Point-of-View-文學(xué)原理教程

PointofView1精選2021版課件PointofView觀(guān)點(diǎn)----Theangle/perspectivefromwhichthestoryistold.Narrator敘述者/Storyteller----Thecharacter/voicethattellsthestory.2精選2021版課件Pointofviewdependsontwofactors:--–Physicalsituationofthenarratorasanobserver;--–Speaker’sintellectualandemotionalposition.3精選2021版課件觀(guān)點(diǎn)----有些東西能為我所見(jiàn)，有些東西則不能。在事件中，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能說(shuō)出全貌，卻都提供了別人所缺少的部分。作者的任務(wù)是找出最適合于他要述說(shuō)之故事的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。4精選2021版課件KindsofPointofView

1.Third-PersonPointofView(narratorasnon-participant)

--–Narratoroutsidetheactiondescribestheevents.5精選2021版課件①Third-PersonPointofViewOmniscient(all-knowing)----Withthispointofview,an“all-knowing”narratorfirmlyimposeshispresencebetweenthereaderandthestory,andretainscompletecontroloverthenarrative.6精選2021版課件----Thenarratorisnotacharacterinthestorybutcantellyouthethoughtsandactionsofallcharactersatalltimes.(Pronouns:he,she,him,her,they,them,etc.)7精選2021版課件Advantage----Theflexibilitygivenbythe“all-knowing”narratorcandirectthereader’sattentionandcontrolthesourcesofinformation.8精選2021版課件

②Third-PersonPointofViewLimited

(limitedtoonecharacter’sthought)----Withthispointofview,thenarratorlimitshisabilitytopenetratethemindsofcharactersbyselectingasinglecharactertoactasthecenterofrevelation.

9精選2021版課件

③DramaticPointofView(strictlyreporting)----Inthispointofview,thenarratordisappearscompletelyandthestoryisallowedtopresentitselfdramaticallythroughactionanddialogue.10精選2021版課件Advantage----Withthedisappearanceofthenarrator,tellingisreplacedbyshowing,andtheillusioniscreatedthatthereaderisadirectandimmediatelywitnesstoanunfoldingdrama.11精選2021版課件

2.First-PersonPointofView(NarratorasParticipant)

----Inthispointofview,thenarratorappearsinthenovelas“I”or“me”andsharesthelimitationsofthirdpersonlimited.①NarratorasMajorCharacter;②NarratorasMinorCharacter.12精選2021版課件Advantage----Byassumingtheidentityas“I”,thenarratorendearshimselftothereaderwhilehehastosacrificetheprivilegeofomniscience.----Thenarratorstandsinsidethestoryandrelatesfirsthandexperience,whichcancreateafeelingofintimacy.13精選2021版課件AnalyzingNarratorIshe/shereliableorunreliable?Ifthenarratoriscrazy,jealous,self-serving,mistaken,confused,etc.,thenthereadermayquestionsthereliabilityofthestoryhe/sheistelling.14精選2021版課件2.Isthenarratoraparticipatingcharacter,oristhenarratortellingthestoryfromanomniscientpointofview?3.Isthenarratorna?ve?Thereadercanseethatthenarrator’sbackgroundlimitshis/herabilitytounderstandasituation.15精選2021版課件全知全能的敘事觀(guān)點(diǎn)----敘事者對(duì)每一件事都能了然，他能隨意進(jìn)入任何人物的內(nèi)心深處，并直接告訴讀者，某一小說(shuō)人物正在想些什么。通常是以第三人稱(chēng)法敘事，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是具有高度彈性，缺點(diǎn)是在訓(xùn)練不足的作家手中，可能會(huì)使作品傾向于松散而凌亂。16精選2021版課件有限制的敘事觀(guān)點(diǎn)：----其敘述者所知有限，他可能是小說(shuō)中的人物，以第一人稱(chēng)（我）的方式去敘事，也可能置身于小說(shuō)之外，以第三人稱(chēng)敘事。17精選2021版課件戲劇式觀(guān)點(diǎn)----前兩者或以小說(shuō)外的導(dǎo)演口吻來(lái)布局，或以劇中人的『我』來(lái)道出親身經(jīng)歷，都是有一個(gè)操縱者或攝影者，但戲劇式觀(guān)點(diǎn)是根本沒(méi)有明顯的觀(guān)看者，完全借著對(duì)話(huà)、行動(dòng)，讓小說(shuō)中的人物自己演出，是極為客觀(guān)的一種敘述法。

18精選2021版課件HaircutInHaircutRingLardnertellsastoryaboutanawfulman,butthroughtheeyesofWhitey,thetownbarber.19精選2021版課件WhiteyhasanunusualpointofviewaboutJim.WhiteyseesJimKendell,themaincharacter,as“comical”(101)and“kindofrough,butagoodfellaatheart”(101).20精選2021版課件WheninrealityWhiteydidnotseeJimforwhathereallywas,aheartless,cheating,vindictiveman.WhiteybelieveshetellingastoryabouthisfriendJim,whowithhisbuddyHodMeyers,“usedtokeepthistowninanuproar”(101).21精選2021版課件InfactWhiteywastellingastoryaboutsomeofthehorribleandmischievousprank