2020 年雅思學習：議論文核心段的擴展-CC從5到7的飛躍

2024/1/30議論文核心段的擴展CC從5到7的飛躍

1核心段的擴展一篇議論文包括一個介紹段，2-3個核心段和一個總結(jié)段。一般來說，考官最看重的是核心段質(zhì)量，因為從字數(shù)和內(nèi)容來說都占到了一篇議論文的絕大部分。因此，在學習任何一種具體議論文題型之前我們應該了解如何順暢地擴展核心段。從一個topicsentence到一個完整核心段的過程有很多方法，此課件的任務和目的就是教會大家如何連貫流暢地把一個topicsentence往下降，最終形成閉環(huán)的論證邏輯。2024/1/3021.與題目緊密相關，不能隨心所欲，一般來自原題或者個人觀點。如果原題或者個人觀點內(nèi)容很詳細，你只需要改寫(不可避免會重復，不用擔心)。如果內(nèi)容很籠統(tǒng)，你就需要稍微往下細化；2.在往下細化的時候，TS必須是一個自己有把握能擴展的方向，否則寫不動；3.大部分情況下Topicsentence會是一個明確的結(jié)果或者明確的建議，偶爾可以用一個事實或者趨勢來作為TS，但主要用在分析原因來的題目中。Topicsentence的基本原則2024/1/303擴展TS的方法有很多，我們來從簡單到復雜地學習。2024/1/304三種核心段的目的和擴展方式：1.論證一個好處或者壞處明確的影響作為TS

原因分析

舉例/對比/反向假設

扣回TS（改寫重復或者往下降一層）

2.一個段落多分論點的展開（一般出現(xiàn)在discussion或者outweigh）帶著信號詞（some/several/two/three）的籠統(tǒng)型TS

Firstly,第一個分論點+解釋

Secondly,第二個分論點+解釋

3.分析一個原因（幾乎只出現(xiàn)在report）用事實/趨勢作為原因TS

結(jié)果/舉例

結(jié)果(回應題目主題)

2024/1/305明確的影響作為TS

原因分析

舉例/對比/反向假設

扣回TS（改寫重復或者往下降一層）解釋原因是人類的本能，但必要要保證TS是一個結(jié)果；原因解釋寫完之后有很多方法繼續(xù)往下擴展，不要局限；2024/1/306Anotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.(針對前面socially的解釋，省略了Thisisbecause)Theymakefriendsandlearnhowtogetonwithotherchildrenofasimilarage.(沒有舉例，但是用上學和在家待著作為對比)Thisisoftennotpossibleathomebecausetheyaretheonlychild,orbecausetheirbrothersorsistersareolderoryounger.TS+原因解釋+對比--早上學對孩子的好處2024/1/307Ontheotherhand,usingtheinternetdoeshaveapotentialcostwithregardtolossofprivacy.(Thisisbecause)everythingthatinternetusersdoisrecordedbycompaniessuchasGoogleandFacebook,andthereisnotmuchthatthetypicalusercandotopreventit.Forexample,internetusersshouldbearinmindthatalloftheiremailsandsearchesaresaved,andthatGooglemightknowmoreabouttheiractivitiesthantheirfamiliesdo.AsfarasFacebookisconcerned,itsusersseemhappytorevealtheidentitiesoftheirfriendsandfamilies,aswellastheirdailyactivities,eventhoughthisprivateinformationisstoreddefinitely.Ifitfellintothewronghands,itcouldrepresentarealthreattopeople'sfreedom,security,andmoney.

TS+原因解釋+舉例解釋---互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用導致隱私威脅2024/1/308Encouragingstudentstocriticizeorgradetheirteacherscontributestoimprovingteachingquality.Thisispartlybecausecomplaintsfromtheformerhelpthelattertobecomeawareofthedefectsintheirteachingmethods.Forexample,ifalargeproportionofstudentscomplainaboutthedifficultyofmathclasses,theteacherwillimprovethesituationbymakingmoreexplanationorslowingdownthepaceoflearning.Apartfromthat,asimportantdecisionsincludingmeritreviews,payraises,andpromotionsarebasedinpartontheseevaluations,teachersmusttreatfeedbackcarefullyanddoeverythingpossibletomakeimprovementsintheirteaching,suchasspendingmoretimecorrectinghomework.–這個片段里有兩次原因解釋TS+原因解釋+舉例解釋+另一個原因--鼓勵學生給老師評分2024/1/309

自己練習不可否認不同年紀的人有不同的購物習慣。（這是因為）隨著年紀增長，人們的需求和興趣在不斷變化。比如說，小孩子把零花錢全花在零食和玩具上，而年輕人則開始追逐時尚，購買潮流的鞋子和衣服。中年人的錢主要被用來改善生活質(zhì)量比如更大的房子和更好的汽車，而老年人則只愿意花錢在健康相關的產(chǎn)品上。2024/1/3010

自己練習（先自己擴展中文，再翻譯成英文）在家工作效率低–因為有分心和干擾–比如說寵物或者小孩子2024/1/3011有的時候在一個核心段需要給出兩個及以上的分論點。這時候TS給人的感覺是至少包括兩個分論點。-這種情況一般出現(xiàn)在Discuss或者outweigh這類題型中2024/1/30

12Peopleinfavourofstudentswearingschooluniformsbelievethatithasanumberofbenefits.1).Firstly,requiringstudentstowearuniformshelpsreducepeerpressure.Wheneveryoneintheclassisdressedinthesameway,theyarenotlikelytotalkaboutthepriceandtasteofclothes.Asaresult,noonewouldfeelasenseofsuperiorityorprejudiced.2).Inaddition,theruleofwearingschooluniformskeepsthecampussafe.Thisisbecausethosewhoarenotmembersoftheschoolcanbeeasilyrecognizedandkeptoutside.Thereareconsequentlyfewerpossibilitiesofsomeincidents,suchastheftorgangbullyingoncampus.支持校服的理由2024/1/3013Ontheonehand,fromtheperspectiveofsomeoptimists,theremaybegreatbenefitstocontactingalienlifeforms.1).ItislikelythatourneighboursinspacewouldlendustheirfarmoreadvancedtechnologiestosolveaseriesofproblemsontheEarth.Forexample,environmentalpollutioncouldbeeradicatedandlife-threateningdiseasescouldbecuredifwecouldbetechnologicallyimprovedbyouralienfriends.2).Whatismore,withtheirassistance,humanbeingsmaybeabletomakeasignificantstepforwardtoliveonotherplanets.Thismeansthatwewouldnolongerbeafraidoffacinganycatastrophethatmightdestroyourhomeplanet.

聯(lián)系外星人的好處2024/1/3014Ontheonehand,therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplesaywearemoredependentoneachothernow.1).Firstly,thecostoflivinghasincreasedsodramaticallythatlifeismorecomplexanddifficult.Youngadults,forexample,havetorelyontheirparentsforfinancialhelpwhenrentingaflatorbuyingahouse.Housingpricesarehigherthanever,andifrelyingonthemselvesitwouldbeimpossibleformanyyoungpeopletopayadepositandamortgage.2).Secondly,peoplewantabetterqualityoflifefortheirfamilies.Thismeansthatbothparentsusuallyneedtoworkfull-time,andtheydependonsupportfromgrandparentsandbabysittersforchildcare.2024/1/3015

自己練習住在樓房高層的人們享受一些好處。首先，他們有更好的視野景觀。比如說，他們可以看到城市的全貌以及城市外面的自然風景。其次，高層住戶享受更好的生活環(huán)境，因為家里會有更好的光線和通風，這對保持房間衛(wèi)生有很大幫助。2024/1/3016HoldingtheOlympicGamesallowsthehostcountrytoreapbenefitsintermsofeconomicgrowthandpublichealth.Withregardtotheformer,millionsofpeopleareattractedtothehostcountytowatchworld-classsportsgamesandtoexperiencethelocalculture,bothofwhichbringinbillionsofdollarsincashandcreatealargenumberofjobopportunities.Theothercontributionmadebyhostingthisinternationaleventisthataninterestinsportswillbedevelopedinthepublicasthegovernmentbuildsmoresportsfacilitiesandintroducesknowledgeofvarioussports.Asaresult,theywouldbecomemorephysicallyactiveandthelevelofhealthinthegeneralpopulationcouldbeimproved.舉辦奧運會的好處（TS有預告的效果）2024/1/3017

自己練習在家工作讓人們可以靈活安排時間和享受舒適的環(huán)境。Withregardtotheformer,在家工作的人可以按照自己的情況來決定工作和休息。比如說，………Theotherbenefitisthat人們可以很舒服地在家工作。比如說，沒有必要穿正裝或者highheels，可以選擇最舒服的衣服。2024/1/3018針對題目給出的現(xiàn)象來分析原因（最可能出現(xiàn)在report題型里分析原因）TS(用事實/趨勢作為原因)+

進一步的結(jié)果+

進一步的結(jié)果2024/1/3019Inmanycountries,thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren.Thesechildrenareoftenspoiltbecausetheyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant,regardlessofprice,andtobehaveastheyplease.Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutconsiderationforothers.Whentheygettoschoolagetheyhavenotlearntanyselfcontrolordiscipline.Theyhavelessrespectfortheirteachersan