高考英語：選擇題解題指導(dǎo)課件

選擇題解題指導(dǎo)一、命題特點(diǎn)１、純語法題逐年減少，語境題逐年增加。２、知識(shí)覆蓋面廣，題目設(shè)計(jì)靈活多樣。３、某些題目選用了往年高考閱讀理解題中的句子，某些出自詞典。二、單項(xiàng)填空的解題指導(dǎo)要想在短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成20道題且能得到較好的分?jǐn)?shù)，應(yīng)試者首先必須具備扎實(shí)的根底知識(shí)，然后掌握一定的解題技巧。倘假設(shè)這兩點(diǎn)都能做到，就水到渠成了。

〔一〕補(bǔ)全法有時(shí)為了使語言生動(dòng)、自然、簡(jiǎn)潔，經(jīng)常采用省略形式。解題時(shí)要盡可能把省略局部補(bǔ)全，這有助于正確地確定答案。例１、Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.()A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto分析：to的后面省略了ridehisbicycleA(二〕簡(jiǎn)化法命題者有意地在一個(gè)句子中間插入一個(gè)從句、插入語或附加的次要信息，造成主謂隔離。解題時(shí)，如果將題干中的多余局部去掉，題干就會(huì)變得很簡(jiǎn)單，答案就可以迅速找到。例1、Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.()A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellasD.sowell分析:改題考查副詞的同等比較,這一語法現(xiàn)象實(shí)際并不難,但題干中參加了省略形式的插入語(ifnotbetterthan)后,那么加大了迷惑性.如果把插入語去掉,簡(jiǎn)化為Johnplaysfootball_____David.此時(shí)答案就一目了然.B例2.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.()A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play

分析:aswellastelephones是附加信息A例3.Thepersonwespoketo_____noansweratfirst.()A.makeB.makingC.makesD.made

分析:wespoketo是一個(gè)定語從句,將其去掉后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子少了一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞.D

例４.Whodoyouthink___usatalkthisafternoon?()A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving分析:doyouthink是一個(gè)插入語C例５.Thedayswelookedforwardto____atlast.()A.comesB.tocomeC.cameD.coming分析:此題很容易被誤認(rèn)為是一個(gè)介詞to后面要接動(dòng)名詞。實(shí)際上welookedforwardto是一個(gè)定語從句,介詞to已有其相應(yīng)的賓語,是省略了的引導(dǎo)詞，將從句去掉就可看出此題缺少一個(gè)謂語.C(三)把握語境法在一定的語境中進(jìn)行語法知識(shí)和語言知識(shí)的考查,是近年高考英語試題中常見的題目,這就要求考生一定要以語境為切入點(diǎn),認(rèn)真思考,仔細(xì)分析,才能確定正確答案。例1--AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?()--I’mnotsure,I__gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在語境中的的運(yùn)用。如果脫離了具體的語境，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都正確，但根據(jù)答語I’mnotsure可得出答案。D例２、Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.()A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying分析：根據(jù)studied可確定過去Robert在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。A〔四〕找提示詞法對(duì)于有些題來說，假設(shè)找到關(guān)鍵的提示詞〔如but,and,otherwise等〕就會(huì)迎刃而解。例１、Theyareallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.()A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither

分析：but表示轉(zhuǎn)折C例２___itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.()A.WhatleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.LeaveD〔五〕轉(zhuǎn)化法〔復(fù)原法〕高考中一些單項(xiàng)選擇題的測(cè)試點(diǎn)本來十分簡(jiǎn)單,但命題者有意把題干復(fù)雜化,將其改寫成一個(gè)少見或陌生的結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)于這類題,考生可以反其道而行之,把題干復(fù)原成自己熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu),題目就變得簡(jiǎn)單了。1.將倒裝句改成陳述句.

例1.Whomwouldyouratherhave____withyou?()A.togoB.goC.goneD.going分析:此題測(cè)試的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是havesbdosth改寫題干成陳述句,那么應(yīng)是Youwouldratherhavewhom___withyou.B

例2.Never____timecomebackagain.()A.willloseB.willlostC.lostD.willtolose分析:改寫成陳述句后其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Losttimewillnevercomebackagain.B2.將陳述句改為倒裝句。我們首次接觸時(shí)是一個(gè)倒裝句,而命題者恰恰有意地使用陳述句來命題,題目便具有很大的迷惑性。例1、Wehad____lefthomethanitbegantorain.()A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearly分析:Nosooner…..than是一個(gè)大家十分熟悉的句型改寫句型:____hadwelefthomethanitbegantorain.A例2.Wehad____arrivedatthetrainstationwhenthetrainbegantomove.()A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearlyhardly…when,nosoonerthan一…就B３.改被動(dòng)句為主動(dòng)句。例1、Timeshouldbemadegooduse___ourlessonswell.〔〕A.learningB.learnedC.oftolearnD.tolearn改寫句子：Weshouldmakegooduseoftime___ourlessonswell.C例2、Thelittleboywascaught___intheshop.()A.tostealB.stealingC.stealD.stole分析：此題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是catchsbdoingsthB

４、改省略句為一個(gè)完整的句子例1、—Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?----____1982.()A.AfterB.InC.SinceD.From分析：將答語局部改為一個(gè)完整的句子Thisbookshophasbeeninbusiness____1982.什么詞能同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用呢？C例2—Whatmadehermothersoangry?()----____theexam.Becauseshedidn’tpassB.HernotpassingC.Shedidn’tpassD.Becausehernotpassing分析：將答語局部補(bǔ)全應(yīng)為：____theexammadehermothersoangry.可以看出少了一個(gè)主語.B〔六〕逆向思維法逆向思維是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維，它沖破了固有的“思維定勢(shì)”，運(yùn)用逆向思維，在目前靈活多變的高考試題中，可收到意想不到的效果。例：Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as〔〕Information后常接同位語從句。檢查空白后的句子可以確定它是同位語從句，說明information的內(nèi)容。BWasitin1969____theAmericanastronautssucceeded___landingonthemoon?A.when,onB.that,onC.when,inD.that,in2.___someofthisjuice----perhapsyou’lllikeit.A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried3.--Whydoyouwantthebooksomuch?--____,sir.A.StudyingB.StudiedC.StudiesD.Tostudy4.Ifindrecordsare___orbetterthananactualperformance.A.asgoodasB.asgoodC.sowellasD.goodasDBDA5.Isthisschool____youvisitedlastweek?A.thatB.towhichC.theoneD.where6.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then7.Whowillyouhave_____?TorepairthemachineB.repairthemachineC.themachinerepairedD.repairedthemachine8.Itwasonlythen___realizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.A.didheB.couldheC.whenwecouldD.thatwedid9.Thesestoriesweremade_____hisownhead.A.outofB.upofC.intoD.upoutof10.Hehadmadeanotherdiscovery,_____ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkitisB.whichIthinkisC.IthinkthatisD.ofwhichIthinkisCABDDB11.Thecave___verydark,hemadesomecandles___light.A.was;giveB.was;beinggivenC.being;togiveD.being;give12.Whichis____country,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largeC.alargerD.thelarger13.Inmyopinion,itisthebestusethatcouldbe____ofthemoney.A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.spentD.made14.---Waiter!---_________---Ican’teatthis.It’stoosalty.A.Yes,sir?B.What?C.Alltight?D.Pardon?CDDACloseTestMethods&Skills

MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling___36___，butIalwaysknewhewas___37___.Henevercriticizedus,butused___38___tobringoutourbest.He’dsay,“Ifyoupourwateronflowers,theyflourish.Ifyoudon’tgivethemwater,theydie.”

36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned38.A.praiseB.courageC.powerD.warmthI___39___asachildIsaidsomething___40___aboutsomebody,andfathersaid,“___41___timeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,it’sareflectionofyou.”HeexplainedthatIlookedforthebest___42___people,Iwouldgetthebest___43___.39.A.thinkB.imagineC.rememberD.guess40.A.unnecessaryB.unkindC.unimportantD.unusual41.A.AnotherB.SomeC.AnyD.Other42.A.onB.inC.atD.about43.A.incaseB.byturnsC.bychanceD.inreturnIncase:以防萬一Byturns:輪流，依次Bychance:碰巧Inreturn:作為….回報(bào)FromthenonI’vealwaystriedto___44___theprincipleinmylifeandlaterinrunningmycompany44.A.reviseB.setC.reviewD.followDad’salsoalwaysbeenvery___45___.At15,Istartedamagazine.Itwas___46___agreatdealoftime,andtheheadmasterofmyschoolgavemea___47__:stayinschoolorleavetoworkonmymagazine.45.A.understandingB.experiencedC.seriousD.demanding46.A.takingupB.makingupC.pickingupD.keepingup47.A.suggestionB.decisionC.noticeD.choiceIdecidedtoleave,andDadtriedtoswaymefrommydecision,___48___anygoodfatherwould.WhenherealizedIhadmadeupmymind,hesaid,“Richard,whenIwas23,mydad___49__metogointolaw.AndI’ve___50___regrettedit.Iwantedtobeabiologist,___51__Ididn’tpursemy___52__.

48.A.andB.asC.evenifD.asif49.A.helpedB.allowedC.persuadedD.suggested50.A.alwaysB.neverC.seldomD.almost51.A.ratherB.butC.forD.therefore52.A.promiseB.taskC.beliefD.dreamYouknowwhatyouwant.Gofulfillit.”As___53__turnedout,mylittlepublicationwentontobecomeStudent,anation___54__foryoungpeopleintheU.K.MywifeandIhavetwochildren,andI’dliketothinkwearebringingthemupinthesamewayDad___55__me.53.A.thisB.heC.itD.that54.A.newspaperB.magazineC.programD.project55.A.controlledD.comfortedC.remindedD.raised一完形填空考什么？一,詞法及詞義辨析二，固定短語搭配三，上下文邏輯關(guān)系四，文化背景及生活常識(shí)(46,47,48,49,52等〕〔44等〕〔36，37，40，43，45，47，54，55，等〕二當(dāng)前完形填空的特點(diǎn)突出語篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重語境辨析詞意，以實(shí)詞為主題材多為記敘文，敘議結(jié)合。第一句不設(shè)空三，完型填空的能力目標(biāo)要求牢固、扎實(shí)、熟練的英語語法知識(shí)和豐富的英語詞匯知識(shí)。英語閱讀理解能力，良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，熟練的閱讀技巧。分析認(rèn)識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理解領(lǐng)會(huì)文章各局部、各層次之間邏輯關(guān)系的能力。邏輯思維能力。特別是總結(jié)概括、推理判斷和分析歸納的能力。包括情景推理判斷、常識(shí)推理判斷、逆向推理判斷及比較推理判斷等。扎實(shí)的英語詞匯、短語、慣用法等英語固定搭配的知識(shí)。特別是英語詞匯意義和用法的辨析能力。在閱讀中捕捉記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。四完形填空的解題思路總那么：在把握整體的根底上對(duì)句子內(nèi)部的情況進(jìn)行分析跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難，個(gè)個(gè)擊破

1.看清上下文，找準(zhǔn)定位詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時(shí)可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如：1)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery＿＿＿＿＿.

A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的提示，所填入的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反，因此答案為A。五：完形填空解題技巧2)MrsO’Neillasked＿＿＿＿＿questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.moreand是一個(gè)并列連詞；either為副詞，用在否認(rèn)句或否認(rèn)詞后加強(qiáng)語勢(shì)，由此可以確定所填的詞也應(yīng)是一個(gè)否認(rèn)意義的詞，因此答案是A。2.尋求上下邏輯，沉著確定關(guān)系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon＿＿＿＿Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as根據(jù)句前的manyyears和句后的stillremember答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but.3.通順邏輯，尋求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如：

1)Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself＿＿＿＿＿somuchmoney.

A.forB.byC.toD.of表示“自取，隨便拿”這個(gè)意義的短語是helponeselfto…故答案為C2)Andvideocamerascanbeusedto＿＿＿＿＿people’sactionsathome.

A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch句中動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是videocameras因此答案是C，意思是“記錄”。4.扎實(shí)根底，理清辨異SoonIhearda＿＿＿＿＿likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)詞都表示不同的聲音，但B，C，D項(xiàng)的三個(gè)詞都是指從嗓子里發(fā)出的聲音，而sound那么表示各種各樣的聲音。因此答案是A。5.了解生活常識(shí)，確定相關(guān)知識(shí)(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest在這樣的緊急情況下，人們的第一個(gè)反響是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為D。要做好“完形填空”，必須緊緊抓住上下文語境，充分利用上下文語境所提供的線索。上下文語境包括選擇項(xiàng)與所在句子中的語義聯(lián)系，所在句與周圍句群的關(guān)系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及與文章主題思想的關(guān)系等。有些選項(xiàng)根據(jù)上下文就能比較容易地選出，而有些那么必須根據(jù)整篇文章的大意才能做出正確判斷。信息常識(shí)，上下呼應(yīng)，搭配遣詞，邏輯貫通文中無閑句，句中無閑字解題誤區(qū)

做完形