專題11 閱讀理解記敘文、新聞報(bào)道-（2019年-2023年）高考英語真題匯編（全解全析）

資料收集整理【淘寶店鋪：向陽百分百】資料收集整理【淘寶店鋪：向陽百分百】五年（2019-2023）年高考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編專題11閱讀理解記敘文、新聞報(bào)道（解析版）〖2023年高考真題題組〗【2023?新高考I卷】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A?！?023?新高考II卷】Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.5.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生通過體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“UrbanSprouts”學(xué)?；▓@項(xiàng)目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是UrbanSprouts的發(fā)起者。故選D。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.(她說?！八麄儊碚椅覀?，認(rèn)為蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆蟲也很可怕?！彪m然有些人一開始害怕昆蟲，對(duì)泥土感到厭煩，但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知，項(xiàng)目之初，一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”(她補(bǔ)充說，該計(jì)劃好處不僅僅是營(yíng)養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題?！八麄冏吡顺鋈?，”她說，“他們覺得成功?！?”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對(duì)有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“UrbanSprouts”學(xué)?；▓@項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)科學(xué)技能、環(huán)保意識(shí)和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選B?！?023?全國(guó)甲卷】TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.Shesays:“I’msureIwasn’tmuchofahelptostartwithpaintingtheroomsandputtingdowntheflooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksandiswasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.”Terri,whonowrentsabhousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures.So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytotakeonDIYprojectsoverthatcomingweeks,newresearchshowsthatmorethanhalfofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong,warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.Theaveragespendperprojectwillbearound￡823.Twothirdsofpeopleaimtoimprovetheircomfortwhileathome.Twofifthwishtoincreasethevalueoftheirhouse.ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasmalehobby,theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner. C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.25.WhydidTerri’sgrandfathergiveher￡5aday?A.Forabirthdaygift. B.Asatreatforherwork.C.TosupportherDIYprojects. D.Toencouragehertotakeupahobby.26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurmishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.27.WhattrendinDIYdoestheresearchshow?A.Itisbecomingmorecostly. B.Itisgettingmoretime-consuming.C.Itisturningintoaseasonalindustry. D.Itisgainingpopularityamongfemales.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了一位DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能以及DIY項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)在女性群體中變成一種潮流趨勢(shì)。24.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅長(zhǎng)擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此處指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C項(xiàng)“Aspecialist(一位專業(yè)人員)”最接近畫線短語“adabhand”的意思。故選C。25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.(她將這些技能歸功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商DerekLloyd。從六歲起，現(xiàn)年26歲的Terri就在學(xué)校放假期間陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英鎊零花錢的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))”以及“Ittookweeksandiswasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.(這花了幾個(gè)星期的時(shí)間，是一項(xiàng)艱苦的工作，但我知道他為我的技能感到驕傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天給她5英鎊是作為對(duì)她的工作的鼓勵(lì)。故選B。26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.(所以，當(dāng)我搬出去時(shí)，知道如何掩蓋漏洞并重新粉刷房間以避免任何費(fèi)用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通過粉飾房間，讓它看起來像以前一樣，來避免被扣除租房的押金的。故選A。27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章最后一段“theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge(研究表明，現(xiàn)在是女性主導(dǎo)了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，研究表明，DIY將在女性中越來越受歡迎。故選D?！?023?全國(guó)乙卷】LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(風(fēng)景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.24.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers. B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions. D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.25.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement. B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit. D.Distinctivestyles.26.WhatcanweinferfromtheauthortripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing. B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一名風(fēng)景攝影師，在攝影途中發(fā)生的一些所見所聞。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.(我傾向于和幾個(gè)朋友一起去州立公園或鄉(xiāng)村探險(xiǎn)，沿途拍照)”可知，作為一名中西部的風(fēng)景攝影師，作者應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的方式是去鄉(xiāng)村或州立公園拍攝。故選B。25.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(盡管如此，回顧這些照片，它們?nèi)匀皇俏易詈玫囊恍┱掌?，盡管如果我能明智地準(zhǔn)備和管理我的時(shí)間，它們本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為，風(fēng)景攝影成功的關(guān)鍵是適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間管理。故選A。26.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.(然而，我們沒有標(biāo)出路線，所以我們幾乎完全錯(cuò)過了日落)”可推知，作者在與朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到達(dá)拍攝地點(diǎn)的時(shí)間比預(yù)期的要晚。故選C。27.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(盡管如此，回顧這些照片，它們?nèi)匀皇俏易詈玫囊恍┱掌?，盡管如果我能明智地準(zhǔn)備和管理我的時(shí)間，它們本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為自己在魔鬼湖拍攝的照片是令人滿意的。故選B?！?023?浙江1月卷】Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Shareanapartmentwithyou. B.Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.C.Transformyourwayofliving. D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.25.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A.Hedisapprovedofit. B.Hewasfavorabletoit.C.Hewastolerantofit. D.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.26.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheisquitegoodatcooking. B.Sherespectsothers’privacy.C.Sheenjoysbeingahousewife. D.Sheisadeterminedperson.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B.Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者如何在家庭中過零浪費(fèi)的生活方式。24.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線部分前文“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto(如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好)”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在這個(gè)過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西，我希望如果你在一個(gè)不總是支持你的家庭中盡最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改變，你會(huì)感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好加入這一運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此推知，劃線詞組jumponthatbandwagon與Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故選B。25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.(幾天后，我?guī)е谝还蘖銖U物雜貨回來了，我父親評(píng)論說，我到處帶著罐子是多么愚蠢。結(jié)果有點(diǎn)令人沮喪)”可推知，作者的父親不贊成用罐子買食品雜貨。故選A。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.(然而，隨著減少浪費(fèi)的幾個(gè)月的持續(xù)，我盡了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.(也許你的家庭不會(huì)完全改變，但你可以控制自己的個(gè)人空間，做出你想要的改變)”可推知，作者是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的人。故選D。27.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.(如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好加入這一運(yùn)動(dòng))”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在這個(gè)過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西，我希望如果你在一個(gè)不總是支持你的家庭中盡最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改變，你會(huì)感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要講述了作者如何在家庭中過零浪費(fèi)的生活方式。故選C?！?023?浙江1月卷】Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences.30.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A.Createrules. B.Comprehendmeaning.C.Talkfluently. D.Identifydifficultwords.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B.Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C.Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D.Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序。28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在舊金山的一場(chǎng)公開辯論中，一個(gè)名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序擊敗了它的人類對(duì)手，其中包括以色列前全國(guó)辯論冠軍NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聰明。故選B。29.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(盡管ProjectDebater很聰明，但它也有一些弱點(diǎn)。它從文檔庫和預(yù)先構(gòu)建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在一起。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類不會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫無疑問會(huì)被解決)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這樣的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)被糾正，被解決”，劃線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯(cuò)誤”，和errors意思相近，故選C。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意義的問題，而意義是區(qū)分最不聰明的人類和最聰明的機(jī)器的關(guān)鍵。計(jì)算機(jī)使用符號(hào)。它的程序指定了一組將一串符號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為另一串符號(hào)的規(guī)則。但它并沒有具體說明這些符號(hào)的含義。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)來說，意義是無關(guān)緊要的。)”可知，根據(jù)Hammond的說法，ProjectDebater不能理解意義，故選B。31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意義的產(chǎn)生是通過社會(huì)互動(dòng)的過程，而不是計(jì)算的過程，這種互動(dòng)塑造了我們頭腦中符號(hào)的內(nèi)容。賦予意義的規(guī)則不僅存在于我們的頭腦中，也存在于社會(huì)之外，存在于社會(huì)記憶、社會(huì)習(xí)俗和社會(huì)關(guān)系中。)”可知，從最后一段我們能了解到社會(huì)互動(dòng)是理解符號(hào)的關(guān)鍵。故選A?！?022年高考真題題組〗【2022?新高考II卷】Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.What’supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It’sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI’mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I’veevenbuiltwebsites.There’sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I’vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn’tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.25.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer. B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa. D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.26.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?A.Sociallyambitious. B.Physicallyattractive.C.Financiallyindependent. D.Digitallycompetent.27.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob. B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment