復(fù)習(xí)限制性定語從句

復(fù)習(xí)限制性定語從句編稿：牛新閣審稿：王春霞概念引入定語從句是我們從初中學(xué)到高一，又從高一學(xué)到高二，可能是出現(xiàn)最頻繁的語法項目，在這個單元里，我們復(fù)習(xí)一下定語從句的用法，重點復(fù)習(xí)運用限制性定語從句時的注意要點。先看下面句子：1.Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere,soI’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkedabout.2.Theboyswhohadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.3.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.4.TheonlypossessionsIcouldseewereonebroom,afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.這些句子中斜體詞部分就是定語從句，其中句1中包括兩個定語從句：=1\*GB3①which引導(dǎo)的修飾photos；=2\*GB3②theplaces后的Italkedabout是省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句，修飾theplaces。句2中who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾boys；句3中是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾aridge；句4中Icouldsee是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句修飾possessions。下面我們就來對限制性定語從句的用法進行梳理和總結(jié)。為了不影響分析，下文中簡單的句子，就不譯成漢語了用法講解定語從句及相關(guān)名詞的定義1.什么是定語從句？指在句子中起定語作用，修飾句中的名詞或代詞的從句。定語從句包括限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。2.先行詞：即被修飾的名詞、代詞或短語，定語從句通常置于在先行詞之后。3.引導(dǎo)詞：定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞也稱為關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種，放定語從句前，引出定語從句。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作一定的成分。關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why(此處為空白，為了表格完整留出)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法常見關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用法表先行詞物人人、物地點時間reason從句中的成分主語賓語主語賓語定語地點狀語時間狀語原因狀語關(guān)系代詞which√√that√√√√who√√whom√whose√關(guān)系副詞where√when√why√注：as用法特殊，沒有列入表中。選擇關(guān)系代詞的步驟：1.找到定語從句和先行詞；2.把先行詞放定語從句中確定要填的關(guān)系代詞或副詞作什么成分，注意介詞的位置；3.確定是否是特殊用法；4.選擇合適的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。小口訣：一看指人還是物二看介詞在何處三看句中作何用四看是否屬特殊試填細解試在下面句子中填入關(guān)系詞：Thisisthedetective____camefromLondon.Thelady____theywantedtovisitisascientist.Thebook____IamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.Thisistheroom____Shakespearewasbornin.Thedesk____legisbrokenisveryold.Iwillneverforgettheday____Imetthefamousastronaut.Everyonewantstovisittheplace____PremierZhouonceworked.Wedon’tknowthereason____theydidn’tkeeptheirpromise.分析：Thisisthedetectivewho/thatcamefromLondon.

先行詞是人，關(guān)系詞代表先行詞在從句中作主語，填入who或that。Theladywhom/thattheywantedtovisitisascientist.

先行詞是人，關(guān)系詞代表先行詞在從句中作賓語，填入whom或that。Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.這就是我們之間有分歧的幾點。There’snoreasonforwhich/whyweshouldn’tbefriends.我們沒有理由不成為朋友。3.介詞的確定1）依據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配確定Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentmostofmymoney.我買了很多書，這些書花了我多數(shù)的錢。2）依據(jù)與先行詞的搭配的具體意義確定。Jillonceworkedinthecompanyinwhichthecarsareproducednow.吉爾曾在生產(chǎn)這種汽車的那家公司工作。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無色的氣體是氧氣，離了它我們不能活。注意：總之，把先行詞放定語從句中，看缺少什么介詞就用什么介詞。4.不能提前的介詞有些“動詞+介詞”的短語不能把介詞提前，否則會失去動詞短語的意義，如takecareof，lookfor，lookafter等。ThisistherightCDwhichI’mlookingfor.這就是我正找的CD。要點關(guān)注4：關(guān)系詞的省略1.關(guān)系代詞的省略引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有時可以省略：1）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作動詞賓語時。Thelady（whom/that）theywantedtovisitisascientist.他們想要訪問的那個女士是科學(xué)家。2)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。Afterascoreofyears,Johnsonisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.二十年后，約翰遜不再是當(dāng)年淘氣的男孩子了。3）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語，且介詞沒有提前時。Theman（whom/that）youtalkedwithismyfriend.你與之交談的那個人是我朋友。2.關(guān)系副詞的省略先行詞是theway，theplace，theplaces，thetime，theday等，有時用that代替when，where，介詞+which，而且可以省略。先行詞thereason后的關(guān)系副詞why也有時省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.他回答這個問題的方式很讓人吃驚。Ihaveneverbeentotheplaces(that/where/inwhich)theIndianslive.我從來沒有去過印第安人居住的地方。Ishouldnothavewastedsomuchtime(that/duringwhich)Ishouldhavestudied.我浪費了那么多本應(yīng)該用來學(xué)習(xí)的時間。Thereason(why)hedidthatisquiteclear.他那樣做的理由是非常清楚的。鞏固練習(xí)Ⅰ.用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空。1.Doyoulikethebook_________shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_________shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook_________sheoftentalks?5.Hedugaholeinthewall________hecouldseewhathappenedoutside.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,________standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest________istheYellowRiver.8.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatswimming.9.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.10.Thespeed________youdriveyourcarmustn’tbetoohigh.11.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Ivisitedtheoldmanlastyear.12.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour________isbrightandnice.13.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,________therearemanypictures.14.Whatwerethethings_________hewasnottoosure?15.Heislookingforhisglasses_________hecan’tseeanything.Ⅱ.句子翻譯根據(jù)下面提示，給Tom寫一封信，盡量多地使用定語從句。我收到了你上周的來信，謝謝你寄的照片。我常常想起我們一起度過的時光，你還記得那個湖嗎?我們在那兒還照過一張相呢。和我們一起玩的那些朋友還好嗎?我昨晚做了夢，在夢里我們在上次去的那家電影院呢。另外，我買到了你要的那本英語書，周末有時間我將把書寄給你。Ⅲ.單項選擇。1.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hastakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich2.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why3.Isthisthereason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained4.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that5.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsiston.A．whyB．whereC．howD．/6.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that7.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom8.Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that9.Thegreattroublehe____showushowtorunthemachine_____himverytired.A.tookto;madeB.takesto;makeC.took;makeD.taketo;tomake10.Wearelivinginanage_______manythingsaredoneoncomputers.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when11.Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis_______watch________Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;as

B.the

same;as

C.thesame;which

D.asthesame;that12.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A．whyB．whereC．which D．that13.I’msorrytosaythattheway_______youdiditwasnottheway______theteachertoldyou.A.which；thatB.不填；不填C.that；inwhichD.不填；inwhich14.Isthishotel_______offeredyouajob_______youstayedthefirsttimeyouarrivedhere?A.which,whereB.theone,inwhichC.where,thatD.theonethat,where15.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A．who B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．What16.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A．what B．whoseC．which D．that17.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A．theway B．inthewaythatC．intheway D．thewaywhich18.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers________shehadwipedherhands.A．where B．whichC．when D．that19.TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A．forwhich B．a(chǎn)twhichC．inwhich D．onwhich20.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint________bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A．where B．thatC．when D．which21.People________drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A．who;/ B．/;whoC．who;who D．/;/22．Youmayborrowanybook________.A．thatyouinterestB．whichyouareinterestedC．thatinterestsyouD．whichinterestsyou23．Thereisnothingintheworld________canpleasehim.A．which B．whatC．whom D．that24．Thesecondbook________IwanttoreadisTravelsinChina.A．which B．whatC．that D．a(chǎn)s25.Hepromisedtodoall________hecould________meoutofthedifficultsituation.A．which;help B．that;helpedC．that;helping D．that;tohelp26．Theprofessortalkedaboutsomepoetsandpoems______wereunknowntous.A．which B．whoC．that D．whom27.Iknowthereason________hecamelatethismorning，butIdon’ttellanyoneaboutit.A．why B．whoC．where D．when28.Thehousethewindows________weredamagedhasbeenrepaired.A．ofthat B．ofwhichC．who D．which29.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.A．onwhich B．bywhichC．towhich D．fromwhich30.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where答案與解析：Ⅰ.用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空。注意：在這些句子中，which或whom引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且代表先行詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語。1.onwhich。spendsometime/moneyonsth.花一段時間/錢在某事物上2.forwhich。paysomemoneyforsth.為某物付錢3.fromwhich。learn...from...從中學(xué)會4.aboutwhich。talkabout談?wù)撃呈挛?.throughwhich。句意：他在墻上弄出個洞，透過這個洞，他可以看到外面發(fā)生的事。6.underwhich。underthetree樹下。7.ofwhich。thesecondlongestoftherivers第二大河8.towhom。speaktosb.與某人說話9.ofwhich。mostofwhich=mostofthetenwindows10.atwhich。driveatthespeed用這種速度開車11.inwhich。visittheoldmaninthemountainvillage在小山村拜訪那位老人12.ofwhich。表示“花的顏色”。13.inwhich。14.ofwhich。besureof確定15.withoutwhich。withouthisglasses沒有眼鏡的話Ⅱ.句子翻譯DearTom,Ihavereceivedtheletteryoupostedlastweek.Thanksforthephotosyousentme.Ioftenthinkofthetimewespenttogether.Doyoustillrememberthelakewherewehadapicturetaken?Howarethechildrenwhoplayedwithus?Ihadadreaminwhich/wherewewerestayinginthecinemawhich/thatwewenttolasttime.Besides,Ihaveboughtthebook(that/which)youneed.OntheweekendwhenIamfree,Iwillpostittoyou.Bestwishes,Yours，LiHuaⅢ.單項選擇。1.C。考查定語從句中介詞的選擇。which代替所修飾詞themuseum，在定語從句中要作of的賓語，相當(dāng)于theconstructionofthemuseum（博物館的建設(shè)）。2.A。where代替先行詞situation，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。句意：他把自己弄到了一個危險的狀況，在這種狀況下，他很有可能失去對飛機的控制。3.A。先行詞是thereason，且在從句中充當(dāng)explained的賓語，而不是狀語，所以不能用why。what和how不引導(dǎo)定語從句。4.C。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。先行詞和其定語從句被謂語isincreasing隔開了。5.D。先行詞point在定語從句中作insiston的賓語，所以可省略。6.A。inwhich在定語從句中作狀語，代替inthescenes（在那些幕里）。7.D。talk是不及物動詞，與某人談話一般用“talkwith”。8.C。where在定語從句中作地點狀語，表示“在公司里”。9．A。分析句子可知，主語trouble的謂語是made，即“這些很大的辛苦使我們很累”，所以trouble后的he...是定語從句，taketroubletodosth.表示“不辭辛苦地做某事”，即trouble是take的賓語，定語從句省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which；注意不要忘記短語中的不定式符號to。10.D。age時期，是先行詞。when表示“在這個時期”。11.B。先行詞有thesame修飾，一般用as引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“與一樣的”，as代替先行詞watch在從句中作lost的賓語。12.B。where引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾family，相當(dāng)于inthefamily。句意：所有的鄰居都羨慕這個家庭，在這個家庭里父母對待孩子就像對待朋友一樣。13.B。先行詞way在定語從句中作方式狀語，即“youdiditintheway”，所以用inwhich或that引導(dǎo)從句，也可以省略，排除A；第二空中先行詞theway在從句中作told的直接賓語，用that/which，也可以省略，所以選B。14.D。句子是一般疑問句，較難分析，變?yōu)殛愂鼍銽hishotelis...，可以看出be后少表語，也就是少offeredyouajob所修飾的名詞，所以選theone，排除A、C；先行詞theone在其后的定語從句中作主語，要用that，不能省略，排除B。第二空是另一個定語從句修飾theone，where代表先行詞在從句中作stayed的地