2019高考英語：閱讀理解(含解析解析)(預(yù)測第4集)

2019高考英語：閱讀理解(含解析解析)(預(yù)測第4集)(第1篇)IfyoutraveltoanewexhibitattheSanFranciscoConservatoryofFlowers,youwillhavechancestoseesomemeat-eatingplants.Takebladderworts,akindofsuchplant,forexample.Theyappearsosmallandgrowinaquietpond.Butthesearethefastest-knownkillersoftheplantkingdom,abletocaptureasmallinsectin1/50ofasecondusingatrapdoor!Oncethetrapdoorclosesonthevictim,theenzymes(酶)similartothoseinthehumanstomachslowlydigesttheinsect.Whendinnerisover,theplantopensthetrapdoorandisreadytotrapagain.Meat-eatingplantsgrowmostlyinwetareaswithsoilthatdoesn’toffermuchfoodvalue.Insuchconditions,theseamazingplantshavedevelopedinsecttrapstogettheirnutritionalneedsoverthousandsofyears.NorthAmericahasmoresuchplantsthananyothercontinent.Generallyspeaking,thetrapsmayhaveattractiveappearancetofooltheeye,likepitcherplants,whichgettheirnamebecausetheylooklikebeautifulpitchers(acontainerlikeabottle)fullofnectar(花蜜)、TheAsianpitcherplant,forexample,hasbrightcolorsandanattractivehalf-closedlid.Curiousinsectsaretemptedtocomecloseandtakeasip,andthenslidedowntheslippery(光滑的)slopetotheirdeaths.Hair-likegrowthsalongthepitcherwallsensurethatnothingcabescape,andthedigestiveenzymescangettowork.Atinyinsectcanbedigestedinafewhours,butaflytakesacoupleofdays.Someofthesepitchersarelargeenoughtoholdtwogallons.Meateatingplantsonlyeatpeopleinsciencefictionmovies,butsometimesabirdorothersmallanimalswilldiscoverthatapitcherplantisn’tagoodplacetogetadrink.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些特別的植物——靠捕食動(dòng)物獲得生長所需養(yǎng)分的“食肉植物”。1、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthatbladderwortscan________.A.capture50smallinsectsinasecondB.captureaninsectintheshortesttimeC.befoundfloatingonaquietlakeD.digestaninsectin1/50ofasecond[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段指出，bladderworts能在1/50秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)捕獲一只小昆蟲，是植物中的捕獲動(dòng)物速度最快的，因此選B。[答案]B2、Ifthetrapdoorofameateatingplantisclosed,theplant________.A.isfoolinginsectsintotakingasipB.isproducingnectarC.istemptinginsectstocomecloseD.isenjoyingadinner[解析]細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。第二段說，一旦“陷阱門”將獵物關(guān)起來，類似于人胃里的那些消化酶就開始慢慢地消化它了，由此判斷D正確。[答案]D3、Meateatingplantscangrowinwetandpoorsoilbecausethey________.A.cangetnutritionfromanimalsB.don’tneedmuchfoodvalueC.canmakethemostofsuchconditionsD.havedevelopeddigestiveenzymes[解析]推理判斷題。這些植物生長在潮濕貧瘠的土壤中，為獲得生長所需的養(yǎng)分，在數(shù)千年的進(jìn)化中，它們演化出了捕獲昆蟲的“陷阱”，由此推出它們主要從動(dòng)物中獲取養(yǎng)分，而不是從土壤中獲取養(yǎng)分。[答案]A4、WhichofthefollowingisthepictureoftheAsianpitcherplant?[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第【四】【五】六段可知亞洲捕蟲草主要有這些特征：狀如水瓶，顏色鮮亮，有半掩的蓋子，綜合此三項(xiàng)可知，只有A項(xiàng)最適宜。[答案]A5、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.SouthAsiahasthemostmeateatingplants.B.Someofthemeateatingplantscaneveneatahuman.C.Hairlikegrowthsintheplantshelptrapinsects.D.Thetrapsoftheseplantshaveadullcolor.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段最后一句可知，北美洲的食肉植物最多，故A錯(cuò)。從最后一段中的第二句可知，食肉植物是不吃人的，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。從文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，這些須狀的東西可以防止小昆蟲逃跑，故C項(xiàng)正確。從文章第四段可知，食肉植物為了吸引昆蟲一般有漂亮的外形，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。[答案]C(第2篇)Afteryearsofresearchandtesting,thehybridcarwasdevelopedandputonthemarket.It’saninterestingandexcitingnewimprovementintoday’sworldaswelookforbetterwaystoprotectthequalityoftheairwebreatheandconserveournaturalresources.Thequalityofourairisaffectedbymanydifferentthings.Butoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollutionistheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoalandgasolinewhichisusedtopoweracar’sengine.TheEPAhassetnationalstandardstohelpcontrolthelevelofharmfulpollutantssentoffintotheair,andtheautomobileindustryhasactedbyproducingahybridcarthatuseslessgasandthereforecauseslesspollution.Ahybridcarisacombinationofaregularcarthatrunsongasolineandanelectriccarthatisbatterypowered.Somepeopletendtothinkthatsincethehybridcarispartiallyelectric,youhavetoplugitintochargeit.Butthat’snothowitworks.The144voltbatterypackisactuallyrechargedthroughtheenergythatisproducedwhenthecar’sbrakesareused.Thisisreferredtoas“regenerativebraking”,becauseitgenerateselectricity.Althoughthehybridcarstillrunsongasolinemostofthetime,thishelpsituselessgasthanaregularcar.Whenthedriverstopsatatrafficlight,theengineautomaticallyshutsofftosavefuel.Then,assoonasthedriverputsthecaringearandtouchesthegaspedal,theenginestartsbackup.Haveyoueverriddeninacarwithsomeonewhoranoutofgas?Thatprobablywouldn’thappenifyouwereridinginahybridcar.Itflashesawamingonitscomputerscreenthatsays,“Iamlowongas”.Whenitcompletelyrunsout,thewarningreads，“YOUARENOWOUTOFGAS！”Thentheelectricpowersupplykicksintoletthedrivertravelafewmoremilestoagasstation.[語篇解讀]本文主要介紹了一種新型汽車hybridcars的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和生產(chǎn)這種汽車的原因。1、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thehybridcarwillbeputonthemarket.B.Hybridcarsrunfasterthanregularcars.C.Whenthehybridcarstopsatatrafficlight,thedriverwillgetawarning.D.Theburningoffossilfuelsisoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollution.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Butoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollutionistheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoalandgasolinewhichisusedtopoweracar’sengine.”可知答案。[答案]D2、Accordingtothepassage,theword“hybrid”refersto________.A.ahightechdiscoveryB.energysavingC.anewinventionD.acombinationoftwothings[解析]詞義猜想題。由文章的第三段的第一句“Ahybridcarisacombinationofaregularcarthatrunsongasolineandanelectriccarthatisbatterypowered.”可知答案。[答案]D3、“Regenerativebreaking”isanimportantprocessofthehybridcarbecause________.A.itallowsthecartocometoaquickstopB.itgivesthedriverasmootherrideC.itproducesenergytochargethebatteryD.itcancontrolthespeedofthecar[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章的第三段的“The144voltbatterypackis...becauseitgenerateselectricity.”可知答案。[答案]C4、WhichofthefollowingisrightabouttheEPA?A.Theydesignedhybridcars.B.Theyoutlawed(宣布……為不合法)theburningoffossilfuels.C.Theysetimportantguidelinesthathelpcontrolpollution.D.Theirmainpurposeistoprotectendangeredplantsandanimals.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章的第二段的第三句可知答案。[答案]C5、Whichofthefollowingisthereasonfordevelopinghybridcars?A.Theyuselessgasthanregularcars.B.They’resafertodrivethanmostcars.C.They’remoremodernthanothercars.D.Theycostlessthanregularcars.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的第一句“Althoughthehybridcarstillrunsongasolinemostofthetime，thishelpsituselessgasthanaregularcar.”可知答案。[答案]A(第3篇)Bananasareoneoftheworld’’sleaves.Farmersputanti-fungalchemicalsontheircropsuptoonceaweek.Anotherfungaldiseaseismoreserious.Panamadiseaseattackstherootsofthebananaplant.Thereisnochemicaltreatmentforthisdisease.Infectedplantsmustbedestroyed.PanamadiseasehasaffectedcropsinSoutheastAsia,AustraliaandSouthAfrica.ThereisconcernthatitmayspreadtobananasgrownintheAmericas.ThiscouldthreatenanimportantexportproductforCentralandSouthAmerica.TheInternationalNetworkfortheImprovementofBananaandPlantainsupportsresearchonbananas.ThegrouphasheadquartersinFranceandotherofficesinthemajorbanana-growingareasoftheworld.Thegroupsaysthatmoreresearchmustbedonetodevelopimprovedkindsofbananas.Thegroupsaysthatfungaldiseasesmainlyaffectonlyonekindofbanana.Infact,therearefivehundreddifferentkindsofbananas.FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationshassaidthattheCavendishbananarepresentsonly10%ofworldproduction.TheU、N.agencysaysfarmersshouldgrowdifferentkindsofbananas.Thisprotectsagainstdiseasesthataffectonlyonekind.ExpertswarnthatdiseasemaycausetheCavendishbananatodisappear.Thishappenedearliertoanotherpopularbananabecauseofitsgeneticweaknessagainstdisease.[語篇解讀]香蕉由于遺傳性的抗病弱點(diǎn)，在不久的將來有的品種可能會(huì)消失。文章列舉了兩種威脅Cavendish香蕉的真菌病，國際組織建議農(nóng)民種植更多種類的香蕉。1、Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A.Bananasaretheworld’smostimportantfoodcrops.B.Therisktoapopularbananashowsneedtogrowotherkinds.C.Therearefivehundreddifferentkindsofbananas.D.Howtogrowbananasindifferentcountries.[解析]主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，文章主要介紹威脅Cavendish香蕉的真菌類疾病，進(jìn)而顯示出種植其他種類香蕉的必要性。故答案為B。[答案]B2、Bananasarethreatenedbydiseasebecause________.A.theygrowfromseedsB.theyareoneofthemostvaluableexportsC.theonlywaytopreventitistoputchemicalsontheirleavesD.theyhavegeneticweaknessesagainstdisease[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，香蕉易受病害威脅是因?yàn)槠溥z傳上的抗病弱點(diǎn)。后文也有表達(dá)。[答案]D3、Panamadisease________.A.doesn’tbelongtofungaldiseaseB.affectstheleavesofbananaplantsC.destroysbananasmoreseriouslythanBlackSigatokadiseaseD.hasspreadtobananasallovertheworld[解析]細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第二句可知這種疾病威脅香蕉作物的根部，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段后三句可知，這種香蕉疾病已影響到東南亞、澳大利亞和南非，有可能傳播到美洲，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由文章前兩段分別對兩種真菌病的描述可知，C項(xiàng)正確。[答案]C4、WecaninferfromParagraph3that________.A.thecenterofthegroupisintheUSB.theCavendishbananacoversonlyasmallpartoftheyieldofbananasC.thekeytosolvingthediseaseistoresearchallkindsofbananasD.eachfungaldiseaseaffectsfivehundreddifferentkindsofbananas[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThegrouphasheadquartersinFrance”可知其中心位于法國，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，應(yīng)對這種疾病的方法是培育改進(jìn)品種，而不是調(diào)查所有的品種，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段第四句可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第三段最后一句可判斷B項(xiàng)正確。[答案]B5、Accordingtothepassage,whichinformationisright?A.TheCavendishbananacanmainlybeimportedfromNorthAmericaandEurope.B.PanamadiseaseaffectstheleavesofCavendishbananaplants.C.TheCavendishbananawon’tdieoutinthefuture.D.TheCavendishbananamakesuponlyonetenthofworldproduction.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)認(rèn)定題。根據(jù)第一段中“theCavendishbananaismostpopularinNorthAmericanandEuropeanmarkets”可知這種香蕉在北美和歐洲市場最受歡送，而不是從這兩個(gè)地區(qū)進(jìn)口，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第二句可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可以判斷D項(xiàng)正確。[答案]D[長難句解讀]Thishappenedearliertoanotherpopularbananabecauseofitsgeneticweaknessagainstdisease.由于天生的抗病弱點(diǎn)，另一種受歡送的香蕉早些時(shí)候滅絕了。becauseof引導(dǎo)原因狀語。注意this指代的是上一句所說的情況。(第4篇)“CanIseemybaby？”thehappynewmotherasked.Whenthebundlewasinherarmsandshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface,shegasped.Thedoctorturnedquicklyandlookedoutofthetallhospitalwindow.Thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears.Timeprovedthatthebaby’’sarms,shesighed,knowingthathislifewastobemisfortunate.Hecriedoutthetragedy,“Aboy,abigboy...calledmeafreak(怪人)、”Hegrewup,handsome.Afavouritewithhisfellowstudents,hemighthavebeenclasspresident,butforthat.Hedevelopedagift,atalentforliteratureandmusic.“Butyoumightcommunicatewithotheryoungpeople，”hismotherblamedhim,butfeltakindnessinherheart.Twoyearswentby.Oneday,hisfathersaidtotheson,“You’’sasecret.”Theoperationwasabrilliantsuccess,andanewpersonemerged.Laterhemarriedandenteredthediplomaticservice.Oneday,heaskedhisfather,“Whogavemetheears?Whogavemesomuch?Icouldneverdoenoughforhimorher.”“Idonotbelieveyoucould，”saidthefather,“buttheagreementwasthatyouarenottoknow...notyet.”Theyearskepttheirsecret,butthedaydidcome.Hestoodwithhisfatheroverhismother’scasket.Slowly,tenderly,thefatherstretchedforthahandandraisedthethick,reddishbrownhairtorevealthemotherhadnoouterears.“Mothersaidshewasgladsheneverletherhairbecut，”hisfatherwhisperedgently,“andnobodyeverthoughtMotherlessbeautiful,didthey？”[語篇解讀]本文講述了一個(gè)感人的故事。兒子天生沒有耳朵，母親將自己的耳朵捐獻(xiàn)給了兒子。母親去世后，父親才將這個(gè)秘密告訴兒子。1、WhydidMothergaspwhenshesawhernewbornbaby?A.Becausehersonhadatinyface.B.Becauseshesawhersoncrying.C.Becausehersonwasbornimperfect.D.Becausehersonwasinherarms.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句話“Thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears.”可知答案。[答案]C2、WhichwordcandescribeMother’sfeelingwhenthesonthrewhimselfintoherarms?A.Nervous. B.Sympathetic.C.Proud. D.Angry.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“Whenherushedhomefromschoolonedayandthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，shesighed，knowingthathislifewastobemisfortunate.”可知答案。[答案]B3、Whogavethesontheears?A.Adoctor. B.Hisfather.C.Hismother. D.Astranger.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章最后可知是母親獻(xiàn)出了自己的耳朵。[答案]C4、Theunderlinedword“reveal”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans“________”、[解析]詞義推測題。父親撥開母親的頭發(fā)，揭示了母親將自己的耳朵捐給兒子的真相，因此，此處reveal是“顯示”的意思。[答案]B5、Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A.Mother’shairB.AnunforgettablememoryC.Whogavemetheears?D.Whoismybestrespectableperson?[解析]標(biāo)題歸納題。是誰給了我耳朵？這是貫穿文章的線索。應(yīng)選C。[答案]C[長難句解讀]Whenherushedhomefromschoolonedayandthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，shesighed，knowingthathislifewastobemisfortunate.Whenhe...arms是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句是shesighed，knowing是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示原因，后面又跟了一個(gè)賓語從句，不定式短語tobemisfortunate作表語，表示他的人生注定不幸。(第5篇)Whentimesgettough,wealllookforwaystocutback.Whenwe’rehungry,weeatathomeinsteadofgoingout.Wetakebusesinsteadoftaxis.Andwewearourolddesignerjeansjustafewmonthslonger.Withcollegeexpensesatall-timehighs,highschoolstudentsareeagertodoanythingtocutthecostofauniversityeducation.Onecost-cuttingproposalistoallowcollegestudentstogetabachelor’’saquestion:Wouldthequalityofundergraduate(本科生)educationsuffer?FewUSuniversitieshaveformallyapproveda“three-yeardegree”model.IdoubtthatmainstreamNorthAmericancollegeswillcarryoutathree-yearcurriculum(課程)anytimesoon.Foronething,mostuniversitiesalreadyallowhighlyqualifiedstudentstograduateearlybytestingoutofcertainclassesandobtaininganumberofcollegecredits(學(xué)分).Inaddition,atfamousuniversities,thecommitteewhodeterminewhichcoursesarerequiredandwhichcoursesareelectivesareunlikelytosuddenly“throwout”onequarteroftherequiredcredits.Professorswillresist“diluting(稀釋)”thequalityoftheeducationtheyoffer.Inmyopinion,aqualityfour-yeareducationisalwayssuperiortoaqualitythree-yeareducation.Acollegeeducationrequiressufficienttimeforastudenttobecomeskilledintheirmajoranddocourseworkinfieldsoutsidetheirmajor.Itisnotagoodideatowaterdowneducation,anymorethanit’snotagoodideatowaterdownmedicine.Ifwewanttohelpstudentsfindtheirwaythroughuniversity,weshouldhelpthemunderstandearlyonwhatknowledgeandskillstheyneedtohaveupongraduation.Weshouldallowstudentstotestoutofasmanycoursesaspossible.Weshouldgivethemachancetoearnmoneyasinterns(實(shí)習(xí)生)inmeaningfulpart-timejobsthatrelatetotheiruniversitystudies,suchasthefive-yearco-opprogramatNortheasternUniversity.[語篇解讀]本文為議論文。作者認(rèn)為把大學(xué)四年的學(xué)制縮短為三年不是一個(gè)好主意，保證足夠的時(shí)間才能保證大學(xué)教育的質(zhì)量。1、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.It’stimetoshortenthelearningprocessB.BestlearningtakesplaceovertimeC.UniversityeducationshouldbewatereddownD.Collegeeducationcallsforreform[解析]主旨大意題。作者認(rèn)為把大學(xué)四年的學(xué)制縮短為三年不是一個(gè)好主意，學(xué)好大學(xué)功課是需要付出時(shí)間的，故B項(xiàng)最正確。[答案]B2、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.mostAmericanuniversitiesareagainstthe“three-yeardegree”modelB.manyfamousUSuniversitiesareconsideringadoptingthe“three-yeardegree”modelC.professorsarewillingtoacceptthe“three-yeardegree”modelD.The“three-yeardegree”modelcanmakecollegelearningmoreefficient[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的FewUSuniversitieshaveformallyapproveda“three-yeardegree”model可知幾乎沒有幾所美國大學(xué)認(rèn)可“三年本科學(xué)位”模式。[答案]A3、InmostUSuniversities，________.A.collegestudentsareofferedtheco-opprogramB.electives’creditsmakeuponequarteroftherequiredcreditsC.allstudentsarerequiredtofinishfour-yeareducationbeforegraduationD.someexcellentstudentscangraduateaheadoftime[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的mostuniversitiesalreadyallowhighlyqualifiedstudentstograduateearly可知特別優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)生可以提前畢業(yè)。[答案]D4、Wecaninferthat________.A.theauthorisacollegeprofessorB.theauthorthinksthecostofauniversityeducationistoohighforpeopletoaffordC.theauthorconsiderstheuniversityeducationqualityveryimportantD.theauthorpaysspecialattentiontotheall-rounddevelopmentofcollegestudents[解析]推理判斷題。在第四段作者給出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，從“Acollegeeducationrequiressufficienttimeforastudenttobecomeskilledintheirmajor...”“Itisnotagoodideatowaterdowneducation”等處可以看出作者非?？粗卮髮W(xué)教育質(zhì)量。[答案]C5、Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n)________、A.explanation B.definitionC.introduction Dment[解析]篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。此題要求學(xué)生推斷文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知第一段是用來引入話題的，故C項(xiàng)最正確。[答案]C(第6篇)IoncehadmyChineseMBAstudentsbrainstormingon“two-hourbusinessplans”.Iseparatedthemintosixgroupsandgavethemanexample:arestaurantchain.Themoreoriginaltheiridea,thebetter,Isaid.Finally,fiveofthesixgroupspresentedplansforrestaurantchains.Thesixthproposedacatering(餐飲)service.ThoughIadmittedthetimelimithadbeendifficult,Iexpressedmydisappointment.Mystudentsweremiddlemanagers,financialanalystsandfinanciersfromstate-ownedenterprisesandglobalcompanies.Theywerenotwithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.ThesceneIjustdescribedcameindifferentformsduringmytwoyears’teachingattheschool.PaperswereoftencopiedfromtheWebandtheHarvardBusinessReview.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupandjustmemorized.Studentsfrequentlysaidthatcopyingisasuperiorbusinessstrategy,betterthaninventingandcreating.InChina，everyproductyoucanimaginehasbeenmadeandsold.Butsofewwell-developedmarketingandmanagementmindshavebeenraisedthatitwillbealongtimebeforemostpeopleintheworldcannameaChinesebrand.Withthisprobleminmind,partnershipswithinstitutionslikeYaleandMIThavebeenestablished.Andthenthere’sthe“thousandtalentscheme”：thisnewgovernmentprogramisintendedtoimprovetechnologicalmodernizationbyattractingtopforeigntrainedscientiststothemainlandwithbigmoney.Buttherea