非謂語動詞-課件

Non-finite

Verbs

Non-finiteverbsGerundParticiplePresentParticiplePastParticipleInfinitiveTenseandVoiceofInfinitive

activevoicepassivevoice一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).Theboyissaidtohavebeenplayingthepianosincehewasthreeyearsold.(完成進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動詞的動作之前一直進(jìn)行的動作)Exercises:1.Thepolicemenaskedtheiridentities___(keep)secret.

2.Benistheonlypersoninhistown___(see)theUFO.3.Thevisitorsarerequested

___(not,touch)

theexhibits.4.

Theoldtempleissaid___(destroy)inafireonehundredyearsago.tobekepttohaveseentohavebeendestroyednottotouchWhatfunctiondoestheinfinitiveactinthefollowingsentences?1、The

infinitive

as

subjectTorunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、The

infinitive

as

predicativeOurplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、The

infinitive

as

objectIwanttobuyadictionary.4、The

infinitive

as

attributiveHehasachancetogoabroad.

5、The

infinitive

as

adverbialTofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、The

infinitive

as

objectcomplementIaskher

tohelphim.(1).主語Subject不定式作主語時,往往放在句子的后部,用it作形式主語.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(for/ofsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.Non-finiteisimportanttogetenoughsleepatnightTheusageofinfinitive1.你太好了給我一些幫助。Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時間。穩(wěn)固練習(xí)1(2).表語PredicativeMyjobYourtask______________(努力學(xué)習(xí)).istostudyhardNon-finitetoteachyouEnglish.1.他的愿望是在不久的將來買一座大房子。Hiswishistobuyabighouseinthenearfuture.2.我喜歡的是在海中游泳。WhatIlikeistoswiminthesea.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)2Thecustomsofficerdemandedtosearchourluggage.(3)賓語Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail,hope,refuse,agree,decide,learn,manage,pretend,etc.+todoNon-finite1.不定式作動詞的賓語thinkconsiderfind形式賓語4.我希望收到你的信。Ihopetohearfromyou.5.我決定不留下來。Idecidednottostay.6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Studentsthought______________________.7.她覺得沒有必要和他爭論。Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.it+adj.+todo

穩(wěn)固練習(xí)3Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).賓補(bǔ)ObjectComplement當(dāng)遇到以下動詞時,不定式省略to:allow,help,enable,encourage,permit,persuade,tell,warn,teach等.

Non-finite醫(yī)生們向我們保證他們將全力救治地震中的傷者.Thedoctorspromisedustotrytheirbesttorescuetheinjuredintheearthquake.+sbtodo使役動詞：let,make,have感官動詞：see,hear,feel等Imadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodoHewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.fallB.tofall

C.fallingD.fallen改錯:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork(5).定語Attributive(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,那么不定式中要有介詞.)Heislookingfor__________.〔一間可以住的房子〕Thereisnothing___________.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。I’dlike________________________________.afewbookstoreadduringthejourney---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopictobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.〔沒有什么可擔(dān)憂的〕ahousetolivein1.每個人都有選擇自己生活方式的權(quán)利。Everyonehastherighttochoosehisownlivingstyle.2.隨著私家車數(shù)量的增長，人們難找到停車位。Withtheincreaseofthenumberofprivatecars,it'sdifficultforpeopletofindaplacetoparkthecar.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)4Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表結(jié)果Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Non-finitewho,which,when,how,whether等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要接受邀請。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)Non-finite不定式與疑問詞連用:Exercise

(eat,finish,tell)

tobefinishednottoeat1.Wefinditimpossibleforthework__________aheadoftime.2.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.3.Imeant_________youaboutit,butIforgottodoso.tohavetold

1.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding4.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned

3.Whileshopping,people

can’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.study6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，一般用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*表示目的的不定式的否認(rèn)式一般inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。(√)Hegotupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．Gerund一.Structure：doingNegative：notdoing二.TenseandVoiceofGerundactivevoicepassivevoice一般式完成式makinghavingmadebeingmadehavingbeenmade三.

TheusageofGerund:

Inthesentence,gerundcanbeusedassubject,object,predicative,attributive.1.作主語:Subject2.作賓語:Object3.作定語:Attributive4.作表語:Predicative1.作主語:Subjecte.g.---Whatmadehimsounhappy?Quarrelingwithhiswifemadehimsounhappy.對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?2.作賓語:ObjectVt.Prep.+doing以下動詞通常用~ing形式作賓語：admit,appreciate,deny,resist,imagine,mind,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,can’thelp,等。如:這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個小時的鋼琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．

remember/forget/regret+v-ing表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，remember/forget/regret+todo表動作還沒有發(fā)生。meandoing意思是……；意味著……meantodo意欲，打算要做……stoptodo停下來要做……stopdoing停止正在做的動作trydoing試著做……trytodosth.試圖做……3.作表語:Predicative

Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Hisjobisteaching.What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?I’mfishing.Myhobbyisfishing.4.作定語:AttributiveawalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar區(qū)別ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)動名詞表示被動意義:在動詞或詞組need,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的動名詞表示被動意義:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.非謂語動詞的用法區(qū)別動詞不定式與動名詞一般說來，在表示比較抽象的經(jīng)常的動作時多用動名詞；在表示具體的特定的動作多用不定式。Theirjobisbuildinghouses.(抽象、經(jīng)常的動作)Theirworkistobuildanotherbridgeacrosstheriver.(具體、要做的動作)注意【2】在begin,start,cease后，如果表示有意識地開始〔停止〕做某事，多用動名詞；如果動作自動或突然開始〔停止〕，那么多用不定式。Hebegantalkingabouthisplanforsummerholiday.Suddenlyitbegantorain.動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途，常常放在所修飾名詞之前；而動詞不定式作定語常常放在所修飾名詞之后。Hisattempttosolvethedifficultproblemfailedagain.Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.3、作定語時Participle

presentparticiple(-ing)pastparticiple(-ed)

ParticipleFormsactivevoicepasivevoice現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeingdone現(xiàn)在分詞完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞done其否認(rèn)形式not+分詞短語Presentparticiple一般式：doing(分詞的動作和謂語動作同時進(jìn)行〕e.g.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Hehurriedhomeandlookedbehind….一般式被動語態(tài)：beingdonee.g.Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltinthestreetwillbeahospital.Thelargebuildingwhichisbeingbuilt…..該語態(tài)-----1.表示被動2.表示動作正在進(jìn)行。完成式：havingdone(分詞動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生〕e.g.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.完成式被動：havingbeendonee.g.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentothelibrary.

Afterwehadbeenshownthelab,weweretaken…...該語態(tài)----1.表示被動，2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的先后關(guān)系。FunctionofPresentParticiple:Presentparticiplecanbeusedasattributive,predicative,complement,adverbial.

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語單個現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，放于被修飾名詞前E.g.a________boya________boyrunningcrying現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，放于被修飾名詞后thegirl_______(站在那邊〕thegirl_____(和我母親談話的〕

standingtheretalkingtomymomNotes—現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1.被修飾名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系

2.–ing形式短語作定語時，一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個進(jìn)行時的定語從句。Exercisese.g.Thegirlsdancinginthenextroomaremyclassmates.===

Thegirls

whoaredancinginthenextroom

aremyclassmates.Exercisese.g.Doyouknowthepersonwhoisspeakingtomyteacherthere?===Doyouknowthepersonspeakingtomyteacherthere?Thepicturewhichhangsonthewallwaspaintedbyafamousartist.WewilltakethebuswhichiswaitingbytheroadsidetogototheOceanPark.

Thepicturehangingonthewallwaspaintedbyafamousartist.We’lltakethebuswaitingbytheroadsidetogototheOceanPark.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語分詞作表語，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。注意：常用于系動詞之后〔be,seem,sound,taste,feel….)E.g.Thestoryisinteresting.Thematchisexciting.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語作賓語補(bǔ)語Isawgrandmacrossingtheroad.Whenyouleavetheclassroom,don’tleavethelampburning.作主語補(bǔ)語Afteracarefulsearch,thedrugswerefoundhiddeninsideaboxlabeled"confidential".現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語分詞作狀語，能夠轉(zhuǎn)換為一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句。注意：分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語〔即分詞動作的發(fā)出者〕一般要與句中的主語保持一致。1.表時間Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.Whenheheardthecryforhelp,herushedout.2.表原因Beingayoungchild,hecouldn'tunderstandwhathadhappenedtohisparents.Ashewasayoungchild,hecouldn'tunderstandwhathadhappenedtohisparents.3.表伴隨Hesatinthearmchair,watchingTV.HesatinthearmchairandwatchedTV.4.表?xiàng)l件Ifgoingtherebyplane,wewillhavetopaytwiceasmuch.Ifwegotherebyplane,wewillhavetopaytwiceasmuch.5.表讓步Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidnotloseheart.Althoughhehadfailedmanytimes,hedidnotloseheart.6.表結(jié)果e.g.Hisfrienddied,leavinghimalotofmoney.

Hisfrienddiedandlefthimalotofmoney.總結(jié)分詞作狀語可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，伴隨等狀況，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。注：分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主語必須保持一致。Exercises________(see)theprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.____________(finish)hishomework,LibegantowatchTV._______(poor)inthosedays,theycouldnotaffordtosendtheirchildrentoschool.SeeingHavingfinishedBeingpoorExercises4._____________(notreceive)areply,MarydecidedtosendJackanotheremail.5.Thespeakerwalkedoutofthehall,_____(wave)and____(smile)totheaudience.Nothavingreceivedwavingsmiling動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別sleepingbabysleepingcarflyingbirdflyingschoolbabywhoissleepingcarwhichisusedforsleepingbirdwhichisflyingschoolfortrainingpilotsPastParticiple

★過去分詞沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化

過去分詞的用法

過去分詞〔短語〕作定語

WeshouldpayattentiontoourspokenEnglish.單個過去分詞作定語常放在它所修飾的名詞之前,和它所修飾的名詞存在動賓(被動)關(guān)系。

Thisisaschool

builtin1980.過去分詞短語常放在它所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。=Thisisaschool

whichwasbuiltin1980.習(xí)題：—I’mverythirsty.

—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.

A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled

C

A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A析①過去分詞invited作定語修飾指示代詞those,意為“被邀請的那些人〞,兩者是動賓〔被動〕關(guān)系。thoseinvited=thosepeoplewhohavebeeninvited②單個過去分詞作定語需放在所修飾的名詞之前,但是something、anything、nobody、nothing、those等代詞的定語需后置。3.Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof___.

A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseA過去分詞〔短語〕作表語Thechildrenweresatisfiedwithhisexplanation.現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，如：Thenewswasexciting.Shelookedexcited.用所給動詞的-ed或~ing形式填空：1)Theresultoftheexammademe__________．(disappoint)2)Thiswasreallyan_______moment．(excite)3)Heseemedquite_______attheidea.(delight)4)Thepresentsituationis_________．(encourage)disappointedexcitingdelightedencouraging1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.

A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.

A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost

3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingbyCCD(e.g.gethurtgetexcited

getpleased)習(xí)題：Thisriverispolluted.〔過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)〕Thisriverwaspollutedbythechemicalplant.〔過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表動作〕★過去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：Thewindowsareclosed.譯：窗戶是關(guān)著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯：窗戶是被杰克關(guān)住的過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞；在被動語態(tài)中，過去分詞表動作，常由by引出動作的發(fā)出者。過去分詞〔短語〕作賓語補(bǔ)足語Ifoundthesmalltown

changedalot.(表動作已完成)Hewantstheletter

typedrightaway.(動賓關(guān)系)Wemustget

ourhomeworkfinishedontime.

(動賓關(guān)系)過去分詞〔短語〕在句子中作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動作已完成，或和賓語存在動賓關(guān)系。這類句子的謂語動詞通常是表示“感知〞〔如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find等)、“意愿〞〔如want,wish,expect,等)的動詞，或是使役動詞〔如make,have,keep等〕。習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught譯：我看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。〔過去分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表被動。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯：我看見他正在上車?！铂F(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表主動。動作正在進(jìn)行?！?.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.

cut

譯：我準(zhǔn)備明天理發(fā)。(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表被動。)過去分詞〔短語〕作狀語過去分詞〔短語〕作狀語，修飾謂語，常常表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的狀語從句。它和主句的主語存在動賓關(guān)系。a.表示時間Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b.表示條件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴隨情況e、表示讓步

Deeplymovedbythemovie,thegirlsbegantocry.

Astheyweredeeplymovedbythemovie,thegirlsbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherd