高考短文改錯2017

Proofreading——短文改錯解題方略河北唐山一中安麗梅2

高考短文改錯是知識和能力的綜合測試題,

詞數(shù)110字左右，多為記敘文，偶爾有應(yīng)用文和說明文。短文改錯考查語言知識的多個方面,主要為詞法、句法、行文邏輯以及語篇結(jié)構(gòu)等，共設(shè)10處錯誤，分值10分。三種改錯形式，

所占比例為：Task1:BriefIntroduction1:1:8一刪一加八處改Task2:AnalysisofNMET考點(diǎn)年份2016201520142013小結(jié)高考新課標(biāo)I四年短文改錯考點(diǎn)分布統(tǒng)計(jì)表11120111111221112120211175745444動詞(v.)名詞(n)連詞(conj.)形容詞(adj.)副詞(adv.)代詞(pron.)冠詞(art.)介詞(prep.)2301111特點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)分布全面,

代詞冠詞介詞一般不重復(fù)考察Task3:How?(DiscoveryofMethods)謂語動詞考點(diǎn)：______________________________________________________1)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.2)Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.3)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.4)Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.時態(tài)語態(tài)〔主被動〕主謂一致情態(tài)動詞助動詞人稱和數(shù)的變化等1.動詞1)謂語動詞考點(diǎn)1.1:thoughtshouldlooks

1.動詞

2)非謂語動詞非謂語三種形式_______________考慮它在句中所作成分與______主語之間的_______關(guān)系.注意:1)and前后一致2)

介詞后接_______

3)動詞賓語ving或者todo要牢記todoving.ved.邏輯主被動考點(diǎn)1.2:ving

1.動詞

2)非謂語動詞1)Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.2)IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.3)Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.4)WiththehelpofKitty,aroommateofmine,I’vesoongotusedtolivewithoutmyparentsaround.takingtaken∧toliving2.冠詞1)Theblogservesasopenplatformwhereyoucandolotsofthings.2)Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.3)Youcannevergetthesecondchancetomakeafirstimpression.4)Atlast,hewasadmittedtoanuniversity.冠詞包括_________注意：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不特指用____,不可數(shù)名詞不特指用______特指都用____.元音因素前不定冠詞是____,固定短語搭配牢記。a/an/the/Xa/anthean考點(diǎn)2:∧anaaX3.名詞名詞分為______名詞和________名詞。可數(shù)名詞有_____和_____。注意：單復(fù)數(shù)判斷依據(jù)：_______________________等關(guān)注常見不可數(shù)名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞，固定短語可數(shù)不可數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)考點(diǎn)3:謂語動詞名詞前限定詞1)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.2)Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultieswehaverememberingthenewwords.3)Agroupofsheepsareeatinggrassandleavesatthefootofthehill.4)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.yearssheepdifficultyhonesty4.形和副形容詞常做___語，____語，_____語等副詞常修飾_______________________注意：形容詞變副詞規(guī)那么，形容詞副詞的比較級最高級。考點(diǎn)4:定表補(bǔ)動詞，副詞，形容詞及句子。1)Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.2)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.3)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.4)Heworkshardlytoachievehisgoal.steadilyworstManyhard5.代詞代詞包含____________________________考點(diǎn)5:人稱,物主,反身,指示,不定代詞1)Atfirst,IthoughtIcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.2)HeborrowedthebookIboughtityesterday.3)Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.4)Theyarethreelessonsinthemorning.myself∧hisThere注意：1)代詞指代的人或事物前后不一致的錯誤.2)

不定代詞或反身代詞的誤用.3)it

特殊句式和形式主語賓語6.介詞介詞：關(guān)注介詞短語以及與其他詞的搭配?？键c(diǎn)6:1)Heneverdreamsbecomingrich.2)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofsociety,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.3)Icarefullytookdownheraddress,phonenumberandthesettimeincaseofIforget.∧of/aboutwith7、連詞連詞包括_____連詞和____連詞。并列連詞主要有____________,附屬連詞引導(dǎo)各類從句如________________________.運(yùn)用從句語法知識修改添加刪除?？键c(diǎn)7:并列附屬and,but,or,so定語從句名詞性從句狀語從句1)WhileIarrivedatthepark,whatcameintosightwerethethickgreengrass.2)Randywasonthelistofthe100peoplehadinfluencedtheworldinTimesMagazinein2007.3)ThetriptoLushannotonlybroadenedmyviews,andalsohelptorelaxafterabusyterm.

When∧whobut8、語篇1))I’vemadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudy,sohardworkisthekeytosuccess.2)Tonysawatoyinashopwindow…Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.3)Probablymostpeopleenjoygettinggiftsfromfriends.Therefore,Ifeelmuchbetteraboutgivinggifts.考點(diǎn)8:關(guān)注上下文，行文邏輯錯誤because/astheHowevertoldTask4Summary詞類考點(diǎn)可否刪除或添加（Y/N）art.(冠詞)prep.(介詞)pron.(代詞)conj.(連詞)v.predicate(謂語動詞)v.non-predicate(非謂語動詞)adv.,adj.(副詞/形容詞)n.(名詞)an/an/the/XY介詞短語，固定搭配Y各種代詞誤用/itY并列連詞附屬連詞(從句)Y時態(tài)語態(tài)情態(tài)主謂一致N/be可添加、刪除todo/ving./ved.N/todo的to

可添加、刪除轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)那么比較級最高級N可數(shù)不可數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)詞性變化N1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性原那么2.四不改原那么3.四改動原那么

Principles:1)單詞拼寫不改2)大小寫不改3)語序不改4)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不改遵循原義同一詞性同一考點(diǎn)不重復(fù)考察以改動最少為原那么一對一原那么步驟1瀏覽短文，弄清大意

改明顯錯誤，標(biāo)記語意不通之處步驟2逐句研讀，逐行改錯步驟3對照考點(diǎn)，逐詞排除步驟4最后復(fù)查，有刪有加18FourStepstoFollow:19Task5:PracticeMakesPerfectPassage1(2015-2016唐山三模average：8.43points)以下是2016年唐山市三?？荚囍心硨W(xué)生的改錯試卷，只改出7處錯誤，得分僅為7分，請運(yùn)用改錯出題原那么及做題技巧幫她得到總分值。DearTom,I’mgladtohearthatyouarecomingforaholidayinourcitythenextmonth.I’msuchhappythatyouwillstayinmyhouse.Therehavebeengreatlychangesinthelastthreeyearinmyhome.First,wehaverebuiltyourhouse,whichnowhasfourprivaterooms.Youcanchooseanyofthemtolivewhenyoucome.Second,myparentshavesetupasmallrestaurantinourvillage,thatyoucaneathealthily.I’mreallywillingtobeyourguidetomakeyourjourneyinterestedandmeaningful.Ifyouhadanyrequests,don’thesitatetoletmeknow.Lookingforwardtohearfromyou.sogreatlyyearswhereinterestinghavehearingour∧inPassage2〔2015-2016石家莊一模average6.5points〕以下是2016年石家莊一?？荚囍心硨W(xué)生的改錯試卷，改出9處錯誤，得分僅為6分，請運(yùn)用改錯出題原那么及做題技巧幫他進(jìn)行二次修改。Asisshowninthepicture,besidesabikestandsMr.Liwithapieceofpaperinhishand.Hewanttoleaveanotetoanownerofthecartoapologizeforhisscratchingthecar.Oursocietyisinbadneedofhonest,whichthispicturevividlyshowsit.Nowadays,peopletroublingwithmassesofdishonestbehaviours,areunwillingtotrustothers,whatoftendisagreementsandconflicts.Luckily,ithasraisedwidepublicconcernbutfirmstepshavetakentoendthisunhealthytrend.Inmyopinion,Mr.Lihassetagoodexampletothepublic,forwhichheshouldbehighpraised.∧itwantedthebadlyhonestywhichandhighlywantstroubled∧beenbesidePassage3(2016河北石家莊質(zhì)檢average7.3points)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號〔∧〕,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔＼