人教版英語必修5課時(shí)作業(yè)Unit1Greatscientists單元綜合

Unit1單元綜合AWashington,D.C.BicycleTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

Duration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.fortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.1.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalBStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneof

Stein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺(tái)).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslike

Stein

to

makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshoppers

to

purchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergy

to

produceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeugly

to

lookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofall

garbage

onthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplasticbaguseitcancelsout.However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergy

to

make.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(質(zhì)疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshoppers

to

usethesamereusablebagsforyears.1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales. B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks. D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.2.Whatdoestheword"headwinds"inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags. B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage. D.Plasticbagshungintrees.3.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive. B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags. D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeither B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAway D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControlCAsweallknow,StephenHawkingwritesthebookABriefHistoryofTimethatexplainstheoriginoftheuniverse.Thebookspent147weeksonTheNewYorkTimesBestSellerListandhassold10millioncopies.Heis,mostagree,verysmart.

InhisrecentlypublishedautobiographyMyBriefHistory,Hawkingoffersfourlifelessonsonhowtobeeagenius.

（1）Don'tmissopportunitiesbybeingtoocool“Weshowedanairofpleteboredomandthefeelingthatnothingwasworthmakinganeffortfor.Oneresultofmyillnesshasbeentochangeallthat.Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandthattherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.MSeizethemoment,asOxfordwouldsay.

(2)Keepitsimple

WhenwritingABriefHistoryofTime,hetriedtomakescienceunderstandablefortherestoftheUS.

“Iwassurethatnearlyeveryoneisinterestedinhowtheuniverseoperates,butmostpeoplecannotfollowmathematicalequations(數(shù)學(xué)公式).”Hehastroublewiththem,too.“Thisispartlybecauseitisdifficultformetowritethemdown,butmainlybecauseIdon'thaveaninbornfeelingforequations.Myaiminthebookwastodescribethesementalimagesinwords.Itissuchaneasybookthateverybodycanunderstandit.”Themoral:youdon’thavetobeageniustoknoweverything.

(3)Havefun

Hawkinghasalonghistoryofbeingajoker,andhehasplacedlotsofbetswithotherscientistsonthenatureofblackholes.OnewaswithCalTechscientistJohnPreskill.AfterpayingoffhisbetbygivingPreskillabaseballencyclopedia,Hawkingwrote,“ButmaybeIshouldhavejustgivenhimtheashes.”Solightenup!Geniuseslikebadjokestoo.

(4)Alwayslookforasilverlining（evenifyouareseriouslyill)

Hawking'sdiseasehasslowlyrobbedhimoftheabilitytowalk,movehisarms,evenspeakButHawkingsays.“InsomewaysIguessmydisabilityhasbeenanassist:Ihaven'thadtolectureorteachstudents,andIhaven'thadtositinmeetings.SoIhavebeenabletodevotemyselfpletelytoresearch.”Inotherwords,Hawkingwasgivenlemons，andhemadeChampagne.

1.ThepassagetellsusthefactsaboutABriefHistoryofTimeEXCEPTthat .

A.itexplainedtheoriginoftheuniverse

B.ithassold10millioncopiesuptonow

C.itspent147weeksonTheNewYorkTimesBestSellerList

D.itincludedHawking'sfourlifelessonsonhowtobeeagenius

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisguidingyoutobeagenius?

A.Placelotsofbetswithyourfriends.

B.Seizethemomenttolearneverything.

C.Findsomethinggoodeveninbadsituations.

D.Gettoknoweverythingincludingmathematicalequations.

3.Hawkingshowshisviewpointby .A.makingparisons

B.quotingafamoussaying

C.listingthenumbersandequations

D.talkingabouthisownexperience

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Hawkingwasunabletowalkgradually.

B.Hawkingtriedtomakephysicsunderstandable.

C.Mostpeoplethinkheisn’tsmartenough.

D.Hehasbeenabletodevotehimselftomaths.D

ThetraditionalBritishpubispartofthesceneryofBritishlife.Atthelastcount,therearearound50,000ofthemintheUK.Theoldest—YeOldestFightingCocksinSt.Albans—wassetupinabout793.

Becauseoftheirabundance,thenamespubstakearedesignedtobememorable,butmorethanthat,theyaredesignedtobevisual.Outsideanytraditionalpubworthyofitstitle,you'llfindahangingsignboardwithauniqueillustration(插圖)thatrepresentsthenameofthebusiness.Thepracticeissowellestablishedthatevennewpubscopyit.Butwhydotheyexistatall?

ThefirstBritishpubsignswerecreatedinthe12thcenturyandweresimplerepresentationsofbeercontainersandotherbrewingrelatedequipmentusedtoinformpassersbythatestablishmentssoldbeer.ThiswasBritaininthedarkages,wheneducationwasinshortsupply.Sincemostofthepopulationwereunabletoread,pubsignswereusedtoinformwouldbecustomersthattheycouldfindadrinkinside.

Theearliestusesofpubnameswouldreferencethesigndirectly.Peoplewouldarrangetomeetat

"thesignoftheEagleandChild"ratherthanat"theEagleandChild".

Todaythetraditionremainsunchangedlargelyoutofrespectforthepast,butmanypubsignsdohavesomefunctionality.Remotecountrypubsoftenusesignboardstopointthewaytotheirdoors.It’sapartofBritishculturethat’srapidlydisappearing—morethan20,000pubshaveclosedsince1980—butfornowtherearestillmorethanenough.Youcantakeamomenttoappreciatethehistoryandsymbolismbehindapub\ssignthenexttimeyouseeone.1.WhatisspecialaboutBritishpubsigns?

A.Theycopyfamousart.

B.TheyshowBritishlife.

C.Theyhaveuniquepictures.

D.Theyincludethehistoryofthepub.

2.ThefirstBritishpubsignswere

mainly

usedto

________.

A.inspirepassersbyB.informpassersby

C.educatepassersbyD.entertainpassersby

3.ModernBritishpubsignsaredifferentfromtheearliestonesintheir_________.

A.sizeB.styleC.materialD.purpose

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.ThehistoryofBritishpubs.

B.TheimportanceofBritishpubsigns.

C.ThedevelopmentofBritishpubsigns.

D.WhyBritishpubsareunpopularnowadays.ThingsYouShouldStopDoingtoBeSuccessfulAreyouahappyperson?Howoftendoyouthinkofreasonswhyeveryonearoundyouissuccessfulthoughtheyarenotbetterthanyouingeneral?Whatdoyoudowrong?Herearesomethingsyoushouldstopdoingtobesuccessful.①__________Differentpeoplemayinterpret(解說)“success”indifferentways:someofthemmeasureitinmoney,otherones—inpositivechangestopeoplearoundthemandtheworldingeneral.②__________Don’tworryaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkbuteafterwhatmakesyouhappy.Donotbelieveanythingwithoutquestioningit.③__________Theyarecritical(批判性的)thinkers,andtheyunderstandthatweallareruledbyourprejudices,sotheywillalwaysquestionnewinformation.Donotworryaboutallunpredictablethingsthatmayhappentoyou.Ifyouwanttobesuccessful,stopthinkingabouteverythingthatMAYhappentoyou.

④__________Bereadytoimproveandchangeyourdeedsanddecisionswhenthingssuddenlydon’tgoaccordingtoyourplan.Donotcareaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou.⑤__________Yourattemptstobee“good”foreveryonewillturnintonothingbutnewworries,stresses,andproblems.Successfulpeopledonotconcentrateonthequantityofpeopletoplease,butworryabouttheirqualityandfocusondevelopingfriendshipswithpeopletheyreallycareabout.A.Donotwaitforthe“righttime”todoanything.B.Donotletothersdecidewhat“success”isforyou.C.Successfulpeopledonotjustacceptanynewinformationtobetrue.D.Asfarasweallknow,it’simpossibletopleaseallthepeoplewhosurroundus.E.Successfulpeopleneverignoreoravoidproblems,nomatterhowbigandawfultheyseem.F.Ifyouwanttobesuccessful,donotletothersforcetheirinterpretationofsuccessonyou.G.Trytofeelfortablewiththerealityandacceptthefactyourfuturecan’tbepredicted.

Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull

1

ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot

2

onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthority(權(quán)威)astheonly

3

fortruth.Healways

4

ideascarefullyandmakesexperimentstoprovethem.

Theriseof

5

sciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto

6

asfarbackasthe

7

ofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopher(哲學(xué)家)ofOxford,wholived

8

theyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddle

9

tosuggestthatwemustlearnscience

10

observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself

11

manyimportantdiscoveries.

Galileo,however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater(1564?1642),wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen,

12

inItaly,France,Germany,orEngland,beganby

13

toshowhowmanyimportant

14

couldbediscoveredbyobservation.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore

15

towardstheearththansmallones,

16

Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe

17

oftheleaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo

18

stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo'sscience

19

of

goingdirecttoNature,andprovingour

20

andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.

1.A.use

B.time

C.speed

D.trust

2.A.worked

B.based

C.lived

D.written

3.A.reason

B.cause

C.advice

D.result

4.A.thinks

B.checks

C.has

D.learns

5.A.natural

B.physical

C.ancient

D.modern

6.A.date

B.keep

C.look

D.take

7.A.study

B.time

C.year

D.birth

8.A.both

B.each

C.between

D.among

9.A.Schools

B.Ages

C.Days

D.Countries10.A.in

B.with

C.on

D.by

11.A.did

B.made

C.took

D.gave

12.A.who

B.when

C.that

D.where

13.A.ways

B.degrees

C.levels

D.chance

14.A.truths

B.problems

C.people

D.subjects

15.A.slowly

B.rapidly

C.lightly

D.heavily

16.A.although

B.because

C.when

D.if

17.A.place

B.foot

C.top

D.ceiling

18.A.big

B.small

C.equal

D.unequal

19.A.spirit

B.skill

C.theory

D.discovery

20.A.plans

B.opinions

C.world

D.ability

C.V.Raman,agreatIndianphysicist,wasbornin1888.Hisfatherwasalecturerinmathandphysics,soC.V.Ramanwasexposed

①__________scientificthingsfromanearlyage.He②__________(attend)PresidencyCollegein1902,gettinghisBAin1904andMAin1907.Thoughhewasabrilliantstudent,thereweren’tmany③__________(chance)forscientistsinIndiaatthattime.④__________,afterfinishinghisstudies,hewenttoworkfortheIndianFinanceDepartmentandcarriedouthisexperimentalresearchonacoustics(聲學(xué)).

He⑤__________(offer)aprofessorshipinphysicsattheUniversityofCalcuttain1917andstayedforthenext15years,⑥__________(achieve)fameforhisresearchthere.In1930,hewontheNobelPrizeforhisworkonthescatteringoflight.Ramanfound

⑦_(dá)_________lightpassesthroughatransparent(透明的)sampleofasubstance,mostofthelightremainsunchangedbutasmallpartofithas⑧__________(differ)wavelengths.Thislateris⑨__________(know)astheRamaneffectandisusefulforphysicalandchemical⑩__________(analyse)ofgases,liquidsandsolids,includingbiologicaltissue.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及二個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

MynameisAnn.I’vebeeninChinainafewyears.WiththehelpofLiHua,agoodfriendofmine,I'vebeenusedtoliveinChina.LiHua,likeothergirl,isbeautifulandlively.Webecamefriendsafterwemeeteachotherafewyearsago.AlthoughherEnglishisn‘teasytounderstand,butweenjoychattingandweusuallytalkalotaboutmyfavoritebooks.We’rebothsurprisingthatChinesecultureandAmericanculturearesuchdifferent.NowweareplanningnicepartyfornextSunday.There,IwillintroduceLiHuatomyfriends,whomalsohavegreatinterestinChineseculture.假設(shè)你是某國際中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華，校長(zhǎng)Mr.White打算請(qǐng)?位著名科學(xué)家到你校演講，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給他寫一封信，建議邀請(qǐng)馬丁?卡普拉斯(MartinKarplus)教授。馬丁?卡普拉斯簡(jiǎn)介美國理論化學(xué)家，1930年3月15日出生于奧地利，現(xiàn)在是哈佛大學(xué)（HarvardUniversity)的一名化學(xué)教授。推薦理由1.卡普拉斯方程（Karplusequation)就是以他的名字命名的；2.他和其他兩位同事共同獲得2013年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。注意：1.詞數(shù):100左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連賢；3.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯:理論的theoretical;同事colleagueDearMr.White,Iheardthatyouareplanningto________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yourssincerely,LiHua答案以及解析A答案：1.A；2.D；3.D解析：本文是一篇廣告應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了騎自行車到Washington,D.C.旅游的四中路線的相關(guān)行程及注意事項(xiàng)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.中的Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability可知，這個(gè)騎行項(xiàng)目需要提前預(yù)約。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.中的KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.可知，在這個(gè)活動(dòng)中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.可知，所有騎行者都要裝備反光背心和安全手電筒。故選D。點(diǎn)睛：本篇文章最容易出錯(cuò)的題是1題，究其原因是不熟悉詞匯reserve的詞義：預(yù)約。inadvance意為：提前。因此，高考前熟悉詞匯和短語是重中之重的事情。Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear在有效期和櫻花消失前預(yù)約。B答案：1.D;2.A;3.D;4.A

解析：1.D〔提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用StevenStein是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品片不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對(duì)地球有害.是對(duì)塑料袋被禁用的解釋和爭(zhēng)論,故選D?！?/p>

2.A〔提示:詞義猜測(cè)題。上文介紹在許多美國大城市塑料袋被禁用.看到這種現(xiàn)狀,塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用StevenStein等科學(xué)家是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對(duì)地球有害。headwinds"逆風(fēng)",此處指塑料袋被禁用的現(xiàn)狀,即Bansonplasticbags,故選A?！?/p>

3.D〔提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生產(chǎn)商認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)耐用且能重復(fù)使用的袋子需要更多的能源,故選D?！?/p>

4.A〔提示:主旨大意題。文草講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題。紙袋容易回收,但生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸需要更多的能源,希望消費(fèi)者使用耐用可重復(fù)使用的袋子,Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文,又能吸引讀者.最適合作為標(biāo)題.故選A?！矯答案：DCDA解析：1.D〔提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題u根據(jù)文章的整體理解可知，在科學(xué)家霍金的MyBriefHistory而不是ABriefHistoryofTime這本書里介紹了霍金是如何鍛煉成天才的，故答案為D項(xiàng).,〕

2.C〔提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后段標(biāo)題“Alwayslookforasilverlining(evenifyouareseriouslyill)”，并結(jié)合最后一段的整體理解可推知.在困境中看到陽光的一面有利于人們發(fā)展成為天才，故答案為C項(xiàng)?！?/p>

3.D〔提不:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“InhisrecentlypublishedautobiographyMyBriefHistory,Hawkingoffersfourlifelessonsonhowtobeeagenius.”可推知，霍金的這本介紹如何成為天才的書是一本自傳體書，因此他卞要是通過自己的經(jīng)歷來闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)的，故答案為D項(xiàng)。〕

4.A〔提示：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Hawking’sdiseasehasslowlyrobbedhimoftheabilitytowalk…”可知選A?！矰答案：1.C;2.B;3.D;4.C

解析：1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Outsideanytraditionalpubworthyofitstitle,you'llfindahangingsignboardwithauniqueillustration(插圖)thatrepresentsthenameofthebusiness"可知,英國酒吧標(biāo)牌的獨(dú)特之處在于上面都有代表店名的獨(dú)一無二的插圖。故選C.

2.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Sincemostofthepopulationwereunabletoread,pubsignswereusedtoinformwouldbecustomersthattheycouldfindadrinkinside"可知,最初英國酒吧的標(biāo)牌主要是用來通知潛在的顧客進(jìn)店喝一杯的。故選B。

3.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的"Todaythetraditionremainsunchangedlargelyoutofrespectforthepast,butmanypubsignsdohavesomefunctionality"可知,現(xiàn)代英國酒吧的標(biāo)牌實(shí)用性更強(qiáng)。所以現(xiàn)代酒吧標(biāo)牌的使用目的與以前不同。故選D。

4.考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了英國酒吧標(biāo)牌的發(fā)展,故選C。答案：B;F;C;G;D解析：本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了為了取得成功,應(yīng)該停止做的四件事1.B此處是本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)其他小標(biāo)題的句式及該段落中的首句和最后一句可以推知B項(xiàng)符合語境。2.F根據(jù)上文中的"Differentpeoplemayexplain‘success,indifferentways"和下文中的"Don’tworryaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkbutgoafterwhatmakesyouhappy”可知應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。3.

C根據(jù)小標(biāo)題"Donotbelieveanythingwithoutquestioningit"和C項(xiàng)中的"notjustacceptanynewinformationto

betrue”與該段中的"questionnewinform?ation"相呼應(yīng)可知,此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。4.G本段主要講的是要擔(dān)心可能會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上的預(yù)見的事情",根據(jù)空前講的"如果你想要成功,就不要去想任何或許會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上的事情”可知,這里應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說明,故選G項(xiàng)。5.

D根據(jù)小標(biāo)題"Donotcareaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou"及D項(xiàng)中的"pleaseallthepeople"與該段中的"thequantityofpeopletoplease"相呼應(yīng)可知,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。答案：1.A;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.D;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.D;11.B;12.A;13.B;14.A;15.B;16.B;17.C;18.D;19.A;20.B

解析：1.A〔提示:makefulluseof充分利用。句意為“他允分利用他所巧察到的事實(shí)。”。〕

2.B〔提示:bebasedon/upon以....為基礎(chǔ):基于....。句意為“他從不接受沒杏依據(jù)于觀察事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上的理論。”?！?/p>

3.A〔提示:根據(jù)句子意思.此處是指“不能接受某種權(quán)威來說真理的合法性”,應(yīng)用reason。〕

4.B〔提示:checkv.證明無誤,核對(duì)無誤。句意為“他總是認(rèn)真核實(shí)想法并通過做實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明它們?！薄！?/p>

5.D〔提示:根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以判斷出,在此處是要表達(dá)modernscience(現(xiàn)代科學(xué))的意思?！?/p>

6.A〔提示:dateback是間定同組,意為“回溯至”?！?/p>

7.B〔提示:根據(jù)文意判斷,此處用time(時(shí)代,年代)?！?/p>

8.C〔提示:根據(jù)文意判斷,此處用between與and連用,表示“在...和...之間”〕

9.B〔提示:theMiddleAges意為“中世紀(jì),中古時(shí)代”?！?/p>

10.D〔提示:表示通過某種方式用by。根據(jù)文意判斷我們必須通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來研究在我們周圍的事物進(jìn)而得知科學(xué)?！?/p>

11.B〔提示:makeadiscovery為固定搭配?！?/p>

12.A〔提示:who在此引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞greatmen,且在從句中充當(dāng)主語成分,指人?！?/p>

13.B〔提示:bydegrees為固定詞組,意為“逐漸地”,相當(dāng)于gradually?！?/p>

14.A〔提示:truth意為“事實(shí),真理,原理