中考英語(yǔ)人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題突破+學(xué)案+話題15　生態(tài)與環(huán)保

話題15生態(tài)與環(huán)保話題分析：該話題通常會(huì)涉及保護(hù)環(huán)境、保護(hù)動(dòng)植物、低碳生活、節(jié)約資源、創(chuàng)建文明城市、文明出游、為環(huán)保提建議等主題。寫作內(nèi)容通常為對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的看法并提出解決措施及建議。話題鏈接：教材分冊(cè)單元話題標(biāo)題人教版九年級(jí)全一冊(cè)Unit13ProtectingtheenvironmentWe’retryingtosavetheearth！外研版八上Module9PopulationPopulation九上Module12EnvironmentalprotectionSaveourworldA.ButwhatcanIdo？B.Don’tuseplasticbags.C.Third，trytorecyclepaper.D.Wehavealotofpaperathome.E.It’salsoagoodwaytokeephealthy.F.Youshouldcleanyourroomeveryday.Jennifer:Hi，Mary.Wouldyouliketohelpsavetheenvironment?Mary:Yes.1.Jennifer:Well.Youcanstartbyturningoffthelights.Mary:You’reright.SometimesIturnonthelightswithoutthinking.What’snext?Jennifer:Second，youcanrideabicycle.2.Mary:Thatwillsavemoney，too.Whatelse?Jennifer:3.Mary:Goodidea.Newspapers，magazines，mails...4.Jennifer:Thefourthideaistotakeabagwhenyougoshopping.5.Mary:OK.Myparentsdomostoftheshopping.I’lltellthem.Thankyouforyouradvice.答案1.A2.E3.C4.D5.BPart1話題基礎(chǔ)梳理1.environmentn.環(huán)境2.improvev.改善3.naturen.自然4.naturaladj.自然的5.pollutionn.污染物6.pollutev.污染7.plasticn.塑料8.protectv.保護(hù)9.problemn.問(wèn)題10.rubbishn.垃圾11.savev.節(jié)約12.harmfuladj.有害的13.seriousadj.嚴(yán)重的14.recyclev.循環(huán)利用15.reusev.重復(fù)使用16.wildadj.野生的17.spitv.吐痰18.endangeredadj.瀕危的1．turnoffthelight關(guān)燈2．plantmoretrees多種樹3．reusepaper循環(huán)利用紙張4．drivethecarless少開車5．maketheairfresh使空氣清新6．usereusablebags使用環(huán)保袋7．sorttherubbish垃圾分類8．takepublictransportation乘坐公共交通9．usebothsidesofthepaper雙面用紙1．a(chǎn)llyearround終年2．callon號(hào)召3．doharmto對(duì)……有害4．protecttheenvironment保護(hù)環(huán)境5．cutdown砍倒6．takeaction采取行動(dòng)7．liveagreenlife過(guò)綠色生活8．begoodfor對(duì)……有好處9．takesomemeasurestodo采取一些措施做……10．makeacontributiontodoing為……做出貢獻(xiàn)11．createagoodfuture創(chuàng)造一個(gè)美好的未來(lái)12．insteadof代替13．makeadifference有影響14．o...將……扔進(jìn)……15．developthehabitof...養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣16．lastbutnotleast最后但同樣重要的17．begin/startwith從……開始18．playapart/roleindoingsth.參與做某事小題夯基請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成所缺單詞1．Hewaswearingdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.2．Theriverwasdirty.Eventhebottomoftheriverwasfullofrubbish.3．StayingclosetoTVisharmfultoyoureyes.4．Wildanimalscan’tfindenoughfoodandtheyarelosingtheirhomes.5．Allthesmallthingscanaddupandbecomebigthings.Theycouldimprovetheenvironment.6．—Moreanimalsmaybecomeendangeredbecauseoftheseriouspollution.—Soweshoulddosomethingnow.微語(yǔ)篇特訓(xùn)A．請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫，注意每空一詞。每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。eq\x(tectactiongivesocietyenvironment)Inordertomaketheenvironmentmorebeautiful，weshouldtake1.actiontoprotectit.First，weshouldplantmoretreesaswellasflowerstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.Second，alwaysremembernottothrowaway2.rubbishorpouroutwastewatereverywhere.Asweallknow，waterisbecominglessandless.Soit’snecessaryto3.savewater.Lastbutnotleast，weshould4.protectendangeredanimalsandstoppeoplecatchingthem.Inmyopinion，ifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectthe5.environment，ourcitywillbecomenicerandcleaner.B．請(qǐng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思用適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)填空Inrecentyears，thetemperaturehasbeenrising1.allyearround(全年)．Moreandmoretreeshavebeen2.cutdown(砍倒)．Scientistshavefoundoutthatoneofthereasonsisrelatedtocarbonemissions(碳排放)．It’snecessaryforpeopletostart3.livingagreenlife(過(guò)綠色生活)．Infact，evenasmallactioncan4.makeadifference(產(chǎn)生影響)．Forexample,5.turnoff(關(guān)掉)allthelightsbeforeleavingtheroom.1．我們是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)去保護(hù)環(huán)境，使它免受污染了。(It’stimeforsb.todo...)It’stimeforustotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution.2．為了與自然和諧共處，我們必須遵循自然法則。(getalongwellwith)Inordertogetalongwellwithnature，wemustfollowthelawsofnature.3．我認(rèn)為拯救地球始于小事。(beginwith)Ithinksavingtheearthbeginswithsmallthings.4．總體來(lái)說(shuō)，如果每個(gè)人都多關(guān)注一下我們的環(huán)境，那么污染會(huì)更少，我們的生活會(huì)變得更好。(paymoreattentionto)Inaword，ifeveryonepaysmoreattentiontoourenvironment，therewillbelesspollutionandourliveswillbebetter.5．如今環(huán)境污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。(moreandmoreserious)Theenvironmentalpollutionismoreandmoreserioustoday.6．為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)該乘公共汽車或地鐵而不是開車。(cutdown)Tocutdownairpollution，weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.7.微小的行動(dòng)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。(makeabigdifference)Asmallactioncanevenmakeabigdifference.8．作為青少年，我們也可以采取措施保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。(takestepstodo)Asteenagers，wecanalsotakestepstoprotectourenvironment.9．大自然如此重要以至于我們必須合理保護(hù)它。(so...that...)Natureissoimportantthatwemustprotectitproperly.10．因此，我們的共同行動(dòng)可以產(chǎn)生影響，并帶來(lái)更美好的未來(lái)。(leadto)Sotogether，ouractionscanmakeadifferenceandleadtoabetterfuture.一、完形填空(2023·廣東一模)Thoughplasticbagsmakeourlifeconvenient，theuseofthemiscontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)．Maybeyou’veheardofthenewsthatthelawhasbeen1carriedoutinEnglandtostoptheuseofplasticthings.InChina，canyouget2plasticbagsfromsupermarketsnow?I’mafraidyoucan’t.Thingshavechanged.NowadayspeoplehavetopayforplasticbagssincesupermarketsandshopsinChinacan’t3plasticbagstopeopleanymore.That’sbecausetheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtostoptheuseoffreeplasticbagsandourcountrytriedtomake4less.TheChineseonceusedabout300millionplasticshoppingbagsaday.Mostofthemcanbeusedonlyonceandsomepeoplethrowthemawayhereandthereaftertheyhaveusedthem.Theplasticbagsarehardto5.Sotheyhavecausedpollutionfortheenvironment.Theyhavepollutedthewater，earth，andtheywastetheoil.Someanimalsintheseaoronthelandevendiedaftereatingtheplasticbags.Iftheyareburnt，theymayproducesomegasthatis6，andthiscancausebiggertroubles.Itpollutestheair.What’smore，itmaycause7forus.SotheChinesepeopleare8tobringtheirownbagsorbasketswhentheygotobuysomething.Somestudentscomeupwithagoodidea.Theymaketheshoppingbagsbythemselves.Theyuseoldclothestomakeclothbags，andsendthemtotheirparentsas9.Theyalsoasktheirparentsandfriendstouseclothbagsinstead.Theythinkitistheir10toprotecttheenvironment.Startingwithsmallthingsalsomatters.1．A.strictlyB．clearlyC．bravelyD．gently答案A2．A.freeB．usefulC．largeD．public答案A3．A.provideB．offerC．sendD．sell答案B4．A.bagsB．moneyC．collectionsD．rubbish答案D5．A.breakupB．breakthroughC．breakoutD．breakdown答案D6．A.smellyB．harmfulC．lifelessD．colorful答案B7．A.excuseB．diseaseC．failureD．death答案B8．A.allowedB．calledC．encouragedD．invited答案C9．A.presentsB．goodsC．surpriseD．works答案A10．A.dreamB．pleasureC．dutiesD．chance答案C二、短文填空(2023·湛江二模改編)請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。eq\x(closehoweverantakehostmoneyifincleantheyatopen)Environmentalprotectionisespeciallyimportantnowadays，anditisaneedforeveryone.EdgarMcGregor,1.anAmericanman，caresabouttheenvironmentinhisownway.Afterlearningthatthe34thSummerOlympicGameswillbe2.hostedinLosAngelesin2028，EdgardecidedtocleanupEatonCanyon，anaturalparkinsouthernCalifornia.“ItwillbeashameoftheUnitedStates3.ifthereissomuchlitter，”hesaid.ThereasonwhyEdgarchosethisparkisthatitis4.closetohishome.Heonlyneedstowalkthere.Atfirst，hethoughtitwould5.takehimonlyseveralsunnydaystopickuplitterthere.6.However，itturnedouttobenearlytwoyears！Throughsun，snow，andhighwinds，hepickeduplitterintheparkfor7.atleastonehoureveryday.Hecheckseverycorneroftheparklikecheckinghisownhouse.Edgarregularlypostedtheprogressthathemadein8.cleaninguptheparkonline.Hehasmorethan17,000followersandmanyofthemstartedtocleanupparksnear9.theirhomesaswell.ThankstoEdgar’swork，EatonCanyonisnowfreeofwaste.Edgarsayshisjobisfarfromover.Heisturninghisattentiontonewparks.What’smore，hesoldalltherecyclableshefoundanddonated(捐贈(zèng))the10.moneyabout$30everytwotothreeweekstocharity.Whatagreatman!Part2話題能力提升A(2023·中山一模)Dirtywatercanbedangeroustodrinkandcanmakepeopleill.Itcandamage(破壞)theenvironmentandanimals.Herearesomecausesofthedirtywater.Sewage(污水)isabigpartofdirtywater.Inmanyplaces，untreatedsewagegoesstraightintorivers，lakesorseas.Toomuchsewagekillsfishandotherwaterlife.Itcanmakethewaterunsafetodrink，washorswim.Oilisanimportantsourceofenergy，butitcanalsocausepollution.Ifatruckorshipleaks(泄露)whiletransportingoil，plantsandanimalscandie.Forexample，birdsgetcoveredinoilandtheyareunabletofly，andtheirfeathersnolongerprotectthemfromthecold.Factoriesoftenrunwasteliquidintorivers.Thismaycontaindangerouschemicals，whichcoulddoharmtoplants，animalsandhumans.Somefactorieswouldfilterthewastebeforeitgoesintorivers.Thishelpstokeeptheenvironmentcleaner.Smokeandgasesfromfactoriesandcarsmixedwithwatervapour(蒸氣)intheaircancausepollution.Whenthewatervapourfallstothegroundasrain，thechemicalsinsmokeandgasesaremixedwiththerain.Thisiscalledacidrain(酸雨)．Itcankillplantsandanimals.Asweallknow，waterisanimportantpartofhumanlife.Andthewaterresourcesarelimitedonourearth.Sowecanneverattachtoomuchimportancetoprotectingwaterresources.Weshouldalsotakeactiontosavewaterandprotectthevaluablewaterresourcesinourdailylife.Atthesametime，wecanalsoencouragemorepeopletojoinus.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一些導(dǎo)致水污染的原因及其危害并呼吁人們采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)水資源。1．Whydoweneedtotreatthesewagebeforeitcomesintotheriver?A．Becauseitlooksdirty.B．Becauseitwouldcausedamagetowaterlife.C．Becauseitwouldkillsomeanimals，likefishandpigs.D．Becauseitwouldmakethedrinkingwatertasteterrible.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inmanyplaces，untreatedsewagegoesstraightintorivers，lakesorseas.Toomuchsewagekillsfishandotherwaterlife.”可知，我們需要在污水流入河流之前對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)對(duì)水生生物造成損害，故選B。2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Oilmakesplantsandanimalsdie. B．Oilisanimportantsourceofenergy.C．Oilcanbeleakedduringtransportation. D．Oilisanimportantcauseofpollution.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Oilisanimportantsourceofenergy，butitcanalsocausepollution.”及通讀第三段可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是石油是造成污染的重要原因，故選D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“filter”inparagraph4mean?A．Clean.B．Check.C．Throw.D．Keep.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞所在句子“Somefactorieswouldfilterthewastebeforeitgoesintorivers.”可知，filter意思是“清潔”，故選A。4．Howdothesmokeandgasesinfluencetheenvironment?A．Theymayformacidrain. B．Theycontaindangerouschemicals.C．Theycandirectlykillplantsandanimals. D．Theywillinfluencethedrinkingwater.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二至四句可知，煙霧和氣體可能會(huì)形成酸雨，影響環(huán)境，故選A。5．What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Totellpeopletheinfluenceofdirtywater.B．Tocallonpeopletoprotectthewaterresources.C．Tomakepeopleknowthereasonsofdirtywater.D．Totellpeoplewhytheyneedtoprotectthewaterresources.答案B解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容以及通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了造成污水的一些原因以及作者呼吁人們保護(hù)水資源。因此本文的主要目的是呼吁人們保護(hù)水資源，故選B。B配對(duì)閱讀。左欄是五名同學(xué)遇到的垃圾處理問(wèn)題，右欄是七條建議，請(qǐng)為每名同學(xué)選擇一條合適的建議。1.Ihavesomeexpiredbatteries(過(guò)期的電池)，butIdon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.MaybeIshouldputthemintoadustbin.()2.Mybookcaseisfilledwithtoomanyoldnewspapers.WhichdustbinshouldIthrowtheminto？()3.Ihavejustfinishedwashingdishesandtherearesomeleftoverstothrow.()4.AfterIhaveeatentake-awayfood，Ihavesomedirtyplasticboxesanddirtytissues.IwonderwhichdustbinIshouldputtheminto.()5.Iwenttoseeadoctorinthehospitaljustnow.IworeamasksothatIcouldpreventthespreadofgerms.ButnowwherecanIthrowmymask？()A.RecyclableWasteDustbin.Itisusedforcollectingallkindsofenvironmental-friendlyandrecyclablematerialsincludingpaper，metal，andsoon.B.ResidualWasteDustbin.Itcollectschina，pottery，usedandpollutedthingslikedirtytissues，dirtydiapers(紙尿褲)，one-offmealboxesandsoon.C.HouseholdFoodWasteDustbin.Itisusedtocollectkitchenwastelikeskinsoffruits，eggshells，leavesofplants，etc.D.HazardousWasteDustbin.Itcontainswasteinvolvingriskordanger，especiallydangeroustopeople’shealthorsafetybutnotincludingmedicalwaste.E.MedicalChemicalWasteDustbin.Usedchemicalreagents(試劑)，usedchemicaldisinfectant(消毒劑)andsoonarecollectedhere.F.MedicalInfectionWasteDustbin.Itcollectsanythingusedforpreventingvirusinfectionlikemaskswornbypeopleandone-offplasticmedicaldevicesinhospitals.G.MedicalContaminatedSharpWasteDustbin.Usedchemicalneedles，scissors，knivesandsoonareputinthisdustbin.語(yǔ)篇解讀：該語(yǔ)篇旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的參與，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注環(huán)境保護(hù)并積極參與貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量，增強(qiáng)他們的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力。答案1.D2.A3.C4.B5.FA．回答問(wèn)題Inthepastfiveyears，about2.8billionschooltextbooksweresoldeveryyear，withtotalspendingof20billionyuan，newsmagazineOutlookWeeklyreported.ZhaoDehua，abusinessmaninGuangdong，ownsalargefactorydealingwiththingsthatcanbereused.Hesaidmanycollegestudentssoldthetextbookstheyhadusedforfouryearsatapriceof1yuanperkilogram.Asthesetextbooksaremostlyusedtoproducereusedpaper，thecostisevenhigherthanthatofnewspaper.Atpresent，freetextbooksonmusic，artandscienceforthenine-yeareducationfromprimaryschooltomiddleschoolhavebeenreused.Butthereisn’tagoodplanforthesecond-handtextbooktrade，somostofthetextbooksendupaswaste.“Everyyear，second-handbooksellerscollecttextbooksatapriceofabout4,000yuanaton.Itismorethantwicethepriceofusualwastepaper.Butthenumberofpeoplewhocometocollectsecond-handbooksisstillsmall，”ZhaoDehuasaid.“Settingupthewayoftextbookreuseisgoodfortheenvironment.Besides，italsohelpstodevelopstudents’savinghabitsandsenseofenvironmentalprotection，”saidZhuPin，headofaschoolinJiangxiProvince.Uptonow，theschoolhassetupawayforreusingthetextbooksanditcansavealotofmoneyever