上海市虹口區(qū)2013年高考二模英語試題

./虹口區(qū)2013年英語學(xué)科高考練習(xí)題2013.4考生注意：1.本試卷分為第Ⅰ卷〔第1-11頁和第Ⅱ卷〔12頁兩部分.全卷共12頁.滿分150分.考試時間120分鐘.2.答第I卷前,考生務(wù)必在答題卡上用鋼筆或圓珠筆清楚填寫學(xué)校、班級、姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號,并用鉛筆在答題卡上正確涂寫準(zhǔn)考證號.3.第I卷〔1-16小題,25-80小題由機(jī)器閱卷,答案必須全部涂寫在答題卡上.考生應(yīng)將代表正確答案的小方格用鉛筆涂黑.注意試題題號和答題卡編號一一對應(yīng),不能錯位.答案需要更改時,必須將原選項(xiàng)用橡皮擦去,重新選擇.答案不能涂寫在試卷上,涂寫在試卷上一律不給分.第I卷中的第17-24小題、81-84小題和第II卷的試題,其答案用鋼筆或圓珠筆寫在答題卡上,如用鉛筆答題,或?qū)懺谠嚲砩弦惨宦刹唤o分.第I卷〔105分I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Coke. B.Coffee. C.Tea. D.Water.2.A.Atarestaurant. B.Atastudio. C.Ataconcert. D.Atatheatre.3.A.Relieved. B.Worried. C.Confused. D.Depressed.4.A.TheBrowns. B.TheBrowns’son. C.Thepostman. D.Theneighbor.5.A.7:00. B.7:10. C.9:00. D.9:10.6.A.Theringisnothers. B.Shedoesn’thavegoldrings.C.Sheprefersgoldtosilver. D.Shelosthersilverring.7.A.Thescreendoesn’thavetobecleaned.B.Thekeyboardalsoneedscleaning.C.Themanshouldn’tdothecleaning.D.There’snotenoughtimetocleanboth.8.A.Thedriverwillstopthebusimmediately.B.Theguybythedoorwillhelpthewoman.C.Thewomanshouldcheckthemap.D.Hewilltellthewomanwhentogetoff.9.A.Shedislikesfireworks. B.Shehasplansfortheevening.C.Shedoesn’tfeellikegoingout. D.Shehastogettheatretickets.10.A.Theycan’tseethestarsclearly.B.They’renotinthecitytonight.C.They’relookingatthestarsfromthecity.D.They’retalkingaboutmoviestars.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itcanmakeherfamous. B.Itiseasyandrewarding.C.Itisdangerousbutexciting. D.Ithasitsmovingmoment.12.A.Somebodywaskilled. B.Nobodywasinjured.C.Karenwasphysicallyhurt. D.Manybuildingsexploded.13.A.Afiercewar. B.Aseriousinjury.C.Aterribleexplosion. D.Abravejournalist.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Internetuseisincreasingquicklyinruralandurbanareas.B.MoreandmoreruralresidentshaveInternetaccess.C.PeoplehavealimitedchoiceonInternetproviders.D.CityresidentsusetheInternetfrequently.15.A.Over2million. B.Around6million. C.23million. D.17million.16.A.Moregirlshavetheirownwebsitesthanboys.B.1in4kidshaveInternetaccessfromhome.C.Mostkidsthinktheygettoolittletimeonlineatschool.D.Internetconnectionathomeisquickerthanthatatschool.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.GardenRestaurantReservationFormNameJessica__17__Time9:00p.m.__18__NumberofpeopleSix.PhoneNumber__19__SpecialRequest__20__dishes.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

WhatisHarrods,thebiggestdepartmentstoreintheUKfamousfor?Its__21__andEgyptianHall.HowdopeoplefeelwhentheyareintheEgyptianHall?Theyfeeltheyare__22__.HowdoesHarrodsgetmostofitspower?By__23__itself.HowisthebusinessduringtheJanuarysales?Thereisanincreasein__24__.

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.In2012,MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature,______thedelightoftheChinesepeople.A.with B.for C.at D.to26.--Itissaidthatanotherhigh-speedrailway______.--Yes.Ithasbeenbeingbuiltforabouttwoyearsalready.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.isbeingbuilt27.Anewtaxlaw,______theuseofelectriccarstoreducepollutionandoildependence,isunderconsideration.A.havingencouraged B.toencourage C.encouraged D.encouraging28.Nosituationsaremoreannoyingandfrighteningthanbeingtrappedinacarthat______start.A.won’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shan’t29.Thegirlaswellasherclassmatesdislikesthathorribleandbleedingstory,______?A.doesshe B.doesn’tshe C.dothey D.don’tthey30.--Excuseme.IwonderwhereIcangethelp.I______mypassport.--Butwheredidyouloseit?A.havelost B.lost C.hadlost D.waslosing31.Generally,weneverenjoyvisitingcitiesbecauseweknowonecityismuchlike______.A.theother B.another C.theothers D.others32.--Howlongdoyouthinkitis______shebecameastudentteacher?--Halfayearatleast.A.when B.before C.that D.since33.Althoughayoungkid,Johnsoncouldresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.A.tobetold B.havingbeentold C.beingtold D.tohavebeentold34.Wordmakespeopleheart-broken______ababyinastolencarwascruellykilledbyabadguy.A.where B.which C.when D.that35.Thetimeisnotfaraway______fairnationalhealthservicewillbeavailabletoallChinesepeople.A.when B.as C.until D.before36.Thenewly-marriedyoungcouplehaveboughtanapartmentinadowntownstreet______.A.thesamesizewithyoursB.thesamesizeofyouC.aslargeasyoursD.aslargeasyoursize37.Animalsofthecatfamilyareveryfierce,andtheycan’tbeeasilytamedunless______young.A.catching B.havingcaught C.caught D.tobecaught38.

Atthesceneoftheaccident,peopleshouldleavethings______theyareuntilthepolicearrive.A.as B.which C.when D.what39.Thetwooldsisters,solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.A.beingseparated B.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparated D.separating40.Withhisdesigncompletedinadvance,Harpertookhisseatheavily,feelingpleased______hewasamanofaction.A.which B.what C.that D.whetherSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.create B.separates C.indicate D.responsibilityE.negativeF.failureG.willingH.controlI.concernedJ.functioning

Howdosuccessfulpeoplethink?Whatdrivesthem?Interviewsandinvestigations__41__thatthereareseveralkeystosuccessthatsuccessfulpeopleshare.Firstofall,successfulpeopleneverblamesomeoneorsomethingoutsideofthemselvesfortheir__42__togoahead.Theyrealizethattheirfutureliesintheirownhands.Theyunderstandthattheycannot__43__thingsinlife,suchasnature,thepastandotherpeople.Butinthemeantime,theyarewellawarethattheycancontroltheirownthoughtsandactions.Theytake__44__fortheirlifeandregardthisasoneofthemostempoweringthingstheycando.Perhapswhatmost__45__successfulpeoplefromothersisthattheylivealife"onpurpose"theyaredoingwhattheybelievetheyareputheretodo.Intheiropinion,havingapurposeintheirlifeisthemostimportantelementthatenablesthemtobecomefully__46__people.Theyholdthatwhentheylivetheirlifeonpurpose,theirmainconcernistodothejobright.Theylovewhattheydoanditshows.Peoplewanttodobusinesswiththembecauseoftheircommitment<責(zé)任心>.Tolivetheirlifeonpurpose,successfulpeoplefindacausetheybelieveinand__47__abusinessaroundit.Besides,theynevereasilygiveup.Oncetheyhavesetupgoalsintheirlife,theyare__48__todowhateverittakestoachievetheirgoals.Ratherthanseeingit__49__ordepressingtheyusetheknowledgetospurthemselvesonandgoafterwhattheywantenergeticallyandpassionately.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheMakingofaSurgeonHowdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya"surgeon"?Asmyyearaschiefresident<進(jìn)修醫(yī)生>drewtoaclose,Iaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.Theanswer,Iconcluded,was__50__.Whenyoucansaytoyourself,"ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently<勝任地>,treatjust__51__orbetterthananyothersurgeon"--then,andnotuntilthen,youareindeedasurgeon.Iwas__52__thatpoint.Take,__53__,theemergencysituationsthatwemetalmosteverynight．ThefirstfewmonthsoftheyearIhad__54__theringingofthetelephone.Iknewitmeantanothercriticalresolutiontobe__55__.Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticular__56__,I’dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.I’d__57__allthefactsofthecaseand,often,wonderifIhadmadeapoordecision.Morethanonceattwoorthreeinthemorning,afterlying__58__foranhour,I’dgetoutofbed,dressanddrivetothehospitaltoseethepatientmyself.ItwastheonlywayIcouldfindthe__59__ofmindIneededtorelax.Now,inthelastmonthofmyresidency,__60__wasnolongeraproblem.SometimesIstillcouldn’tbesureofmydecision,butIhadlearnedtoacceptthisasa__61__problemforasurgeon.Iknewthatwithmyknowledgeandexperience,anydecisionI’dmadewascertaintobea__62__one.Itwasanicefeeling.Thisallsoundsconceited<自負(fù)的>andIguessitis--butasurgeonneedsconceit.Heneedsittoencouragehimintryingmomentswhenhe’sbotheredbythe__63__anduncertaintiesthatarepartofthepracticeofmedicine.Hehastofeelthathe’sasgoodasandprobablybetterthananyothersurgeonintheworld.Callitconceit--callitself-confidence;whateveritwas,Ihadit.Anditis,Iamsure,whatapersonhastomakea<n>__64__inlife.50.A.self-service B.self-appreciation C.self-respect D.self-confidence51.A.morethan B.aswellas C.otherthan D.aslongas52.A.supporting B.approving C.handling D.approaching53.A.forexample B.inreality C.bycontrast D.atintervals54.A.valued B.avoided C.feared D.enjoyed55.A.adopted B.applied C.included D.developed56.A.condition B.state C.occasion D.situation57.A.retell B.review C.revise D.remind58.A.awake B.ashamed C.awkward D.asleep59.A.peace B.trouble C.sorrow D.excitement60.A.driving B.reviewing C.sleeping D.operating61.A.medical B.constant C.surgical D.rare62.A.critical B.specific C.proper D.difficult63.A.confidence B.conceit C.solutions D.doubts64.A.effort B.success C.chance D.promiseSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AChangeisoneofthecommonfactsoflife.Mostofushaveseenanumberofchangesinourownlivesfromsimplethingslikefashiontrendsandentertainmenttobigchangesintechnology.Language,too,hasexperiencedchangeandcontinuestodevelop.Thecontinuouschangeiswhatkeepslanguagesalive.Slangisawayinwhichlanguagescantransformandarerenewed.Slangistheuseofinformalwordsandexpressionsthatarenotconsideredstandardinalanguage.Someconsiderslangtobewitty<言辭巧妙的>andclever,addingspicetotheinformalwrittenandspokenlanguage.WaltWhitmandescribedslangas"thestartofimaginationandhumor,breathingintoitsnostrils<鼻孔>thebreathoflife".However,otherscriticizeitsuse,believingthatitweakensthelanguage.ThespokenEnglishlanguageoftoday’syoungergenerationisfilledwithslangwordsandexpressions.Theselivelywordsandphrasesareanexampleofhowlanguageplantsitsownseedsofchangethatdevelopwithinsocialcircumstances.Sometimesslangistheuseofawordthatisalreadyinthestandarddictionary,forexample,lift<topickuporraise>isgivenanewmeaning,suchas"tosteal";orhunk<alargepieceofsomething>hasnowbecome"ahandsomeman".Othertimes,slangisaninventedword,suchaschocoholic,whichmeans"apersonwholoveschocolate".Otherinventedwordsaremula,whichmeans"money"andairhead,whichmeans"apersonwhoisstupid".Now,you’llunderstandyourfriendsiftheysaysomethinglike,"IwassuchanairheadtothinkthatIcouldgetawaywithliftingawholeboxofchocolatesfromthestorejustbecauseIwasalloutofmula."65.WhatwasWhitman’sattitudetowardsslang?A.Hewasdoubtfulaboutit.B.Hethoughthighlyofit.C.Heshowednointerestinit.D.Hewasagainsttheuseofit.66.Theunderlinedword"spice"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans"______".A.damage B.difficulty C.fun D.sugar67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A."Hunk"isaninventedword.B.Slangcannotbefoundinthedictionary.C.An"airhead"referstoapersonoutofmoney.D.Peopleholddifferentopinionstowardsslang.68.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Anintroductiontoslang.B.Thechangeoflanguage.C.Theuseofslang.D.Theoriginofslang.BIt’ssaidthatsomeonesomewhereintheworldisalwayseatingsushi<壽司>.It’sthehealthysnackofchoiceforpeopleofallcultures.Therearedifferentrecipes<食譜>formakingsushi.Thisoneisreallyeasyandfun.Tryit!Ingredients

200gramsofrawsalmon<三文魚>inonepiece<otherrawfishliketunaisfine>

2cupsofrice

2cupsofwater

1/2cupsofvinegar

1teaspoonofsalt

2tablespoonsofsugar

Wasabi<芥末醬>

Japanesesoysauce<醬油>Instructions

Washyourhandsbeforeyoustart.

Putthesugarandsaltinthevinegar<醋>tomakeamixture.Keepitinacontainer.

Boilthericeinthe2cupsofwater.Thisisalittlelesswaterthanusualtomakethericeslightlyharder.

Leavethericetocooldownfor10minutesafterit’sboiled.

Putthericeintoalargecontainer.Addhalfofthemixture.

Mixitalltogetherwithyourhands.Keepmixinguntilitstickstogether.Youmayneedtoaddmoreofthemixture.

Letthericecooldown.

Wetyourhands.Makeballsofrice.Eachoneshouldbeaboutthesizeofatabletennisball.

Takeasharpknifeandcutthesalmonintothinslices.Eachsliceshouldbeabout3mmthick.

Withthericeballinonehand,pressthecutsalmonontop.Makeitintoarectangular<矩形的>shape.

Putthesushionaplate.

Putalittlewasabiandsoysauceinasmalldish.

Servethesushitoyourfriends.Itgoeswellwithgreentea.Attention

Thebiggestconcernpeoplehaveaboutsushiisitsfreshness.Rawfishcanattractbacteria,whichcanmakesusillorevencausedeath.Whenchoosingawholefish,theeyesshouldbeclear.Theskinshouldbebrightandsmoothandnotbreaking-up.Whenchoosingcutfish,themeatoughtnottogiveoffanunpleasantsmell.Itshouldalso"bounceback"atyouwhenyoutouchit.Inotherwords,itshouldlookfairlyhard.Don’tbuysushiinthestreet.Buyfromshopsorsupermarketsthatotherscanrecommend.

Lotsofwasabialsohelpskillbacteria.Italsomakesyourheadwanttoexplode.69.Tomakesushimoredelicious,youmayaswell______.A.poursomegreenteaintoriceB.eatitwithabitsoysauceandwasabiC.addasmuchwasabiaspossibletogetahealthysnackD.choosecookedfishratherthanfishthatareuncooked70.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?A.MakingsushiiseasyandfunB.popularJapanesefastfoodC.MakingyourownsushiD.Therearedifferentrecipesformakingsushi71.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.Sushihasbecomeamulti-billionindustryB.MakingsushiisademandingjobforeveryoneC.SushiispopularnotonlyinJapanbutalsoinChinaD.Youshouldbuysushiinshopsorsupermarketsonlyonpeople’srecommendationC"Tobeornottobe."OutsidetheBible,thesesixwordsarethemostfamousinalltheliteratureoftheworld.TheywerespokenbyHamletwhenhewasthinkingaloud,andtheyarethemostfamouswordsinShakespearebecauseHamletwasspeakingnotonlyforhimselfbutforeverythinkingmanandwoman.Tobeornottobetoliveornottolive,toliverichlyandabundantly<豐富地>andeagerly,ortolivedullyandmeanlyandscarcely.Aphilosopheroncewantedtoknowwhetherhewasaliveornot,whichisagoodquestionforeveryonetoputtohimselfoccasionally.Heanswereditbysaying,"Ithink,thereforeIam."ButthebestdefinitionofexistenceIeversawwasonewrittenbyanotherphilosopherwhosaid,"Tobeistobeinrelations."Ifthisistrue,thenthemorerelationsalivingthinghas,themoreitisalive.Toliveabundantlymeanssimplytoincreasetherangeandintensity<強(qiáng)度>ofourrelations.Unfortunately,wearesoconstituted<組成>thatwegettoloveourroutine.Butotherthanourregularoccupation,howmucharewealive?Ifyouareinterestedonlyinyourregularoccupation,youarealiveonlytothatextent.Sofarasotherthingsareconcernedpoetryandprose,music,pictures,sports,unselfishfriendships,politics,internationalaffairsyouaredead.Onthecontrary,itistruethateverytimeyouacquireanewinterestevenmore,anewaccomplishmentyouincreaseyourpoweroflife.Noonewhoisdeeplyinterestedindifferentkindsofsubjectscanremainunhappy.Therealpessimististhepersonwhohaslostinterest.Baconsaidthatamandiesasoftenashelosesafriend.Butwegainnewlifebycontactswithnewfriends,andnewideasandthoughts,too.Whereyourthoughtsare,therewillbeyourlifealso.Ifyourthoughtsarelimitedonlytoyourbusiness,onlytoyourphysicalwelfare,onlytoyournarrowcircleofthetowninwhichyoulive,thenyouliveinanarrowrestrictedlife.Butifyouareinterestedinthecharactersofagoodnovel,thenyouarelivingwiththosehighlyinterestedpeople;ifyoulistenintently<專注地>tofinemusic,youarealwaysawayfromimmediatesurroundingsandlivinginaworldofpassionandimagination.Tobeornottobetoliveintenselyandrichly,ormerelytoexist,dependsonourselves.Letuswidenandintensify<增強(qiáng)>ourrelations.Whilewelive,letuslive.72.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttodobythispassage?A.Theauthorwantstoargueagainstanidea.B.Theauthorwantstoputforwardanidea.C.Theauthorwantstointroducesomefamoussayings.D.Theauthorwantstoexplainsomefamoussayings.73.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"pessimist"mostprobablymean?A.Itmeanssomebodywhoalwaysexpectstheworsttohappen.B.Itmeanssomebodywhoisalwaysinterestedinmakingnewfriends.C.Itmeanssomebodywhoalwayslivesinaworldofpassionandimagination.D.Itmeanssomebodywholikestolivearichandabundantlife.74.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsisprobablyencouragedbytheauthor?A.LimitingourthoughtstoourbusinessandphysicalwelfareB.Exposingourselvestonewfriends,ideasandthoughts.C.Gettingalongwiththosehighlyinterestedpeople.D.Livinginaworldofpassionandimagination.75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.B.Ithink,thereforeIam.C.Tobeistobeinrelations.D.Amandiesasoftenashelosesafriend.SectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.AtooltoanalyzetourismcompetitivenessB.OpportunitiesfromthepotentialmarketsC.AsignificantcontributiontoeconomyD.DistanceandpolicyobstaclesE.OpportunitiesinexistencewithchallengesF.Naturalandculturaldrawcard76._______TourismisconsideredasoneofthefastestgrowingindustriesinAustralia,whichcontributessignificantlytotheAustralianeconomy.AccordingtoATC<September1998>,4.22millionvisitorscametoAustraliaintheyearendingJune,1998.ThemainvisitorsarefromJapan,NewZealandandUnitedKingdom.ThispaperattemptstoanalyzewhetherAustraliahastheabilitytocompetesuccessfullywithothercountriesasitentersthenewmillennium.TheanalysiswillbeusedasthetooltoanalyzeAustraliantourismcompetitiveness.77._______ThemostobviousstrengthofAustraliaisthediversityofnaturalandmanmadeattractions.Australiahashundredsofnationalparks,manyofwhichareworldheritagelisted.Moreover,therearemanyuniqueplantsandwildlifefoundnowhereelseonearth.CondeNastTravellermagazinehasrecentlyrankedAustraliaasthebestdesirabledestinationfortravelersin1998,withSydneybeingchosenasthebestcityintheworld.AnotherstrengthofAustraliaisthefriendlinessandeasygoingattitudeofAustralianpeople,whichisworld-famous.Inaddition,themixofAustralianpopulationistrulymulticultural.Thisculturaldiversityreflectsinthediversityofart,entertainment,andcuisinefoundinAustralia.Apartfromthegreatmixofculture,AboriginalcultureisalsoanotherdrawcardforAustralia.Therecentsurveyfoundthat80%ofEuropeanvisitorswanttoseeandexperienceAboriginalculturewhentheycometoAustralia.78._______OneofAustralia’sinherentweaknessesisitsgeographicalisolation.ThismeansAustraliacannotpositionitselfasamasstourismmarket.However,AustralianTouristCommissionattemptstochangetheperceptionofdistancebarrierbypromotingAustraliaasthedestinationthat"takesonlyaslongtogettoasaflightbetweenWestcoastUnitedStatesandEurope".Restrictivevisapolicyisanotherweakness.Australia’svisapolicyisagainstinternationaltrendtowardsmorefreedomofinternationaltravel.Inaddition,visafeeof$50hasbeenimplementeduponthevisitorsfromAsiancountries.Visaregulationshouldberelaxed,atleasttoallowfreeentryforcitizensoflowriskcountries,thosewhichhavelowvisarejectionratesandlowoverstayrates.79._______Thereareseveralnewemergingmarkets,whichrepresentapromisingopportunityforAustralia.ThesenewmarketsareChina,India,Philippines,andSouthAmerica.China,inparticular,isAustralia’smostpromisingmarketbecauseAustraliahasrecentlybeenawardedofficialtourismdestinationstatusbytheChinesegovernment.Inonlyoneyear,thenumberofChinesetouristshasalreadybecomethesixthlargestmarketforAustralia,withthegrowthof25%.Anotheropportunityisfrombackpackersmarket,whichisbecomingmoreimportantovertime.Inaddition,theytendtostaylongerthanmostaveragetourists.AccordingtoOfficeofNationalTourismaveragebackpackersstay72nightsinthecountry.IntheyearendedMarch1997,255,700internationalbackpackersvisitedAustralia.80._______AccordingtotheSWOTanalysis,Australiahascapabilitytocompeteintheinternationaltourismmarketforthenewmillennium.ItisapparentthattherearemanystrengthsandopportunitiesaheadtomakesurethatAustraliacansecureitscompetitiveposition.However,itisimportanttoalsorecognizethattherearesomeinherentweaknessesandpossiblethreatsthatcouldhavetheimpactonAustralia’scompetitiveness.TheseissuesneedtobedealtwithsothattheoverallcompetitivenessofAustraliawillbeenhanced.Furthermore,tobeabletocompeteinthelongrun,itisimportanttomakesurethatthereisabalancebetweentourismdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.ItisthebeautifulnaturalenvironmentwhichdrawsvisitorstoAustraliainthefirstplace.SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday’srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Andover10percentofthepoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation<動力>,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In2010over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwel