2017高考英語江蘇卷

2021年一般高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）

英語

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答

題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。

2.挑選題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，寫在試

題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。

3.非挑選題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答

題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。

4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。

第I卷

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）

做題時(shí)，現(xiàn)將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到

答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),

并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)學(xué)#科*網(wǎng)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一

小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?

A.ItfsamusingB.ItfsexcitingC.It'sdisappointing

2.HowwillSusanspendmostofhertimeinFrance?

A.Travelingaround.

B.Studyingataschool.

C.Lookingstterheraunt.

3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingzbout?

A.Goingout.

B.Orderingdrinks.

C.Preparingforaparty.

4.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inaclassroom.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookstore.

5.Whatisthemangoingtodo?

A.GoonInternetB.Makeaphonecall.C.Takeatraintrip.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳

選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的

作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?

A.Aninformationoffice.B.ApolicestationC.Ashoerepairshop.

7.WhatistheTownGuideaccordingtotheman?

A.Abrochure.B.Anewspaper.C.Amap.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whatdoesthemansayabouttherestaurant?

A.It'sthebiggestonearound.

B.Itoffersmanytastydishes.

C.It'sfamounsforitsseafood.

9.Whatwillthewomanprobablyorder?

A.FriedfishB.Roastchicken.C.Beefsteak.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WherewillMr.Whitebeat11otlock?

A.AttheofficeB.Attheairport.C.Attherestaurant.

11.WherewillMr.Whiteprobablydoatoneintheafternoon?

A.Receliveaguest.B.Haveameeting.C.Readareport.

12.WherewillMissWilsonseeMr.White?

A.Atlunchtime.

B.Lateintheafternoon.

C.Thenextmorning.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.WhyisBiligoingtoGermany?

A.Toworkonaproject.

B.TostudyGerman.

C.Tostartanewcompany.

14.WhatdidthewomandislikeaboutGemany?

A.Theweather.B.Thefood.C.Theschools.

15.WhatdoesBillhopetodoabouthisfamily?

A.BringthemtoGermany.

B.LeavetheminEngland.

C.Visittheminafewmonths.

16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Fellow-travelers.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhendiditrainlasttimeinJuarez?

A.Threedaysago.B.Amonthago.C.Ayearago.

18.Whatseasonisitnowinjuarez?

A.Spring.B.SummerC.Autumn.

19.Whataretheelderlyadvisedtodo?

A.Takeawalkinafternoon.

B.Keeptheirhomescool.

C.Drinkplentyofwater.

20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?

A.Hostingaradioprogram.

B.Conductingaseminar.

C.Forecastingtheweather.

第二部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

請閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

答案是Bo

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

答案是Bo

21.ManyChinesebrands,theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthe

modernmarket.

A.havingdevelopedB.beingdevelopedC.developedD.developing

22.notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.

A.ItwereB.WereitC.ItwasD.Wasit

23.LocatedtheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.

A.whyB.whenC.whichD.where

24.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,whichbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthened

Dickens-statusasaleadingnovelist.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

25.WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasthebestinherasadoctor.

A.heldoutB.broughtoutC.pickedoutD.givenout

26.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how

27.Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe.

A.wasbeingfollowedB.wasfollowingC.hadbeenfollowedD.followed

28.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.

A.whichB.it'sC.whoseD.whom

29.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smart-phonesdefeatedPCsinsales.

A.controversialB.contractoryC.confidentialD.conventional

30.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpyouryearahead.

A.shapeB.switchC.stretchD.sharpen

31.He'sbeeninformedthatheforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.

A.hasn'tqualifiedB.hadn'tqualifiedC.doesn'tqualifyD.wasn'tqualifying

32.Determiningwherewearepursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.

A.incontrasttoB.indefenseofC.infaceofD.inrelationto

33.------WhatdoesthestuffonyourT-shirtmean?

it'snothing.Justsomething

A.asclearasdayB.offthetopofmyhead

C.undermynoseD.beyondmywildestdreams

34.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But

explanations

arehardtofind.

A.alternativeB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.apparent

35.OoingtowatchtheWomen'sVolleyballMatchonWednesday?

!Willyougowithme?

A.YouthereB.YoubetC.YougotmeD.Youknowbetter

第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）

請閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡

上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

ForalongtimeGabrieldidn'twanttobeinvolvedinmusicatall.Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabriel

wouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,36acrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases.37

atschoolforpracticehours38anyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselfto39music,ashehated

gettingtoschoolextraearly.

_40,oneday,inthemusicclassthatwas_41_ofhisschool\standardcurriculum,hewasplaying

idly（隨意地）onthepianoandfoundit42___topickouttunes.Withasinkingfeeling,herealizedthathe

actually_43—doingit.Hetriedtohidehis_44—pleasurefromthemusicteacher,whohad_45_overto

listen.Hemightnothavethisparticularlywell,_46_theteachertoldGabrielthathehadagood___47—and

suggestedthatGabrielgointothemusicstore-roomtoseeifanyoftheinstrumentsthere_48—him.Therehe

decidedtogivethecello（大提琴）a—49—.Whenhebeganpracticing,hetookitvery_50—.Buthequickly

foundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas_51—topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshe

wasplayingreasonablywell.

This_52_,ofcourse,thathearrivedatschoolearlyinthemorning,_53_hisheavyinstrumentcaseacross

thecampustothe_54—looksofthenon-musicianshehadleft_55_.

36.A.travellingB.marchingC.pacingD.struggling

37.A.risingupB.comingupC.drivingupD.turningup

38.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.since

39.A.betrayB.acceptC.avoidD.appreciate

40.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.ThusD.Moreover

41.A.partB.natureC.basisD.spirit

42.A.complicateB.safeC.confusingD.easy

43.A.missedB.dislikedC.enioyedD.denied

44.A.transparentB.obviousC.falseD.similar

45.A.runB.joggedC.jumpedD.wandered

46.A.becauseB.butC.thoughD.so

47.A.earB.tasteC.heartD.voice

48.A.occurredB.tooktoC.appealedD.heldto

49.A.changeB.chanceC.missionD.function

50.A.seriouslyB.proudlyC.casuallyD.admitted

51.A.committedB.usedC.limitedD.admitted

52.A.provedB.showedC.stressedD.meant

53.A.pushingB.draggingC.liftingD.rushing

54.A.admiringB.pityingC.annoyingD.teasing

55.A.overB.asideC.behindD.out

第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

請閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡

上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

CHRONOLOGICA

------TheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistory

DIDYOUKNOW-

￡In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?

?iWhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?

.TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?

CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime,from

thefoundationofRometothecreationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesof

kingsandqueens,hotairballoons,,,andmonkeysinspace.

Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandledrnwhy

beingaRomanEmperorwasn'talwaysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYears'

Wardidn'tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.

CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory,

beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICA

tellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonand

AlexandertheGreat,thisbookalsogivesabaccountofthelivesof

lesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexploeerMungoParkandsculptor

GutzonBorglum.

Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguaranteedtopresent

eventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomgthingnew!

56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothenext?

A.Abiography.B.Atravelguide.

C.Ahistorybook.D.Asciencefiction.

57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?

A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.

B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.

C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.

D■.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheir

mother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教）,birdscould

ruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdrances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung

tosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）。New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysof

eneringtheworld.

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2021bySoniaKieindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityin

SouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemakeAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverand

overagainwhilehatchingtheirerrs,Whentheerrswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheir

mothers-asoundthatservedastheirregular4tfeedme!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,

anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatedfrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslang

beforeandafterhatching,Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.A

computeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequently

mothershadcalledtotheirerrs,themoresimilarwerethebabies5beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupa

separateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewarded

withthemostfood.

Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的）strengthsof

childrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn."Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,or

doyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?^Kleindorferasks.,5Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingfor

quality.M

58.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"”.

A.betheworstB.bethebest

C.betheasbadD.bejustasgood

59.WhatareKleindorfer^findingsbasedon?

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsmomsandchicks.

B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland\locals.

D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.

60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.

A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftraining

C.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall

c

Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust（反壟斷）

regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Now

similarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants（巨頭）thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.Themost

valuablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.

Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'

successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfrom

chargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryet

moredata）.Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,

changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotarget

advertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisual

recognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies,controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.

Sotheyhavea"God'seyeview“ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.

Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleinto

fivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethink

isrequired-andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.

Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.When

consideringamerger（兼并）,forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.They

nowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets（資產(chǎn)）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.The

purchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakes

place,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.

Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoreto

thosewhosupplythem.

Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.

Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers1consent.

RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovernmentsdon'twantsadataoconomyby

afewgiants,theymustactsoon.

61.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?

A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket

B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata

C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices

D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants

62.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?

A.Datagiants9technologyisveryexpensive

B.Google'sideaispopularamongdatafirms

C.Datacanstrengthengiants'controllingposition

D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts

63.Bypayingattentiontofirms'dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould.

A.killanewthreat

B.avoidthesizetrap

C.favourbiggerfirms

D.chargehigherprices

64.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants'controlofdata?

A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.

B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.

C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.

D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.

D

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarningwillcontinueforsomedecadesafter

CO2emissions（用F放）peak.Soevenifemissionweretobegindecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethe

challengeofadaptingtoclimate.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimate

adaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Weare

thereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy

inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthac^thereisno'one-sizefitall'adaptation.”

Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworldpeopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries,Floodshave

somemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssaw

onlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserverasfloatinglibraries,schools,and

healthclinics,andareequipmentwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicationfacilities.Rezwaniscreating

floatingconnecticity（連體）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmore

fundamentallevel:hisstaffpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensfishpondspreventatarcationduringthewet

season.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.Chewang.Nophellivesina

mountaionousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers（冰川）theredueto

globalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintherivers

attimeswhenitcandamagecrops.NorphePsinspirationcomefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,

whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntil

thespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchice

reserves.Nophelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuing

process,soNorheFsicereserveswillnotlastforever.Wanningwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafew

yearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.

IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses

（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.

WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexample

shouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarming

process.

InPeni,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehave

begunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-giving

ice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear,ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof4100ideastosave

theplanet”.

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmineownsanareaoflandin

westernVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecade

decliningrainfallhasallowshimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadapting

likethis-eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense,

Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattleto

controlcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusiness

asusual.

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthe

mostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,if

weadaptintheway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.

65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

D.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging

66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan'sproject?

A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.

B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.

C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.

D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.

67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.

C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.

68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.

B.Theglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestopped.

C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.

D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.

69.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.

A.adapttocarbonpollution

B.planthighlyprofitablecrops

C.leavecarbonemissionalone

D.fightagainstcarbonpollution

70.What'stheauthor'spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A.settingupanewstandard.

B.Readucingcarbonemission.

C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.

D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入：個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。

PopulationChange

Whyistheworld'spopulationgrowing?Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonforthe

explosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlike

flies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealth

wasatupicalfeatureofthe20lhcentury,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.

Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5

owadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld'spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthe

replacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-repalanement

birthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld's

peoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou'dbewrong,Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydeveloping

regionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?First,China

needstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Sencond,ifother

factorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecent

standardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.

Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992the

numberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggenthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%,Indeedofficialfigures

suggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.

Whyisthisoccurring?Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietanabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowith

it.Ifcurrenttrendsdon'tbend.Russia'spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen'sbytheyear2050.

Inthenorthofindia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconmoic

developmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducated

ruralarceasanlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia'sworking-agepopulationhasno

education.In2030,asixthofthecountry'spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfbrtheUSA,itisalmostunique

amongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2021-2030,Moreover,the

USAhasatr