2024年上海市徐匯區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷試題（答案詳解）

試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期徐匯區(qū)學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷卷高一英語(yǔ)試卷2024.1(考試時(shí)間90分鐘，滿分100分)Ⅰ.Listeningcomprehension(15%)SectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Athome.B.Inthestreet.C.Atagym.D.Inacafe.2.A.Gotoanexhibition.B.Watchafootballgame.C.Visitafriend.D.Godowntownbyherself.3.A.Shecan’tstandit.B.Sheseldomlistenstoit.C.She’sheardenoughofit.D.Sheenjoysitverymuch.4.A.Saturday.B.Sunday.C.Monday.D.Tuesday.5.A.Itwasnotopenyet.B.Therewasalonglineofpeople.C.Thereweremanyseatsavailable.D.Thefoodtherewasawful.6.A.Heistheyoungestinthegroup.B.Heistheoldestinthepicture.C.Helooksyoungforhisage.D.Heisinthesecondphotograph.7.A.Sad.B.Happy.C.Confused.D.Shocked.8.A.Bybus.B.Bytrain.C.Bymotorbike.D.Onfoot.9.A.Hecancelledthemeeting.B.Hecan’tarriveontime.C.Hewillarrivethenextmorning.D.Hemissedhisflight.10.A.Hewantedasecondplan.B.Hepreferredtostayhome.C.Itwouldcosttoomuch.

D.Itwasawasteoftime.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearashortpassageandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassageandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Copytheirtourschedule.B.Watchoutforthetraffic.C.Wearcomfortableshoes.

D.Taketheluggagewiththem.12.A.Inapark.B.Atahotel.C.Inashoppingcentre.D.Attheairport.13.A.Thescheduleforthetour.B.TipsonvisitingLondon.C.Possibleaccidents.D.Plansfortheweekend.Questions14through15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Awriter.B.Aclub.C.Acourse.D.Abook.15.A.TheBeautifulMind.

B.TheGreatGatsby.C.TheKiteRunner.

D.TheCandyHouse.Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10%)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.CityWalksstepupinpopularityForFangRui,walkingthestreetsofNanjingandtakinginthebuildingsandcultureofthehistoricalcityisalmostadailyroutine.BornandraisedinNanjing,the28-year-oldworksasalandscapedesignerinthecity1studyingoverseasforseveralyears.InMay,Fangorganizedafreecitywalkforaround50people2camefromalloverthecountrytoexperienceadeeperconnectionwithNanjing.ShechosetowalkinXinanLi,atouristareathatisnotaspopularasotherNanjinglandmarks.Thedistricthaspreservedvarioushistoricalbuildings,withthemostwell-knownbeingtheformerresidenceofthescholarGanXi,which3(build)duringthereignoftheQingEmperorJiaqing(1796-1820).Designingcity-walkrouteslikeFang’srequirestimeandeffort.Fangsaidshespentaboutamonth4(research)routesforNanjing’ssouthernareaandadjustedthewalkingmapthreetimes.Theoriginsofcitywalks5betracedbacktoLondon,England.Originally,citywalksreferredtoguidedtours6participantsfollowedaplannedrouteundertheguidanceoftourconductors,withastrongemphasisondiscoveringthecity’shistory,culture,landscapes,andotheraspects.Fortourists7localsnotfullyfamiliarwithacity’shistoryandculture,theorganizedwalksareanauthenticandimmersive(沉浸的)experience.Walkorganizersarepassionateandcareaboutacity’sculturalheritage.Theyalsohaveamorepersonalizedanddeeperunderstandingoftheircity,8goesbeyondjustvisitingiconiclandmarks.Gradually,theconceptofcitywalks,whichemphasizesthequietappreciationofurbanlifestyleandculturalatmosphere,9(gain)popularityworldwide.Theappealofcitywalkisparticularlyresonant(共鳴)withtheyoungergeneration,whofrequentlyfind10caughtupindemandingworkschedules,therebylimitingtheirtimeforlocalexploration.Thegrowingtrendofcitywalkreflectsachangingattitudetowardslife,embracingawarmer,morerelaxed,andslower-pacedlifestyle.SectionB(10%)【上教版】Direction:Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.blamed

B.solution

C.extinction

D.credit

E.attitude

F.capableG.assume

H.quit

I.addicted

J.conducted

K.energetic11．Idon’tthinkthattourismwillprovidealong-termtoruralemploymentproblems.12．Mycousinistocoffeeandcannotdoanythinginthemorninguntilhe’shadsome.13．Duetothefactthatmanyanimalsareontheedgeof,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenimmediately.14．Theyasurveytofindoutwhattypeoftechnicalsupportcustomersmightwant.15．Itseemsreasonabletothatthebookwaswrittenaround70AD.16．Colourscanchangeourmoodsandmakeusfeelhappyorsad,orsleepy.17．ThecompanyCEOtheeconomicdownturnforthecompany’sfinanciallosses.18．Sheisahighlyleaderwhocanhandlecomplexprojectswithease.19．Anunfriendlyoftheshop-assistantoftenannoyscustomers.20．Thesuccessoftheeventwasduetothecombinedeffortsofmanypeople,buthetookallthe.【上外版】Direction:Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.replace

B.creative

C.extinction

D.comment

E.aware

F.determineG.respect

H.context

I.concern

J.deliver

K.effort21．Theartteacherencouragedherstudentstobeandexpressthemselvesthroughtheirpaintings.22．Thesafetyandeffectivenessofthemedicineisagrowingpublicanditneedsrepeatedevaluationbeforetrialscanbeginonalargescale.23．Duetothefactthatmanyanimalsareontheedgeof,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenimmediately.24．Thecompany’sgoalistoproductsofgoodqualitytoitscustomers.25．Theywilllaunchacampaigntoshowfortherightsandcustomsofthelocals.26．Theauthor’slatestbookexplorestherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnatureaswellastherequiredtoprotecttheenvironment.27．Somepeopleareworriedthatcomputer-madecartoonwillintheendthehand-drawnones.28．Asourcountryisbecomingincreasinglystronger,manyoverseasstudentstoreturnaftergraduation.29．Thecoachmakessurethatalltheathletesarefullyoftherequirementsbeforetraining.30．Theviewerposteda(n)aboutthefilm,praisingitsattractiveplotandsurprisingending.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(10%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.FlexiblethinkingforyourcareerDoesworkeverleaveyoufeelingstuckinarutwithlimitedopportunitiestobecreative?Tothrive,youmightwantto31yourbrain’sflexibility.Butisthisevenpossible,andifso,how?Mostjobsrequiretheabilitytosolveproblemsanddealwith32,atleasttoacertainextent.Imagineateacherwhohasanewandverynervousstudentintheirclass.Ifthatteacherisaflexiblethinker,hewillbeableto33hisclassroommanagement,evenifhehasn’tseenthissituationbefore.AccordingtoLeonardMlodinow,authorofElastic,flexiblethinkersrelyonideagenerationandimagination—theyarewillingto34andtakerisks.“Elasticthinkingiswhatyouneedwhenthecircumstanceschange,andyouaredealingwithsomethingnew.It’snotabout35rules.”Therefore,insteadoffollowingthetypical36forwelcomeanewstudent,theteachermightcomeupwithatailoredresponse,basedonpredictionandpreviousexperience.So,howcanyoubecomeamoreflexiblethinker?AccordingtoDrLisaFeldmanBarrett,it’sallabout37

thebrain.Onewayofdoingthis,shesays,isthroughexposuretoavarietyofexperienceswhichmakeiteasiertoadjusttonewsituations.Alotofcompaniesnowconsiderflexiblethinkingintheworkplace,38whenitcomestodesign.Workspacesmayhavecouches(長(zhǎng)沙發(fā))whereworkerscan39andrelax,givingthemthespacetocomeupwithandprocessnewideas.Mlodinowsaysit’sveryimportanttotaketimetodaydream,listentoideasandconceptsyoudisagreewithandspendtimedoingactivitiesoutsideofyour40.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandmultiplepointsofviewandthereforeblossominmanydifferentaspectsofyourcareer.So,ifyouwanttomakeachange,youcanbecomeaflexiblethinkertoo,withalittlepractice.31．A．exhibit B．remove C．release D．increase32．A．challenges B．sections C．a(chǎn)ttempts D．factors33．A．reveal B．a(chǎn)dapt C．observe D．support34．A．represent B．preserve C．experiment D．recognize35．A．breaking B．creating C．updating D．following36．A．value B．procedure C．question D．concept37．A．exercising B．understanding C．transforming D．replacing38．A．especially B．definitely C．obviously D．a(chǎn)dditionally39．A．checkout B．liedown C．showup D．breakup40．A．traininglimit B．culturalshock C．currentrelationship D．comfortzoneSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AYoumayhaveseenwhite-facedcapuchinmonkeys(卷尾猴)before,whetheratazooorinapopularmovie.Thesemedium-sizedmonkeysarefoundinCentralAmericaandnorthernSouthAmerica.Theyhaveamostlyblack-hairedbodyandwhitehairontheirfaceandshoulders.Thecapofblackfurontheirheadresemblesthehoods(兜帽)thatCapuchinmonksinItalywore,andthat’swherethenamecamefrom.Anotherfascinatingfeatureofthesemonkeysistheirlongtail,whichactslikeathirdhand.Capuchinmonkeysusetheirtailtohangontotreebranchestosupporttheirbodyweightwhilelookingforfood.Whiletheyeatfruitandnuts,theyalsoenjoyinsects,frogs,andlizards.Sincetheyspreadvariousfruitseedsthroughtheirfeces(糞便)andeatinsectsthatareharmfultotrees,theycontributealottothepreservationsofforests.Capuchinmonkeysareverysocialandliveingroupsof20membersorso.Agroupofcapuchinsisknownasatrooporabarrel.Troopsaremainlymadeupoffemales,whoremaininthesametrooptheirwholelives,whilemaleschangetroopsabouteveryfouryears.Communicationandsocialactivitiesplayasignificantroleamongmonkeysinatroopbecausetheyhelpformsocialbonds.Acuriousexampleis“handsniffing,”wherethemonkeyssticktheirfingersinfrontofeachother’snose.Outsidetheforests,capuchinmonkeysarenotonlyusedbyhumansfortheiractingabilities.Theseintelligentanimalshavesmallfingersandaregiftedwithfinemotorskills.Theycanbetrainedtodomanytasksthathumanswithdisabilitiescannotdo,liketurningthepagesofabookorpickingupdroppedobjects.Therefore,thewhite-facedcapuchincanbeimportantassistantsandcompanionsforsomedisabledpeople.41．Howdidwhite-facedcapuchinmonkeysgettheirname?A．TheyappearedinpopularfilmswithCapuchinmonks.B．TheirfurcrownslooklikethehoodsofCapuchinmonks.C．TheyarefoundinregionswhereCapuchinmonkslive.D．TheyusedtobekeptbyCapuchinmonksaspets.42．Accordingtothepassage,whatcontributiondowhite-facedcapuchinsmaketoforests?A．Theyhelpkeepthetreeshealthy. B．Theymakeforestsoilmorefertile.C．Theyreducetheriskofforestfires. D．Theyeatplantsthatdamageforests.43．WhichofthefollowingaspectisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Diet. B．Behavior. C．Threats. D．Appearance.44．Whyarewhite-facedcapuchinmonkeysusedashumanhelpers?A．Theyareveryfriendlyandloyaltohumans. B．Theyarestrongenoughtocarryheavythings.C．Theyaresmartandcanperformdifferenttasks. D．Theyaregoodatmakingfacesandacting.BNationalScienceCenterGuideWe’reexcitedtohaveyouvisittheNationalScienceCentre(NSC).Sparkyourcuriosityandexplorethewondersofscienceandinnovationwithhands-onexhibits,livescienceshowsanddemonstrations.◆Activities&WorkshopsDNAWorkshopLet’suncoverthesecretbehindDNA.SeewhatDNAlookslikebyextractingitfromcells,andgetupcloseandpersonalwithitsstructurebymakingyourownDNAmodel!Suitablefor9-12yearsold.LED’sPlayEverwonderedhowelectricitycomesabout?Howisitpossiblethatwithaflickoftheswitch,thelightsturnon?WithallthematerialstoplaywithLEDs,learnmoreaboutelectricity,circuitsandevenmakeyourveryownLEDlight-upcard!Minimumageis7yearsold.Studentsbelow12mustbeaccompaniedbyanadultwithavalidticket.ScienceofMagicDoyouwanttoperformmagic?Joinuswhereallisrevealed!Enjoyaprivatetourthroughthe‘Mind’sEyeExhibition’andaworkshop.Youwilllearnthescienceconceptsbehindmagic—cutawholeropeandfixit,makecoinsvanishedandappearbehindyourear!Suitablefor10yearsoldandabove.◆RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatednearthefrontentranceandoutsidetheInnovationCentre.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskintheGreatHall.IDrequired.◆SupportusSince1969,NationalScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassionfordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayNationalScienceCenterservesmorethan1millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverthecountry.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.Pleaseclickheretomakeadonation.45．Whichofthefollowingactivitiesissuitableforan8-year-oldboy?A．DiscoverthesecretofDNA. B．MakeaLEDlight-upcard.C．Makecoinsvanishedandappear. D．Experimentwithchemicalsinalab.46．Wherecanpeoplerentwheelchairs?A．Atthefrontentrance. B．OutsidetheGreatHall.C．AttheInformationDesk. D．IntheInnovationCentre.47．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraphofthetext?A．Toencouragedonations. B．Toadvertisecomingevents.C．Tointroducespecialexhibits. D．Tointroducethecenter’shistory.CFormanyyears,shipsthatwantedtotravelfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificorfromthePacifictotheAtlantichadtosailaroundSouthAmerica.Thetriptookweeksandwasverydangerous.Tomaketherouteshorterandsafter,itwasdecidedtobuildacanal(運(yùn)河).PanamawaschosenbecauseitisthenarrowestcountryintheAmericas.TheFrenchstartedbuildingthecanalasearlyas1880,buttheirattemptfailedafter21,900peoplediedofdiseasesandaccidents.TheAmericansfinallycompletedtheproject,andthePanamaCanalopenedin1914.WhenthePanamaCanalopenedin1914,shipswereabletomakethetripbetweenoceansinapproximately10hours.Thelocksinthecanalhavebeencalledoneofthesevenwondersofthemodernworld.The48-mile-longPanamaCanalwasdugthroughthecountryofPanama.Topassbetweenoceans,shipsmustactuallygoup.Infact,totravelthroughthecanal,shipsareraised85feetabovesealevelandthenloweredagain.Ashipentersthecanalandsailstothefirstseriesoflocks.Eachlockisahugecompartment(分隔的空間)madeofconcretewallsandmetaldoorsateachend.Whenonesetofdoorsopens,theshipentersthelock.Thedoorsclose,andwaterflowsintothelock,raisingtheshipuntilthewaterlevelequalsthelevelinthenextlock.Atthattime,thedoorsopentoallowtheshiptomoveintothenextlock.Whenthedoorsclose,thesameprocesscontinuestoraisetheshipagain.Oneitherendofthecanal,threesetsoflocksraiseandlowerships.Afterthethirdlock,theshipentersGatunLake,sailsabout23miles,andbeginsitsdescentthroughtheseriesoflocks.Tolowertheship,thelocksworkinreverse,allowingwatertoflowoutofthelockuntilthewaterlevelisthesameasthenextlock.Inthisway,theshipreachessealevelandmovesoutintotheocean.OveronemillionshipshavepassedthroughthePanamaCanalsinceitopened.Ithasproventobeveryimportanttoworldtrade.In2016,thecanalwasexpandedtoallowwidershipstopassthroughit,provingitwillbeavitalpartoftheworldformanyyearstocome.48．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheevents?①Theshipentersalock.②Waterflowsintothelocktoraisethewaterlevel.③Thedoorsclose.④Thedoorsopenandtheshipmoveout.A．④③②① B．③①②④ C．①③②④ D．③②④①49．WecaninferfromthearticlethatthePanamaCanal______.A．isthenarrowestcanalintheworld B．waseasytoconstructC．isanimportantlinkinglobalshipping D．willbeclosedinthenearfuture50．Whichwordinparagraph4probablymeans“ajourneydownward”?A．reverse B．series C．process D．descent51．Accordingtothepassage,thePanamaCanalwasbuilt______.A．toshortenthetripbetweentheAtlanticandPacificOceansB．toraiseandlowerthewaterlevelinthelocksC．sothatshipscouldtraveltoPanamafromothercountriesD．sothatpeoplecouldenjoythebeautifulviewofGatunLakeⅣ.Completethechart(8%)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.FillineachblankwithNOMORETHAN10words.StartingexerciseYouwanttostartdoingexercise?Congratulations!Youhavejusttakenyourfirststeptowardsanewandimprovedyou!Mostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforthebodyandmind—butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?Tostartwith,physicalactivityincreasestheefficiencyofyourheartandlungs.Duringexercise,yourheartandlungsmustworkharder.Thisextraeffortmakesthemgrowstrongeroverthelongterm.Moreover,exerciseisgoodforyourmentalhealth.Workingoutcanhelpyoureducestressandgetovernegativefeelings.Exerciseisanyactivitythatgetsyourbodymoving.Exercisedoesn’thavetomeanbreakingasweatatthegymorrunningamarathon.Anyphysicalactivitycountstowardsimprovingyourhealth—somethingisalwaysbetterthannothing.Ifyouarejuststartingexerciseforthefirsttime,remembertostartatalevelthatiscomfortableforyou.Scientistshavelongknownthatwhatyoueatcanmakeorbreakaworkoutandpossiblyaffectyourfitnessresults.Likecarsthatrunonpetrol,yourbodyburnscarbohydrates(碳水化合物)forenergy.Foodslikenoodles,rice,fruitandvegetablesgiveyourbodyplentyofcarbohydratestokeepupyourenergyduringalongworkout.Tohelpyourmusclesrecoverandrepairthemselvesafterexercise,youneedtoeatfoodsrichinprotein,suchasfish,eggsandmilkproducts.Choosetherightclothingandshoesfortheexerciseandphysicalactivityyouplantodoisalsoimportant.Topreventinjury,makesureyourclothesandfootweararebothcomfortableandsafe.What’smore,remembertowarmupbeforeexercisingandstretchattheendofyourworkout.So,nowyouknowthebenefitsofexerciseandhowtodoitsafelyandeffectively.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Startingexercise52PhysicalbenefitsMentalbenefitsStartingatacomfortablelevel535455WarmupbeforeandstretchafterexercisingⅤ.Translation(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.【上教版】56．戶外活動(dòng)對(duì)孩子的注意力和記憶力有好處。(benefitv.)(漢譯英)57．你真的認(rèn)為冒險(xiǎn)是讓別人尊重、注意和喜歡你的最好方法嗎?(risk)(漢譯英)58．雖然這次嘗試沒有成功，但這次經(jīng)歷將會(huì)對(duì)你的性格產(chǎn)生積極的影響。(effect)(漢譯英)59．很多包裝沒有回收利用，最終被扔進(jìn)了垃圾堆，所以包裝更少的食品更環(huán)保。(endup)(漢譯英)【上外版】60．在正式場(chǎng)合，禮貌待人很重要。(occasion)(漢譯英)61．他試圖適應(yīng)大城市里的生活，最終成功了。(attempt)(漢譯英)62．步入成年是人生的重要一步，這意味著承擔(dān)更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任。(which)(漢譯英)63．毫無(wú)疑問，大自然的一切相互聯(lián)系，一旦打破平衡，需要一些時(shí)日才能回到正常狀態(tài)。(balance)(漢譯英)Ⅵ.GuidedWriting(10%)【上教版】64．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositioninabout80-100wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.近日，學(xué)校正舉辦主題為“ThepersonIadmire”的征文大賽。假設(shè)你叫王海，請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文，介紹一位你敬佩的人，內(nèi)容包括：1.描述此人的外貌特征和性格特點(diǎn)；2.闡述此人對(duì)你的影響。(注意：文中不得出現(xiàn)具體學(xué)校名稱或人名。)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【上外版】65．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositioninabout80-100wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.近日，校園內(nèi)流浪貓(homelesscats)增多，學(xué)生會(huì)擬設(shè)立一個(gè)愛心貓舍(shelter)，供師生在此處喂養(yǎng)流浪貓。假設(shè)你叫王海，請(qǐng)你寫一份郵件給學(xué)生會(huì)表達(dá)你的想法，內(nèi)容包括：1.你是否贊同設(shè)立愛心貓舍；2.你的理由。(注意：文中不得出現(xiàn)具體學(xué)校名稱或人名)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________聽力答案：1-5CADBB6-10CBCBC11-15CBBBC答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)1．a(chǎn)fter2．who##that3．wasbuilt4．researching5．can6．where7．a(chǎn)nd8．which9．gained##hasgained10．themselves【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了28歲的年輕人方銳在南京組織了一次免費(fèi)的城市漫步活動(dòng)，并介紹了城市漫步活動(dòng)的起源以及這種活動(dòng)日益變得受歡迎。1．考查介詞。句意：這位28歲的年輕人在南京出生和長(zhǎng)大，在海外學(xué)習(xí)了幾年后，她在南京從事景觀設(shè)計(jì)師的工作。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，句子表示在海外學(xué)習(xí)之后，這位年輕人在南京從事景觀設(shè)計(jì)師的工作，所以空處應(yīng)用介詞after，表示“在……之后”，符合題意。故填after。2．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：今年5月，方為來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的約50人組織了一次免費(fèi)的城市漫步活動(dòng)，以體驗(yàn)與南京更深層次的聯(lián)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞around50people，先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)從句。故填who/that。3．考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：該區(qū)保存著各種歷史建筑，其中最著名的是建于清嘉慶年間（1796-1820）的學(xué)者甘熙故居。根據(jù)句中duringthereignoftheQingEmperorJiaqing(1796-1820)可知，which引導(dǎo)的從句描述過去的一般情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，which指代先行詞theformerresidenceofthescholarGanXi，與從句謂語(yǔ)build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且which指代的先行詞為單數(shù)意義，所以從句中be動(dòng)詞使用was。故填wasbuilt。4．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：方說，她花了大約一個(gè)月的時(shí)間研究南京南部地區(qū)的路線，并對(duì)步行圖進(jìn)行了三次調(diào)整。spend...(in)doingsth.為固定搭配，表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填researching。5．考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：城市漫步的起源可以追溯到英國(guó)的倫敦。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，此處表示可以追溯到英國(guó)倫敦，所以空處應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，表示“可以，能夠”。故填can。6．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：最初，城市漫步指的是導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)下的游覽，參與者在導(dǎo)游的引導(dǎo)下按照計(jì)劃路線行進(jìn)，重點(diǎn)是發(fā)現(xiàn)城市的歷史、文化、景觀和其他方面。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞guidedtours，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，此處表示在導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)下的游覽中，將先行詞看作抽象的地點(diǎn)，使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句。故填where。7．考查連詞。句意：對(duì)于游客和不完全熟悉城市歷史和文化的當(dāng)?shù)厝藖?lái)說，有組織的步行是一種真實(shí)而身臨其境的體驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，tourists與locals之間是并列關(guān)系，可用連詞and連接，表示“和”，符合題意。故填and。8．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們還對(duì)自己的城市有了更個(gè)性化、更深入的了解，這不僅僅是參觀標(biāo)志性的地標(biāo)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前邊的整個(gè)句子，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句。故填which。9．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：漸漸地，強(qiáng)調(diào)安靜地欣賞城市生活方式和文化氛圍的城市漫步概念在世界范圍內(nèi)流行起來(lái)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，城市漫步概念在世界范圍內(nèi)流行是在描述過去發(fā)生的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用過去式形式gained，也可理解為強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是theconceptofcitywalks，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式hasgained。故填gained/hasgained。10．考查代詞。句意：城市漫步的吸引力尤其引起年輕一代的共鳴，他們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被要求很高的工作時(shí)間表所困擾，從而限制了他們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)靥剿鞯臅r(shí)間。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞theyoungergeneration，此處表示年輕一代發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己被要求很高的工作時(shí)間表所困擾，從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)相同，所以空處應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves，表示“他們自己”，符合題意。故填themselves。11．solution12．a(chǎn)ddicted13．extinction14．conducted15．a(chǎn)ssume16．energetic17．blamed18．capable19．a(chǎn)ttitude20．credit【解析】11．考查名詞。句意：對(duì)于農(nóng)村就業(yè)問題，我認(rèn)為旅游業(yè)不能提供長(zhǎng)期解決方案。根據(jù)句意及空格所在位置可知，該處應(yīng)填名詞，且表示“解決辦法”，故填solution。12．考查形容詞。句意：我表弟喜歡喝咖啡，早上不喝咖啡就什么都做不了。根據(jù)句意可知，該處表示“喜歡”beaddictedto，故填addicted。13．考查名詞。句意：由于很多動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕，必須采取有效的措施。根據(jù)句意可知，需要采取有效的措施，是因?yàn)閯?dòng)物瀕臨滅絕，根據(jù)空格位置應(yīng)填名詞，故填extinction。14．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，了解用戶可能需要什么類型的技術(shù)支持。分析句子可知，該處缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，conductedasurvey“做調(diào)查”，故填conducted。15．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：假定這本書寫于公元70年左右似乎是有道理的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處填動(dòng)詞，不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，該處缺“假定”的含義，故填assume。16．考查形容詞。句意：顏色可以改變我們的情緒，使我們感到高興或者悲傷，精力充沛或昏昏欲睡。根據(jù)空格位置可知，該處是與sleepy并列的形容詞，結(jié)合happyorsad可知，與sleepy含義相反，故填energetic。17．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：公司首席執(zhí)行官將公司的財(cái)政損失歸咎于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，blame...for“歸咎于”，故填blamed。18．考查形容詞。句意：她是一個(gè)能輕松處理復(fù)雜項(xiàng)目的很有才能的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。根據(jù)句意可知，她能夠輕松應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜項(xiàng)目，說明她能力很強(qiáng)，形容詞capable“有能力的”，作定語(yǔ)。故填capable。19．考查名詞。句意：這個(gè)售貨員不友好的態(tài)度總是惹惱顧客。根據(jù)空格位置可知，該處應(yīng)填名詞，結(jié)合句意可知，不友好的態(tài)度惹惱顧客，attitude“態(tài)度”符合語(yǔ)境。故填attitude。20．考查名詞。句意：這次活動(dòng)的成功是由于許多人的共同努力，但是他占據(jù)了所有的贊美。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“贊揚(yáng)”，用名詞credit作賓語(yǔ)，不可數(shù)名詞。故填credit。21．B22．I23．C24．J25．G26．K27．A28．F29．E30．D【解析】21．考查形容詞。句意：美術(shù)老師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，通過繪畫來(lái)表達(dá)自己。空前是系動(dòng)詞，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)是creative意為“創(chuàng)造性的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。22．考查名詞。句意：這種藥物的安全性和有效性日益引起公眾的關(guān)注，在開始大規(guī)模試驗(yàn)之前，需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行反復(fù)評(píng)估?？涨笆切稳菰~，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是concern意為“擔(dān)心”符合語(yǔ)境。故選I項(xiàng)。23．考查名詞。句意：由于許多動(dòng)物正處于滅絕的邊緣，必須立即采取有效措施?？涨笆墙樵~，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是extinction意為“滅絕”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。24．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：公司的目標(biāo)是向客戶提供高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品?？涨暗膖o是不定式的標(biāo)志，所以空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是deliver意為“傳送”符合語(yǔ)境。故選J項(xiàng)。25．考查名詞。句意：他們將發(fā)起一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，以示對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝藱?quán)利和習(xí)俗的尊重?？涨笆莿?dòng)詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是respect意為“尊重”符合語(yǔ)境。故填G項(xiàng)。26．考查名詞。句意：作者的新書探討了人與自然的關(guān)系以及保護(hù)環(huán)境所需要的努力?？涨笆嵌ü谠~，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是effort意為“努力”符合語(yǔ)境。故選K項(xiàng)。27．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：有些人擔(dān)心電腦制作的卡通最終會(huì)取代手繪的?？涨笆侵鷦?dòng)詞will，所以空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是replace意為“替換”。故選A項(xiàng)。28．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著我們國(guó)家的日益強(qiáng)大，許多留學(xué)生決定畢業(yè)后回國(guó)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是determine意為“決定”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。29．考查形容詞。句意：教練確保所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在訓(xùn)練前都充分了解這些要求?？涨笆窍祫?dòng)詞，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)是aware，構(gòu)成固定搭配：beawareof意為“知道”。故選E項(xiàng)。30．考查名詞。句意：這位觀眾對(duì)這部電影發(fā)表了評(píng)論，稱贊其吸引人的情節(jié)和令人驚訝的結(jié)局。空前是冠詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是comment意為“評(píng)論”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。31．D32．A33．B34．C35．D36．B37．A38．A39．B40．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在工作和生活中，人們需要解決各類問題、對(duì)不同的情況做出預(yù)測(cè)并應(yīng)對(duì)大大小小的挑戰(zhàn)。換位思考、靈活變通可能會(huì)讓看似棘手的問題迎刃而解。人們具有“彈性思維”就能根據(jù)當(dāng)前的狀況來(lái)調(diào)整自己的想法、行動(dòng)和感受的思維方式。人們可以通過激發(fā)想象力、嘗試新事物和接觸新體驗(yàn)來(lái)提高自己的變通能力。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了茁壯成長(zhǎng)，你可能需要增加大腦的靈活性。A.exhibit展覽；B.remove去除；C.release釋放；D.increase增加。根據(jù)上文“Tothrive”可知，必須要增加大腦的靈活性。故選D項(xiàng)。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)工作至少在一定程度上需要解決問題和處理挑戰(zhàn)的能力。A.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B.sections部分；C.attempts嘗試；D.factors因素。根據(jù)上文“Mostjobsrequiretheabilitytosolveproblems”可知，解決問題和處理挑戰(zhàn)是同一方面的問題。故選A項(xiàng)。33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果那個(gè)老師是一個(gè)思維靈活的人，即使他以前沒有遇到過這種情況，他也能很好地適應(yīng)課堂管理。A.reveal揭示；B.adapt適應(yīng)；C.observe觀察；D.support支持。根據(jù)上文“Ifthatteacherisaflexiblethinker”以及下文“Onewayofdoingthis,shesays,isthroughexposuretoavarietyofexperienceswhich