2024屆高考英語閱讀理解五步法專項帶練(43)講義素材

①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.②Sohowdoplantspreventsuchgrowthindeepshadeconditions?Thesecretliesintheclocksinsidethem,sayscientistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreandtheUniversityofBristol.③Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(晝夜節(jié)律時鐘)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.Theseclockcomponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.④Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstocompetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.⑤Thisworkprovidesevidenceforthestabilityofthecircadianclockinstressfulenvironments,andinformationthatmaybeusefulindevelopingnewgenerationsofcropsinachallengingclimate.【素材來源：湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)2024屆高三月考試卷（六）英語試題】12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?A.Struggletopreserveenergy.B.Competeforverylimitedresources.C.Trytooutgrowtheirneighbors.D.Dependoneachothertosurvive.13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?A.Bychangingtheirgeneexpression.B.Bymakingthemrealizelightchange.C.Byhelpingthemadapttothedarkness.D.Bycontrollingtheirgrowthindeepshade.14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?A.Thecircadianclock’sroleinplantdevelopmentremainsunknown.B.Plants’livingenvironmentsareverycompetitive.C.Thecircadianclockaffectsplants’adaptabilitytosurvivalcompetition.D.Plantscanadapttoverydeepshadewhereresourcesareverylimited.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toshareanewdiscoveryaboutplants.B.Tointroducetheroleofthecircadianclock.C.Tocompareplantslivingincertainconditions.D.Toexplainplants’secretoflivinginforests.【五步法分析】串聯(lián)題干Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?串聯(lián)題干：moderateshade,plants,affection,thecircadianclock12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?植物在中等遮蔭下通常會做什么?A.Struggletopreserveenergy.努力保存能量。B.Competeforverylimitedresources.爭奪非常有限的資源。C.Trytooutgrowtheirneighbors.試圖超越他們的鄰居。D.Dependoneachothertosurvive.相互依存才能生存。定位到第一段（反話正說）①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?生物鐘是如何影響植物的?A.Bychangingtheirgeneexpression.通過改變他們的基因表達(dá)。B.Bymakingthemrealizelightchange.通過讓他們意識到光的變化。C.Byhelpingthemadapttothedarkness.通過幫助他們適應(yīng)黑暗。D.Bycontrollingtheirgrowthindeepshade.通過控制它們在陰涼處的生長。定位到第三段③Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(晝夜節(jié)律時鐘)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.Theseclockcomponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?根據(jù)安東尼·多德教授的說法，哪個說法是正確的?Thecircadianclock’sroleinplantdevelopmentremainsunknown.生物鐘在植物發(fā)育中的作用尚不清楚。Plants’livingenvironmentsareverycompetitive.植物的生存環(huán)境競爭非常激烈。Thecircadianclockaffectsplants’adaptabilitytosurvivalcompetition..生物鐘影響植物對生存競爭的適應(yīng)性。Plantscanadapttoverydeepshadewhereresourcesareverylimited.植物可以適應(yīng)非常深的陰影，那里的資源非常有限。定位到第四段-原詞對應(yīng)④Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstocompetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?作者為什么寫這篇文章?A.Toshareanewdiscoveryaboutplants.分享一項關(guān)于植物的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。B.Tointroducetheroleofthecircadianclock.介紹生物鐘的作用。C.Tocompareplantslivingincertainconditions.比較生活在特定條件下的植物。D.Toexplainplants’secretoflivinginforests.解釋植物在森林中生存的秘密。一般情況下關(guān)于文章主旨或者寫作目的在首段或者尾段中查找。①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.（植物是如何在黑暗和陰涼的地方共存的）Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.【逐句翻譯】第一段：Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：how引導(dǎo)賓語從句；that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾places.句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物是如何在黑暗和陰涼的地方共存的。Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾athickforest.句意：在茂密森林深處的植物，那里的自然資源不是很多，不會試圖在生長上超過它們的鄰居，而那些在中等(中度的)陰影下的植物則會這樣做。Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句句意：在深蔭的條件下，這將是一種能量的浪費，而且對生存有害，因為綠芽的生長速度永遠(yuǎn)無法超過它們較大的鄰居。第二段Sohowdoplantspreventsuchgrowthindeepshadeconditions?Thesecretliesintheclocksinsidethem,sayscientistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreandtheUniversityofBristol.那么植物是如何在陰暗處防止這種生長的呢?約翰英納斯中心和布里斯托爾大學(xué)的科學(xué)家說，秘密就在于它們體內(nèi)的時鐘。第三段：Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(晝夜節(jié)律時鐘)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；破折號引導(dǎo)同位語補充解釋clock.句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)植物注意到很深的陰影時，這改變了生物鐘某些部分的基因表達(dá)(晝夜節(jié)律時鐘)——植物和其他生物體內(nèi)的日常時間。Theseclockcomponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.這些時鐘組件在防止植物伸長和超過鄰居方面起著額外的作用?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Prevent...from阻止；防止Putonrainbootwhenwashingfloor,topreventfromslippingdown.清洗地面時穿上雨鞋以防滑倒.第四段：Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.這項工作確定了生物鐘在控制植物發(fā)育方面的一個以前未知的作用，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對自然植物種群和作物都有影響。【真題必考詞匯】Haveeffecton對...有影響Thegoodachievementmayhaveeffectontheirperspective.好的成績可能會影響他們的觀點。ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.約翰英納斯中心的安東尼·多德教授說:“植物的生物鐘在它們的發(fā)育和健康中起著重要作用?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Playapartin..貢獻力量;起…作用Fruitmaturitymayplayapartinphenotypiccharacterization.果實成熟期使這種表現(xiàn)型特征可能明顯地起一些作用.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstocompetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”【真題必考詞匯】Castlighton...使顯得非常清楚，闡明，使人了解;映照Doesthisinformationcastlightontheproblem?這一信息會使問題得到澄清嗎?“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinatthe