高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推斷題學(xué)案-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀答題技巧推理判斷題考法1：推斷隱含意義常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.Whatcanweinferabout...?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabout...?4.Whatcanwelearn/knowabouttheauthorfrom5.Whatconclusioncouldbedrawn/discover/concludefrom___?推斷隱含意義是高考閱讀理解中必考的考查方向,要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理,推斷出作者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的內(nèi)容、可能發(fā)生的事情或某事物的特征等,旨在考查考生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意的能力。高考鏈接2020年5月天津B片段He'snotreadytoretire,buthe'sfoundanewhobbytokeephishandsskillfulintheyearstoe.“I’vetakenupknitting（編織）,”Parrysaid."Hats,sweaters,gloves—Ienjoyitall.Butmostly,Ienjoygivingeverythingaway."44. WhatcanwelearnaboutParryfromthelasttwoparagraphsofthepassage?A.Heiseagertoshowothershisnewskills.B.Heenjoystryingnewwaystohelpothers.C.Heislookingforwardtolifeafterretirement.D.Heismoreinterestedinknittingthandrawing.做題小技巧：尋讀,找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn);研讀,理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意思;分析推理,在理解字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷,理解作者的言外之意,切勿拿文章中非關(guān)鍵的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的依據(jù);選項(xiàng)對(duì)比,找到與文章信息點(diǎn)所表達(dá)意思相近的選項(xiàng)?？挤?：推斷文章出處或定位讀者常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?2.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?3.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?4.Whoisthepassageprobablyintendedfor?文章出處推斷題要求能夠根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)推斷文章的出處。讀者對(duì)象推斷題要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和措辭推斷文章的讀者對(duì)象是什么人。Asdataandidentitytheftbeesmoreandmoremon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測(cè)量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveeupwithalowcostdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)with……31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.高考鏈接Gettingintocollegeisabigstepforhighschoolgraduates,anditeswithalotofchanges.Formoststudents,it’sthefirsttimethey’relivingawayfromhomeandmanagingtheirownlife.Notsurprisingly,adaptingtothisnewlifestylecanbechallenging.Thefollowingfourtipswillmakehighschoolgraduatesbetterpreparedforcollegelife.36.Whoisthispassagemostprobablywrittenfor?A.Collegeteachers.B.Universitygraduates.C.Highschoolteachers.D.Wouldbecollegestudents.考法3：推斷寫作意圖常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?2.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?3.Whatdoesthewriterofthestorywanttotellus?4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述,揣測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。這類題目要求考生不僅要理解文章的大意,還要具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力,因?yàn)樽髡咭话悴恢苯颖砻髯约旱囊鈭D,而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí),客觀地向讀者傳達(dá)某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。高考鏈接2020年7月天津A篇HowtoUseaModernPublicLibraryHasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.It’sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge,meetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you’llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou’relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,librariessharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou’verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubyemail,soyoucanpickitup.Checkoutotheritems.Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,loadedwithinformationinmanyformats(載體形式).YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.Ifapopularmagazineyouwantisn’tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhenenoughinterestisshown.Jointargetedreadinggroups.Librarieswilloftenholdreadinggroupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroups.Perhapsyou’dliketolearnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish.Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucouldjoin.Ifyouhavedifficultiesreading,askaboutspecialreadingopportunities.Yourlibrarymightbeabletoacmodateyou.AndyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalfhourStoryTimewhileyousitquietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown,yourlocallibrarycanbeealaunchspaceforit.Inlibrarybooksandputers,youcanfindinformationonstartingabusiness.Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithlocallysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersofmerce(商會(huì))andgovernmentagencies,andtheywillofferprinting,faxinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.40.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Topointouttheimportanceofpubliclibraries.B.Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.2020年7月天津B篇“Theytellmethatyou’dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme—isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeenyearoldgirl.“Yes,sir,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn’thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.”PresidentLincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptors—they’vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI’mafraidthere’snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“Ofcourse—Ishouldn’thaveasked.Afulllengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.”Vinnie’sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I’vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafulllengthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”45.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Astrongwilledsoulcanreachhisgoal.B.Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.推斷作者的寫作意圖時(shí),考生要綜合考量文章的主旨和文體特點(diǎn),通過(guò)文章體裁和主旨來(lái)推斷作者的寫作目的。考法4：推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudeto/towards...?2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...?3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?4.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?5.Whatissb.'sattitudeto/towards...?觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物對(duì)某人/事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度,它要求考生具備在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、判斷的能力。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無(wú)非就是三種：（1）支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀（2）反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀（3）中立、客觀褒義詞：positiveoptimisticfavorablesupportiveappreciative貶義詞：doubtfulnegativeironiccriticaldisgustedDisappointed中性詞：objectiveneutralindifferentuninterested高考鏈接2021年7月天津C篇片段Mohaniscautiousaboutthisapproach,yetshesupportsthepurposebehindthesedigitalbeingsandisoptimisticaboutwheretheyareheaded."AswedevelopmoreadvancedAltechnology,wewouldthenhavetousenewwaysofmunicatingwiththattechnology,shesays."'Hopefully,allofthatisdesignedtosupporthumansintheirgoals."50.WhatdoesMohanthinkofthefutureofdigitalbeings?A.It'swellplanned.B.Itispromising.C.Itisuncertain.D.It'squitehopeless.做題小技巧：1.通過(guò)文章主旨推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián),考生應(yīng)先通讀全文,結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容抓住文章的主旨,再結(jié)合細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。2.通過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)描述推斷觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度通常隱藏在對(duì)人物的語(yǔ)氣、肢體動(dòng)作、面部表情或性格傾向等的描述中,或者隱藏在作者對(duì)文中事物進(jìn)行描述時(shí)所用的詞匯或句子中。因此,考生要通過(guò)分析文中的用詞、語(yǔ)氣或?qū)?xì)節(jié)的描述等來(lái)推斷作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。特別提醒解此類題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意:1.要區(qū)分開(kāi)作者的態(tài)度和作者闡述的他人的態(tài)度;2.切勿用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)或文中人物的觀點(diǎn);3.要特別留意那些描寫環(huán)境、氣氛的語(yǔ)言以及表達(dá)感情、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。SummaryI1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：尋讀研讀推理；2.作者意圖、目的推斷題：理解各種文體的寫作意圖，并具體化3.文章出處推斷題：推測(cè)文章的來(lái)源或者推測(cè)讀者對(duì)象要求考生本身要具備一定的常識(shí)，要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說(shuō)、廣告、說(shuō)明書、旅游指南、操作指南等的特點(diǎn)有基本的了解。4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題：文章主旨文章細(xì)節(jié)SummaryII推理判斷題易錯(cuò)總結(jié)：1.把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理2.與原文不符，如因果倒置等；3.根據(jù)考生已有的常識(shí)來(lái)看是正確的，但是卻不是基于文章；4.推理過(guò)頭，引申過(guò)度。Homework1、Torecallwhatyouhavelearntintheclass.2、Tofinishtheexercise.Keywordsconnotationn.隱含意義dictionn.措辭articalorigin文章出處textstructure篇章結(jié)構(gòu)articlefeature文章特點(diǎn)promotenewproducts推銷新產(chǎn)品biographyn.傳記popularscienceknowledge科普知識(shí)tourismresort旅游勝地praticalessay應(yīng)用文narrativeessay記敘文expositoryessay說(shuō)明文argumentativeessay議論文literalmeaning字面含義conveyv.傳達(dá)；表達(dá)直擊高考(2018天津夏,B)詞數(shù):407WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthemunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?”“No,butI’llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“We’refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛(ài)窺探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What’sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,it’sourhome.”Myheartjolted(震顫).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!edownimmediately!”“There’ssomereallygoodstuff(藝術(shù)作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace.”O(jiān)utside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn’tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I’vealwayswantedtothankyou.”3.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.5.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.(2018天津夏,D)詞數(shù):367Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you‘llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild’sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbeeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.

Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbeganplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostkneedeepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey‘dfeltcoldwateratfirst.2.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions. B.Tostopplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteachersadvice. D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.5.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould

.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnature（2017天津夏,B)詞數(shù):359Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?

Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachother’sspaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareamondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.4.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand..A.theneedtobeclosetonatureB.theimportanceofprivatespaceC.thejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbeauty5.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon..A.aparticularlifeexperienceB.thepleasureoftravelingC.theartofphotographyD.alostfriendship(2017天津夏,B)詞數(shù):359Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbeemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyacplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren’twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I’vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“votech”student(技校學(xué)生).They’recalled“motorheads”bytherestofthestudentbody.Whenasecretaryinmyofficefirstcalledhim“moto