動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)三 講義 2022屆高考英語語法 教師版

PAGE12022屆英語語法精講精練微專題（動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)三）教師版考點清單九、一般將來時要點精講1：will/shalldo表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，是最常見的一般將來時表達形式。注意willdo還可以表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的自然規(guī)律；表示臨時性決定或打算，還可以用于“祈使句+and+陳述句”中。例1：Ishallbefreethisafternoon.例2：Mysisterwillbe18nextyear.例3：—Georgephonedwhileyouwereout.—Ok.Iwillphonehimback.例4：Workhardandyouwillsucceed.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.I__________(call)himlater.2.SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyou___________(learn)alotaboutfirefighting3.Asyougothroughthisbook,you________(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarIIhadadifferentexperience.4.(2016·江蘇)Moreefforts,asreported,___________(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.【答案與解析】1.willcall。這里willdo表示臨時性決定或打算。故答案是willcall。2.willlearn。這是于“祈使句+and+陳述句”，陳述部分要求用willdo形式。故答案是willlearn。3.willfind。這是“主將從現(xiàn)”，主句應(yīng)用一般將來時。故答案是willfind。4.willbemade。intheyearsahead表示“未來幾年”，暗示用將來時；同時又是被三一。故答案是willbemade。要點精講2：begoingtodo也是一般將來時表達方式，表示推測時強調(diào)說話有充分依據(jù)，尤指天氣變化。例5：Areyougoingtoplaybasketballafterclass?例6：Lookatthoseblackclouds.Itisgoingtorain.【即時訓練】單句改錯。5.Takeanumbrellawithyou.Lookattheblackcloud,itistorain.【答案與解析】5.to前加going。根據(jù)“Lookattheblackloud,”可知，根據(jù)某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情，用一般將來時begoingtodo的結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案是to前加going。要點精講3：“beaboutto+動詞原形”表示打算或據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它不與表示時間的副詞或其他時間狀語連用。例7：TheEnglisheveningisabouttostart.要點精講4：“beto+動詞原形”表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動作，這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意見。例8：Thereistobeaslideshowthisafternoon.例9：Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.要點精講5：現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive等。例10：IamleavingforTibetonSunday.例11：Whenareyougoingbacktoyourfactory?考點清單十、將來進行時要點精講：將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，常用的時間狀語有bythistimetomorrow等等。例12：Bythistimetomorrow,Iwillbelyingonthebeach.例13：Don'tphonemebetween8:00and10:00.Wewillbehavingclassesthen.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。6.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe_________(teach)aclassatthattime.7.You'dbetternotphonethemanagerbetween7and8tomorrowevening;he________(have)animportantmeetingthen.【答案與解析】6.willbeteaching。將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，at3o’clockthisafternoon是關(guān)鍵。故答案是willbeteaching。7.willbehaving。根據(jù)between7and8tomorrowevening可知，此處是指未來具體時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，故用將來進行時，答案是willbehaving?？键c清單十一、將來完成時要點精講1：一般將來完成時（willhavedone）表示將來某一時間或動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，通常與before或by,bytheendof,bythetime…等結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例14：Bytheendofthismonth,wewillhavestudied10units.例15：Whentheymoveherenextmonth,wewillhavelivedinthecityfor5years.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。8.Onthenextbirthday,Ann_____________(marry)fortwentyyears.9.IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,he__________(save)enoughforausedone.【答案與解析】8.willhavebeenmarried。Onthenextbirthday暗示用將來時，結(jié)合語境“到明年生日，安妮將已經(jīng)結(jié)婚20年”，bemarried表示“已婚”狀態(tài)。故答案是willhavebeenmarried。9.willhavesaved。Bynextmonth是關(guān)鍵，表示將來某一時間或動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。故答案是willhavesaved。要點精講2：過去將來完成時（wouldhavedone）表示將來某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，多與賓語從句和虛擬語氣連用。例16：IthoughtSophiawouldhavetoldyousomething.例17：Ifwehadfoundhimearlierwewouldhavesavedhislife.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。10.(2019·江蘇)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_____________(have)agoodtimetogether.11.Withoutthedoctor'stimelyoperation,thelittlegirl____________(lose)herlife.12.We_____________(put)John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.【答案與解析】10.wouldhavehad。or引導含蓄條件句，句意為：真可惜！你錯過了游覽觀光，否則的話我們會有一段美好時光的。表示與過去事實相反，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavehad。11.wouldhavelost。Withoutthedoctor'stimelyoperation是含蓄條件句，后面表示與過去事實相反，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavelost。12.wouldhaveput。結(jié)合句意“要不是約翰昨天受傷我原本要把他放進比賽名單?！?，前半句表示與過去事實相反，故用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhaveput。考點清單十二、被動語態(tài)要點精講1：“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”是被動語態(tài)最基本形式，動詞時態(tài)的變化主要從be動詞的變化來體現(xiàn)。被動語態(tài)的行為發(fā)出者常由介詞by引導，應(yīng)特別注意這一顯性標志，有時by短語可以省略。被動語態(tài)還可以用于“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例18：Hasthedoctorbeensentfor?例19：Apolicemanisknownbytheclotheshewears.

例20：Goodcaremustbetakenofthebabiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。13.(2017全國Ⅰ卷)Whenfatandsalt_____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.14.(2016·北京)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts_____________(reward)withsuccessintheend.15.Badcustomsandlawsoughtto____________(abandon),sincetheyareinappropriateforthedevelopmentofthesociety.16.Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellastimelyhelp_____________(offer)tousoverthepast2years.【答案與解析】13.areremoved。結(jié)合主句這里表示客觀事實故用一般現(xiàn)在時；結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故答案是areremoved。14.willberewarded。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，同時又是將來行為。故答案是willberewarded。15.beabandoned。分析句子可知，oughttodo為固定搭配，意為“應(yīng)該做某事”，to后跟動詞原形。且abandon與主語Badcustomsandlaws之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)beabandoned。故答案是beabandoned。16.havebeenoffered。根據(jù)后文“overthepast2years”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)；aswellas連接并列主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)其前面部分主語的人稱和數(shù)來確定，主語“Largequantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞”是復數(shù)意義，助動詞用have。故答案是havebeenoffered。要點精講2：被動語態(tài)還可用“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用在口語中，強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果。例21：Theboygothurtwhenhewasridingtoschool.例22：AsIpassedby,myskirtgotcaughtonanail.

【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。17.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIget___________(pay)onFriday.

18.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimeto

get

____________(change)beforetheparty.【答案與解析】17.paid。“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)屬于被動語態(tài)，這里getpaid表示“被支付工資”。故答案是paid。18.changed。“get

changed”是換衣服的意思，“changed”是過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，就像“get

dressed”(穿衣服)和“beseated”(就座)一樣。故答案是changed?？键c清單十三、主動形式表示被動意義要點精講1：“系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)中系動詞主動形式表示被動意義。這些系動詞分三類：①感官類系動詞：look,seem,appear,feel,sound,taste,smell②變化類系動詞：become,turn,come,go,fall,get③保持證明類系動詞：stay,keep,be,remain,prove,turnout例23：Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.例24：Hisdreamofbeingadancerhascometrue.例25：Whathesaidprovedtobecorrectintheend.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。19.Theflowers_________(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.20.Thewater__________(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.21.Withmanytroubleproblems,suchasunemploymentandcrime____________(remain)tobesolved,themayorseemstobeataloss.【答案與解析】19.smelling。_________(smell)sweetinthebotanicgarden作定語；同時smellingsweet是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主動表被動，作定語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故答案是smelling。20.felt。feltcool是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主動表被動；結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是felt。21.remaining。前半句含有withsbdoing結(jié)構(gòu)，remain是不及物動詞，無被動。故答案是remaining。要點精講2：write,read,sell,wear,wash,open,shut等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性，多用于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用主動形式表被動意義。例26：Mypenwritessmoothly.例27：Theplayreadsmoreeasilythanacts.

【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。22.Whydidyoumakethekiteofclothinsteadofpaper?Becausepaper________(tear)easily.23.Whatdoyouthinkofmycomposition?It__________(read)wellexceptforafewspellingmistakes.24.WhatdoyouthinkofmynewT-shirt?Iamsureit__________(wear)verywellandkeepsitsshape.【答案與解析】22.tears。write,read,sell,wear,wash,open,shut等用于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用主動形式表被動意義。故答案是tears。23.reads。write,read,sell,wear,wash,open,shut等用于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用主動形式表被動意義。故答案是reads。24.wears。write,read,sell,wear,wash,open,shut等用于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用主動形式表被動意義。故答案是wears。要點精講3：某些不及物動詞）短語，本身表被動含義，所以它們常用主動形式。如happen,occur,exist，comeout出版,comeintobeing產(chǎn)生,comeabout發(fā)生,breakout爆發(fā),belongto屬于,datefrom=datebackto追溯到,arisefrom由……引起,runout用光等。例28：Whendidtheaccidentoccur?例29：Thebooklyingonthetopoftheshelfbelongstome.例30：Thisyear'seventwilltakeplaceonJune19th,aweekearlierthanusual.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。25.ThisproverbisbasedonanoldEnglishlaw____________(date)backtothe17thcentury.26.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture___________(belong)tothewell-educated.27.Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeaths____________(arise)fromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.28.Nowit__________(occur)tohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.【答案與解析】25.dating。____________(date)backtothe17thcentury作定語；datebackto短語不能用于被動語態(tài)；作定語只能用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故答案是dating。26.belongs。belongto表示“屬于”，不能用于被動語態(tài)。故答案是belongs。27.arising。____________(arise)fromthoseaccidents作定語；arisefrom表示“由……引起”，無被動，作定語只能用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故答案是arising。28.occurred。Itoccurredtosbthat…是固定句型，occur表示“發(fā)生”，不能用于被動語態(tài)。故答案是occurred。要點精講4：measure,weigh表示“測量起來，稱重起來”，后接短語主動表被動；beworthdoing,want/need/requiredoing中動名詞主動表被動；betoblame表示“該受到責備”也是主動表被動。例31：Thisnoveliswellworthreading.例32：Thepondmeasuresabout2metresacross.例33：Theclassroombadlyrequirescleaning.例34：Which

driver

was

to

blame

for

the

accident?

【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。29.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed___________(repair). 30.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__________(blame).31.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand___________(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.【答案與解析】29.repairing/toberepaired。repairing/toberepaired。want/need/requiredoing=tobedone需要做某事。故答案是repairing/toberepaired。30.toblame。betoblame表示“該受到責備”，不定式主動形式表示被動意義。故答案是toblame。31.weighing。measure,weigh表示“測量起來，稱重起來”，后接短語主動表被動；___________(weigh)lessthan40pounds和undertheageoffour作并列定語。故答案是weighing。要點精講4：在“be+形容詞+不定式短語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式主動形式表被動意義。例35：Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.例36：Thebabyisnoteasytolookafter.【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。32.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant__________(deal)with.33.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_________(breathe).34.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier__________(break)intosmallpieces.【答案與解析】32.todeal。不定式用于be+adj+todo構(gòu)成的反射不定式，不定式主動形式表示被動意義。故答案是todeal。33.tobreathe。不定式用于be+adj+todo構(gòu)成的反射不定式，不定式主動形式表示被動意義。故答案是tobreathe。34.tobreak。本句是形容詞短語作賓語補足語，暗含be+adj+todo構(gòu)成的反射不定式，不定式主動形式表被動意義。故答案是tobreak。好題再練（一）高考真題【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It______________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.2.(2020··全國I卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit__________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).”3.(2020·天津卷)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand______________(remain)aroundthatlevelsince.4.(2020·全國III卷)Theartistwassurehewould______________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.5.(2020·北京卷)Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey___________(throw)away.6.(2019·江蘇卷)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals___________(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.7.(2019·天津卷)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.8.(2018·江蘇卷)Hopefully

in

2025

we

will

no

longer

be

e-mailing

each

other,for

we______________(develop)moreconvenientelectroniccommunication

tools

by

then.9.(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho______________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.10.(2020·浙江卷)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood______________(need).【答案】1.wasbuilt2.means;isconstructed3.hasremained4.bechosen5.arechosen6.willhavebeeninstalled7.wouldhaveaccomplished8.willhavedeveloped9.hadbeentrapped10.wasneeded好題再練（二）高考真題【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。11.Don'tcallmeatninetomorrowbecauseI______________(study)atthelibrarythen.12.Therearemanydictionarieshere,butwhichone_____________(belong)toyou?13.Theteachersaid,“Jerry,Ihopeyou______________(be)morecarefulnexttime.”14.MytrainarrivesinShanghaiat10thismorning.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromthere______________(leave)bythen.15.Breakfast______________(serve)between7:00and8:00tomorrowmorning,we'dbettergetupearly.16.Yourpassport______________(return)toyouwhenyoucheckoutofyourhotel.17.Researchfindingshaveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecan_____________(classify)as“nightowls.”18.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan____________(carry)outinthefollowingtwoyears.19.—DidyouinviteSarahtoyourbirthdayparty?—Sorry,Iforget.I________