2023年上海市中考英語二輪綜合復習-13 閱讀理解A篇之議論文（教師版）

重難點13閱讀理解A篇之議論文(教師版)

(建議用時:30分鐘)

r----------------------------B&BK

命題趨勢

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學生能較快地通

過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據試題的要求從A,B,

C,D四個選項中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求

閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說明文，應用文等。

滿分技巧

/__/

四種題型：

L細節(jié)理解題

☆考察方面：學生對相關信息的識別能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答題事項：應迅速找到并且定位到考點，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

☆干擾選項：一般與文中觀點相反，不符，未涉及，特征是無中生有，張冠李戴，以偏

概全，擴大內容

解題技巧：

通讀短文，領會文章大意，理解文章結構層次及細節(jié)，特別注意：

1.五個W(who,which,when,where,what)和一個H(how)；

2.數字、日期、時間等；

3.注意加強語氣的詞，運用排除法排除不符合原文細節(jié)的選項，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.詞句猜測題

此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關鍵詞語或句子的含義，常用的方法是多種表達

法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習語釋文法及句型轉換法等。

解題技巧：

1.正確理解題意，從短文中找到相關的詞、短語或句子，根據特定的語境來判斷理解，

推敲斟酌和最后確定其準確含義。

2.根據上下文猜測詞義的技巧：

(1)注意定義和解釋；

(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示；

(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示；

(4)利用懸念的屬種關系；

(5)借助已有知識或生活常識。

3.推理判斷題(不要自行推理+過度推理)

☆考察方面：透過文章的信息進入深刻的分析，歸納和推斷得解

☆答題事項：應迅速找到并且定位到考點，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

解題技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.尋找文章的邏輯思路。

4.核對問題中各項選擇與文章中有關詞句的聯(lián)系。

4.主旨大意題(BeSttitle)

☆考察方面：學生對文章主旨的駕馭能力，答案一般需要合理的歸納和總結得到

☆答題事項：通過略讀來快速把握文章的中心，閱讀時視域要寬，緊抓對主題句搜索,

按意群進行閱讀，避免閱讀中的出聲，指讀，復視或停頓。

限時檢測

一、閱讀單選

Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshaveeverinvented.Itmightseem

strangetosaythatsomethingsosimple-lookingandsoordinary（普通的）couldbesoimportant.Butifyou

considerthefollowingpoints,youwillprobablyagreewithme.

Firstly,wheelsinfluencealmosteverypartofourlives.Wheelsareused,forexample,inclocks,engines（發(fā)

動機）andtrucks.Ifyouvisitjustonefactory,youwillseehowimportantwheelsare.Youwillseewheelson

almosteverymachine.

Secondly,wheelsplayagreatpartinfoodproduction.Wheelsareusedtogrind（磨碎）differentkindsofcorn

intoflour（面粉）.Theyarethenusedtomixflourandotherfoodsintobread.Wealsoneedwheelstotransportthe

wheat.IfWedidnothavethewheel,Wewouldhavemuchdifficultyinfoodproduction.

Thirdly,ourworldwouldbecompletelydifferentifWedidnothavethewheelfortransport.Beforethewheel

wasinvented,peopleusedtohavetotravelonfootorbyridingonananimal.ThatiswhatWewouldbedoing

nowifWedidnothavethewheel.Everythingwouldtakelongertodo.

WewouldbebacktotheStoneAgeifsomeofourcleverancestors(祖先)hadnotinventedthewheel.Our

modemworldwouldsimplybeimpossible.Thewheelissurelythemostimportantinventionofalltime.

1.Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bytellingastory.B.Bymakingareport.C.Bygivinganopinion.D.Byofferingasuggestion.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantinafactory?

A.Theclock.B.Thetruck.C.Theengine.D.Thewheel.

3.HowmanyusesofwheelsarementionedinParagraph3?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwaslifelikebeforewheelswereinvented?

A.Safe.B.Busy.C.Slow.D.Dangerous.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowthestructureofthepassage?

(Pl=Paragraph1P2=Paragraph2P3=Paragraph3P4=Paragraph4P5=Paragraph5)

【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A

【導語】本文是議論文，作者從機械設備、食物生產、旅行等方面論述了輪子是最重要的發(fā)明之一。

I.推理判斷題。根據"Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshaveever

invented.”可知，文章首段作者就提出了自己的觀點，所以作者是通過給出觀點來開始這篇文章的，故選

Co

2.推理判斷題。根據“Ifyouvisitjustonefactory,youwillseehowimportantwheelsare.Youwillseewheels

onalmosteverymachine.”可知，輪子是工廠中最重要的部分。故選Do

3.推理判斷題。根據"Wheelsareusedtogrind（磨碎）differentkindsofcornintoflour（面粉）.Theyarethen

usedtomixflourandotherfoodsintobread.WealsoneedwheelstotransporttheWheat.”可矢口，輪子有3種用

途，故選B。

4.推理判斷題。根據"Beforethewheelwasinvented,peopleusedtohavetotravelonfootorbyridingonan

animal.Thatiswhatwewouldbedoingnowifwedidnothavethewheel.Evciythingwouldtakelongertodo.”

可知，在發(fā)明輪子前，人們的生活是很慢的。故選C。

5.篇章結構題。根據第一段首句“Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshave

eve?*invented."第二、三和四段首句“Firstly,"，"Secondly,,,,和“Thirdly,”，以及文章最后一段“Thewheelis

surelythemostimportantinventionofalltime.”可知，文章首段提出了觀點，中間段分三部分解釋了輪子的

用處，最后一段總結輪子的重要性，文章結構是總分總，故選A。

SchoolsinsouthernChinaareusing“smartunifbrms,,withchips（芯片）toknowexactlywherestudentsare.

Doyousupportit?

KongYuming,16:

Iamforthe"smartUnifbnTis”,becausetheycanhelptocreateasafecampus（校園）.Asweknow,what

parentscareaboutmostisthesafetyoftheirchildren.Wearingtheuniformswithchips,studentscanbelocated

（定位）byparentsatanytime.Itcanavoidstudentsfromgoingtoplaceswheretheyshouldn'tbe.

CongZhaohan915:

Whynothaveschooluniformswithchips?Theuniformcanfindstudentsandcheckwhattheyaredoing.It

canencouragestudentstocreatemorehigh-techproducts.WiththehelpoftheGPS,theycanhelptoprevent

crimesagainststudents.

ZhangXianghao918:

Idon,tagreewiththeidea.First,althoughsuchauniformcanhelpparentsknowwheretheirchildrenare,not

everyonelikesbeingwatched,especiallyteenagers.Theyaresensitive（敏感的）abouttheirprivatethings,?tcan

makethemfeeluneasy.Besides,itseemsthatsuchahigh-techproductwillcostalot,morethanpoorfamiliescan

afford.

ZhuYuanlong,17:

Iamagainstthisidea.Itislikelytoleak（泄露）personalinformation.Withthecomingofbigdata（數據），

informationhasbroughtconveniencetoourlives.Meanwhile,theproblemofpersonalinformationleakagehas

becomeserious.Themoreusersthereare,themoredangerousitwillbe.

6.Whatdoesthewriterwanttodowiththispassage?

A.Hewantstostartadiscussiononsmartuniforms.

B.Heintroducesanewproductcalledsmartuniforms.

C.Heisworriedaboutcampussafety.

D.Heistryingtointroducesomethingnew.

7.WhyisKongYumingforthesmartuniforms?

A.Theycansolvetheproblemsofschoolsafety.B.Theyaregoodforbothparentsandschools.

C.Hisparentswanttoknowwhereheisatanytime.D.Somestudentsbreakschoolrules.

8.What,sCongZhaohan,sopinion?

A.Hedoesn,tagreetowearsmartuniforms.

B.Hesupportstheideaofwearingsmartuniforms.

C.Hewantstodosomethingtopreventcrimesagainststudents.

D.Theuniformcanhelpstudentsbecomecleverer.

9.WhatisZhangXianghao,sworry?

A.Noteenagersliketobewatched.

B.Heismoresensitiveabouthisprivacy.

C.Poorfamiliesmaynotbeabletoaffordtheuniforms.

D.Parentshavetospendmoretimewatchingtheirchildren.

10.WhatdoesZhuYuanlongtellus?

A.Howpersonalinformationleaks.B.Whatconveniencebigdatacanbringus.

C.Howserioustheinformationleakageis.D.Whyheisagainstthesmartuniforms.

【答案】6.A7.B8.B9.C10.D

【導語】本文介紹幾個學生對于帶芯片的“智能校服”的看法。

6.推理判斷題。根據"SchoolsinsouthernChinaareusing4smartuniforms9withchips（芯片）toknowexactly

wherestudentsare.Doyousupportit?”可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了討論智能校服的問題，故選A0

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Iamforthe'smartunifbrms,,becausetheycanhelptocreateasafeCamPUS（校園）.As

weknow,whatparentscareaboutmostisthesafetyoftheirchildren.Wearingtheuniformswithchips,students

canbelocated（定位）byparentsatanytime.Itcanavoidstudentsfromgoingtoplaceswheretheyshouldn,tbe.”

可知，KongYUming支持“智能校服”，因為它們可以幫助創(chuàng)建一個安全的校園；父母也能隨時找到孩子。

故選B。

8.推理判斷題。根據"Whynothaveschooluniformswithchips?Theunifbπncanfindstudentsandcheckwhat

theyaredoing.Itcanencouragestudentstocreatemorehigh-techproducts.WiththehelpoftheGPS,theycan

helptopreventcrimesagainstStUdentS.“可知，CongZhaohan支持穿智能校服，故選Bo

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Besides,itseemsthatsuchahigh-techproductwillcostalot,morethanpoorfamilies

Canaffbrd”可知，智能校服這樣的高科技產品似乎會花費很多，超出貧困家庭的承受能力。故選C。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Iamagainstthisidea.Itislikelytoleak（泄露）personalinformation.Withthecoming

ofbigdata（數據）,informationhasbroughtconveniencetoourlives.Meanwhile,theproblemofpersonal

infbπnationleakagehasbecomeserious.Themoreusersthereare,themoredangerousitwillbe.“可知，Zhu

YIIanIong介紹為什么他反對智能校服。故選D。

Choosethebestanswer（根據以下內容，選擇最恰當的答案）

ShouldWe-chatshutdownthefeatures"likes”?

Forthepastfewyears,We-chathasgotusinterestedinthefeature“l(fā)ikes”.It'sthewaywehavedecidedhow

manypeoplethinkOurjourneysarefunandrecognizeournewitemsarecool.Whathappenswhenitisgone?

Researchersaredoingasurveytofigureoutwhetherthefeature“l(fā)ikes“shouldbeshutdown.

Itisreallyconvenientforustokeepintouchwitheachotherandshareourhappinessonacommonplatform

（平臺）.Ourfaithfulfriendshipseemstobecomestronger,afterweinteract（互動）ontheplatformwith

likes.—Jennifer

“Likes"shouldbethere,becauseitispowerfulandgetsimmediatefeedback.Youimmediatelyfeelgood

aboutwhatyouwearandhowyoulook.

—Anne

Ifthereisno“l(fā)ikes”,teenagerswillmissit.InaWay,“l(fā)ikes“givesyouthesamekindoffeelingasachild

getsanice-cream.Myyoungersistersarealwayscomplainingaboutittome“Whynotgive4likes,tomy

PhOtOs?”

—Mik

Peoplearemoreconcernedabouthowmanylikestheyget.??Isnowagoodtimetopost?ShouldIremovemy

picturethatonlygot20"likes"?Postingaphotocanbeagreatstressforpeoplewhocareabout“l(fā)ikes”.—Tom

IthinkWe-chatshouldhidethelikes,becausefollowersmayfeelmorepressuretopickupthe“l(fā)ikes”.We

shouldnotfocusonhowmany“l(fā)ikes“thephotosgetbutonthephotosthemselves.

——Brook

Inmyopinion,We-chatshouldconsidermakingthesocialnetworklessstressfultouse.Usersare

sometimesforcedtojointhearmyof“l(fā)ikes”.Asforme,hiding“l(fā)ikes“willimproveourexperiences.

一Jack

IfWe-chatmovestohide“l(fā)ikes”,itcanencourageuserstopostmoremessagesandphotoswithoutbeing

worriedabouthowmany???ikes^^theywillget.t?Likes^^isapartofit,butIdon'tthinkhiding“l(fā)ikes“isthekey

toCUringtheCUltUrearoundWe-chat.

一Cathy

11.Wecanpossiblyfindthispassagefroma/an.A.sciencefictionB.bookreview

C.newspaperD.advertisement

12.JenniferthinkshergoodfriendswillaftertheyinteractontheplatfbπnwithTikes”.

A.becomeevenworseB.becomeevencloser

C.becomeevencoolerD.becomeevenmoregentle

13.Theunderlineword"feedback-inthethirdparagraphmeans.

A.repliesB.materialsC.feelingD.knowledge

14.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtoMike?

A.Teenagerswon,tmissthe“l(fā)ikes”，ifitisshutdown.

B.Heisforcedtojointhearmyof“l(fā)ikes“sohefeelsstressful.

C.Heworriesabouthowmany“l(fā)ikes“hegets,afterpostingaphoto.

D.”Likes“bringshimgreatsatisfactionasachildgetsanice-cream.

15.Brookagreestohidethelikesbecause.

A.sheiscompletelycontrolledbythe“l(fā)ikes”.

B.shethinkshiding“l(fā)ikes“willimproveherexperiences.

C.shethinkstheusersshouldfocusonthephotosthemselves.

D.shethinkshiding“l(fā)ikes”canencourageuserstopostmorephotos.

16.Whatdoesthesentence:"butIdon'tthinkhiding“l(fā)ikes"isthekeytoCUringtheCUltUrearoundWe-Chat"in

thelastparagraphimply（隱含）?

A.ShepointsoutthebiggerproblemsofWe-chatbesidesthefeature“l(fā)ikes”.

B.ShetalksaboutmanyproblemsofWe-chatandhopestohide“l(fā)ikes“rightnow.

C.Shepushesthediscussionmuchfurtherandhopestosolvemoreseriousproblems.

D.ShepointsoutthewaytoencourageuserstopostphotosandmessagesonWe-chat.

【答案】11.C12.B13.A14.D15.C16.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要針對微信是否應該關閉點贊功能展開敘述，七個人對此發(fā)表了不同的

看法。

11.推理判斷題。根據"Forthepastfewyears,We-chathasgotUSinterestedinthefeature,,likes,,.It,stheway

wehavedecidedhowmanypeoplethinkOurjourneysarefunandrecognizeournewitemsarecool.Whathappens

whenitisgone?Researchersaredoingasurveytofigureoutwhetherthef?ature“l(fā)ikes"shouldbeshutdown.“可

知文章談論的是大眾話題，所以應該出自報紙。故選C。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Ourfaithfulfriendshipseemstobecomestronger,afterWeinteractontheplatformwith

IikeS.”可知詹妮弗認為她的好朋友們在平臺上點贊互動后會變得更加親密。故選Bo

13.詞義猜測題。根據"Likes"shouldbethere,becauseitispowerfulandgetsimmediatefeedback.You

immediatelyfeelgoodaboutwhatyouwearandhowyouIOOk."點贊'’應該在那里，因為它是強大的，可以得

到即時反饋。你立刻對自己的穿著和外表感到滿意。可知第三段中帶下劃線的“feedback”一詞表示

“replies”,回答；答復。故選A。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Ifthereisno"IikCS”,teenagerswillmissit.Inaway,4?likes,,givesyouthesamekind

offeelingasachildgetsanice-cream."可知“點贊”給他帶來了巨大的滿足感，就像一個孩子吃冰淇淋一樣，

D表達正確。故選D。

15.細節(jié)理解題。根據“IthinkWe-chatshouldhidethelikes,becausefollowersmayfeelmorepressureto

pickupthe"likes”.WeshouldnotfocusonhowmanyTikeS“thephotosgetbutonthephotosthemselves.?知布

魯克同意隱藏點贊的功能，因為她認為用戶應該關注自己的照片本身，而不是點贊的數量。故選C。

16.詞義猜測題。根據"L汰es''isapartofit,butIdon,tthinkhiding"likes"isthekeytocuringtheculture

aroundWe-chat.可知最后一段中的“但我不認為關閉點贊是治愈微信文化的關鍵”這句話隱含她進一步推動

了討論，并希望解決更嚴重的問題。這是Cathy的觀點。故選C。

Inone,slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneselfHowever,onehastheleastunderstandingof

oneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Butwhenyoufail,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon,tget

abetterunderstandingofyourself,youmaymissmanychancesinlifeandeasilygetintotrouble.

Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell.Youshouldrealizeyourstrong

pointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecausenotall

dreamscancometrue.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknowwhattodo.

Gettingabetterunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjust

smallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,

youaresuretofaceanytrouble.

Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquiet

placesothatyoucancontrolyourowntemperandnothurtyourself.Whenyouaresad,tellyourfriendsaboutit

tochangethemood（情緒）intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleeptillyougetrelaxed.Ifyou

don,tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon,tbeabletostayawayfromillnesses.

Noonecantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getabetterunderstandingofyourselfζandyou,llgetafull

controlofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolors.

17.Togetabetterunderstandingofyourself,youshould.

A.hopeforawonderfulfutureB.knowwhatyoucandoandwhatyoucan,tdo

C.spendmoretimebeingwithothersD.catcheverychanceinyourlife

18.Whatmighttheunderlinedword"self?ppreciation“meaninChinese?

A.自我批評B.自我欣賞C.自我發(fā)現D.自我鼓勵

19.Whydowehavetohaveabetterunderstandingofourselves?

A.Becausefewpeoplecanreallyunderstandus.

B.Becausenooneknowswhathe/sheisreallylike.

C.Becauseabetterunderstandingcanhelpusinsomeways.

D.BecauseWewanttobeproudofourselves.

20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewriterhasdescribedthreewaystounderstandourselvesbetter.

B.Youcanfaceanydifficultyifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself.

C.Whenyou,resadorgetupset,trytochangeyourmoodtomakeitbetter.

D.Whenyouhaveabetterunderstandingofyourself,allyourdreamscancometrue.

21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?

A.Getabetterunderstandingofyourselftoliveabetterlife.

B.Ifyoucanlookafteryourself,you,llstayawayfromillnesses.

C.Inlife,moreandmorepeoplewanttounderstandthemselves.

D.Manypeopleneverhaveabetterunderstandingofthemselves.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.D21.A

【導語】本文講述了更好地了解自己才能更好地控制自己，發(fā)現生活的美好。

17.細節(jié)理解題。根據"Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell.Youshould

realizeyourstrongpointsandweakones....Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushould

kn。WWhattodo.”可知，為了更好地了解自己，你應該了解你能做什么，不能做什么，故選B。

18.詞義猜測題。根據"Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyour

ownwayofbeingthere.Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.“可知，

此處說的是要認可自己，對自己充滿信心，所以推斷SeIf-appreciation表示“自我欣賞”，故選B。

19.推理判斷題。根據"Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell....Youmaybe

confidentenoughtomeetchallenges,?“Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceany

trouble.,?“Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.“可知，更好地了解自己

可以使我們面對挑戰(zhàn)足夠自信，可以面對任何麻煩，可以更好地照顧自己等，所以推斷，更好地了解自

己可以在某些方面幫助我們，故選C。

20.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell....Youmaybe

confidentenoughtomeetchallenges,?“Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceany

troublc.,?“Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.,,>4?Getabetter

understandingofyourself,andyou,llgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofCOlOrS.“可知，更好地

了解自己可以使我們面對挑戰(zhàn)足夠自信，可以面對任何麻煩，可以更好地照顧自己，可以控制自己，發(fā)

現生活中的色彩，沒有提到可以實現全部的夢想，故選DC

21.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了更好地了解自己才能更好地控制自己，發(fā)現生活的美好，即“更好地了

解自己，才能活得更好:故選A。

Areyoucarryingtoomuchonyourbacktoschool?You,renotalone.Backexperts（專家）intheUnited

Statesareworriedthatyoungstudentsarehavingbackandneckproblemsasaresultofcarryingtoomuchintheir

schoolbags.

“IthurtsmybackwhenIrun,“saidOberlinReyes,astudentinVirginia.4?It,shardtogoupthestairswithmy

schoolbag,becauseit,stooheavy.^^

Oberlinisamongstudentswhoseschoolbagswereweighedforaweekinarecentstudy.

Theyhadregularschoolbagswithtwostraps（帶子）tocarrythem,butanumberofstudentswithheavyloads

hadSWitChedtorollingschoolbags（whichhavewheelsandcanrollontheground）.

ShirleyPark,whoseschoolbagweighed10kilograms,saidshechangedtoarollingschoolbagbecauseshe

wasstartingtohavebackpain.

Howmuchistoomuch?Expertssaystudentsshouldcarrynomorethan10to15percentoftheirownbody

weight.

Afewstudentshadonesuggestiontolightentheload:Lesshomework.

根據短文內容，選擇正確答案。

22.Accordingtosomeexperts,carryingtoomuchintheschoolbagsmay.

A.leadtooverweightproblems