高一英語(yǔ)必修二Unit3語(yǔ)法講解課件

Unit3ComputersGrammarTwoTasks:ThePresentPerfectTenseThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Iboughtanewcartwoweeksago.Ihaveboughtanewcar.(兩周以前購(gòu)置，動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去。)(“我〞“已經(jīng)購(gòu)置〞，“已經(jīng)擁有〞，

重在強(qiáng)調(diào)“有〞的結(jié)果與影響。)Ihadmylunchattwelveo'clock.Ihavehadmylunch.(我在12點(diǎn)吃的午飯。)(我已經(jīng)吃了午飯。)ThePresentPerfectTense含義I1.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)

現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.2.不僅單純表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，而且還表示

該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的某種影響以及產(chǎn)生的后果；

既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的

動(dòng)作并非“現(xiàn)在〞完成，而是“過(guò)去〞完成，并

重在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成的結(jié)果與影響。e.g.Wehaveseenthenewfilm.構(gòu)成：ThePresentPerfectTensehave/has+P.P.Note:P.P.＝pastparticiple過(guò)去分詞e.g.I'veseenthisfilm.Hehaslosthismathbook.ThePresentPerfectTense過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：⑴一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“-ed〞。⑵以“e〞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“-d〞。⑶以“輔音字母+y〞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將“y〞變?yōu)椤癷〞，

再加“-ed〞。⑷重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“-ed〞。規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞：規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么與規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么相同。workvisitlivestudycryplaystopdrop不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞要特別牢記，詳見(jiàn)課后附錄中的不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞表。ThePresentPerfectTense句式變化：1)肯定句：have/has+P.P.2)否認(rèn)句：have/has+____+P.P.not3)一般疑問(wèn)句：Haveyoudoneyourhomework?Icamehereeightyearsago.Ihavelivedhereforeightyears.Ihavelivedheresinceeightyearsago.我8年前來(lái)到這兒。我在這兒住了已經(jīng)8年了。我自從8年前就住在這兒。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在〔包括“現(xiàn)在〞在內(nèi)〕的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。ThePresentPerfectTense含義II連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ThePresentPerfectTensefor+一段時(shí)間since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去動(dòng)作點(diǎn)〔從句〕Ihavelivedhereforeightyears.Ihavelivedheresinceeightyearsago.Ihavelivedheresince1981.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice構(gòu)成：have/has+_______+donebeen主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)：Wehaveusedeverypossiblemeanstopreventtheairpollution.Everypossiblemeans______________topreventtheairpollution.hasbeenusedExercises1.Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat___in

myhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup2.----_____thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold3.Allthepreparationforthetask____,andwe’reready

tostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone4.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedBADB5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____

yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecidedB6.Nopermissionhas____foranybodytoenterthebuilding.〔MET1988〕A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begivingA7.Untilnow,hishomeworkhasnot_____finished.A.beingB.beC.beenD.tobeC8.Thewindows_____,youneednotwashitagain.A.iswashedB.waswashedC.hasbeenwashedD.willbewashedC9.Thesnowonthestreet____,youcangohomenow.A.