（江蘇專用）高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時(shí)檢測（二十九）任務(wù)型閱讀（四）-人教版高三英語試題

專題限時(shí)檢測(二十九)任務(wù)型閱讀(四)(限時(shí)24分鐘)A(2019·南京、鹽城模擬)Anyonewho'severmaderoomforabigmilestoneofadultlife—ajob,amarriage,amove—haslikelyshovedafriendshiptotheside.Afterall,thereisnocontractlockingustotheotherperson,asinmarriage,andtherearenobloodbonds,asinfamily.Wechooseourfriends,andourfriendschooseus.That'sareallydistinctiveattributeoffriendships.Butmodernlifecanbecomesobusythatpeopleforgettokeepchoosingeachother.That'swhenfriendshipsfade,andthere'sreasontobelieveit'shappeningmorethanever.Lonelinessisontherise,andfeelinglonelyhasbeenfoundtoincreaseaperson'sriskofdyingearlyby26%—andtobeevenworseforthebodythanobesityandairpollution.Lonelinessdamageshealthinmanyways,particularlybecauseitremovesthesafetynetofsocialsupport.“Whenweperceiveourworldasthreatening,thatcanbeassociatedwithanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.”Thesolutionissimple:friendship.Ithelpsprotectthebrainandbodyfromstress,anxietyanddepression.“Beingaroundtrustedothers,inessence,signalssafetyandsecurity，”saysHolt-Lunstad.Astudylastyearfoundthatfriendshipsareespeciallybeneficiallaterinlife.Havingsupportivefriendsinoldageisastrongerpredictorofwell-beingthanfamilyties—suggestingthatthefriendsyoupickmaybeatleastasimportantasthefamilyyou'reborninto.Easyasthefixmaysound,itcanbedifficulttokeepandmakefriendsasanadult.Butresearchsuggeststhatyouonlyneedbetweenfourandfiveclosepals.Ifyou'veeverhadagoodone,youknowwhatyou'relookingfor.“Theexpectationsoffriends,onceyouhaveamatureunderstandingoffriendship,don'treallychangeacrossthelifecourse，”Rawlinssays.“Peoplewanttheirclosefriendstobesomeonetheycantalktoandsomeonetheycandependupon.”Ifyou'retryingtofilladried-upfriendshippool,startbylookinginward.Thinkbacktohowyoumetsomeofyourveryfavoritefriends.Volunteeringonapoliticalcampaignorinafavoritespinclass?Playinginaband？“Friendshipsarealwaysaboutsomething，”saysRawlins.Commonpassionshelppeoplebondatapersonallevel,andtheybridgepeopleofdifferentagesandlifeexperiences.Whateveryou'reinto,someoneelseistoo.Letyourpassionguideyoutowardpeople.Volunteer,forexample,takeanewcourseorjoinacommitteeatyourcommunitycenters.Ifyoulikeyoga,startgoingtoclassesregularly.Fellowdogloverstendtogatheratdogruns.Usingappsandsocialmedia—likeFacebooktofindalocalbookclub—isalsoagoodwaytofindeasy-goingfolks.Onceyoumeetapotentialfuturefriend,thencomesthescarypart:invitingthemtodosomething.“Youdohavetoputyourselfoutthere，”saysJaniceMcCabe,associateprofessorofsociologyatDartmouthCollegeandafriendshipresearcher.“There'sachancethatthepersonwillsayno.Butthere'salsothechancethey'llsayyes,andsomethingreallygreatcouldhappen.”Theprocesstakestime,andyoumayexperiencefalsestarts.Noteveryonewillwanttoputintheeffortnecessarytobeagoodfriend.It'snevertoolatetostartbeingabetterpal.Theworkyouputintofriendships—bothnewandold—willbewellworthitforyourhealthandhappiness.OutlineSupportingdetailsProblems●Makingfriends(1)________peopleofnegativefeelings,especiallybenefitingtheold.However,quick-pacedliferobspeopleofthetimetomaintainfriendshipandleadstomoreoccurrencesof(2)________．●(3)________fromsocietymakespeoplementallyandphysicallyunhealthy.Solutions●Be(4)________withwhatyouexpectofyourfriends:theyshouldbegoodlistenersand(5)________．●(6)________onhowyoubuiltupgoodfriendship.●Followyourheartandmakefriendswiththosepeoplewith(7)________interests.●(8)________yourselftowinafriendbyinvitinghimtodosomething,notfearingtobe(9)________．ConclusionThemore(10)________youaretomakingfriends,thehealthierandhappieryouwillbe.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了現(xiàn)在很多人因?yàn)槊β刀柽h(yuǎn)了朋友，但事實(shí)上好的人際關(guān)系有利于我們的身心健康。文章首先分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因，然后給出了解決辦法。1．rids第三段第一句提到“...friendships.Ithelpsprotectthebrainandbodyfromstress,anxietyanddepression.”，此處是將protect...from...同義替換成rid...of...。2．loneliness根據(jù)前第二段前三句可知，現(xiàn)代生活變得如此忙碌以至于人們忘記了朋友。友誼在逐漸地消退，孤獨(dú)感在上升。所以過快的生活節(jié)奏讓人們沒有時(shí)間交朋友，導(dǎo)致孤獨(dú)的出現(xiàn)。3．Withdrawing/Withdrawal根據(jù)第二段第三句和第四句可知，感到孤獨(dú)會對我們的身心健康造成危害。而孤獨(dú)是因?yàn)槲覀兠撾x了社會。4．consistent根據(jù)第四段中的“Theexpectationsoffriends,onceyouhaveamatureunderstandingoffriendship,don'treallychangeacrossthelifecourse”可知，一旦你對朋友有了一個(gè)成熟的認(rèn)識，對朋友的期望在一生中就不要改變。beconsistentwith“與……一致”。5．supporters/helpers第四段最后一句提到“Peoplewanttheirclosefriendstobesomeonetheycantalktoandsomeonetheycandependupon.”此處將someonetheycandependupon同義轉(zhuǎn)換為supporters/helpers。6．Reflect第五段第二句提到“Thinkbacktohowyoumetsomeofyourveryfavoritefriends.”此處將thinkbackto短語同義轉(zhuǎn)換成reflect。7．similar/common/shared根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Commonpassionshelppeoplebondatapersonallevel,andtheybridgepeopleofdifferentagesandlifeexperiences.”可知，共同的愛好讓人們聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，且可以和不同年齡和生活經(jīng)歷的人溝通。所以要和有共同興趣愛好的人交朋友。8．Trouble根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“Onceyoumeetapotentialfuturefriend,thencomesthescarypart:invitingthemtodosomething.”可知，邀請一個(gè)暫時(shí)還不是你的朋友的人做點(diǎn)什么，會有被拒絕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但是為了結(jié)交一個(gè)好的朋友，你必須費(fèi)點(diǎn)心思。troubleoneselftodosth.“費(fèi)心地做某事”。9．refused/rejected根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“There'sachancethatthepeoplewillsayno.”可知，(邀請一個(gè)有可能成為朋友的人一起做某件事)有可能會遭到拒絕。sayno＝refuse/reject。10．devoted/committed/dedicated由文章最后一段最后一句“Theworkyouputintofriendships—bothnewandold—willbewellworthitforyourhealthandhappiness.”可知，你在交朋友方面投入得越多，你就會越幸福。B(2019·南京模擬)Onthesurface,onewouldbehard-pressedtofindmanysimilaritiesbetweenGermanchancellorAngelaMerkel,BangladeshiprimeministerSheikhHasina,andLiberianpresidentEllenJohnsonSirleaf—exceptforthefactthattheyareallfemaleleadersofnations.Merkel,forexample,spentmorethanadecadeasachemistbeforegoingintopolitics,whileHasina,thedaughterofBangladesh'sfirstpresident,servedasherfather'spoliticalassistantwhileatcollege,andJohnsonSirleafworkedatmultiplefinancialinstitutionsbeforerunningforvicepresident.Istheresomethingdeeperthantheyshare?TheresearcherSusanR.MadsenofUtahValleyUniversityinterviewedwomeninsomecountriesabouttheirpathstoleadership.Shewassurprisedbythesimilaritiesamongthewomenwhentheyspokeabouthowtheybecameleaders.“Everysingleoneofthemtalkedaboutfindingtheirvoicesandtheirconfidenceatdinner-tableconversationswiththeirfamilies.Theirparentstalkedaboutpolitics,aboutwhatwashappeninginthecommunity,andwhenthewomenhadsomethingtosay,theirparentsdidn'tstopthem，”Madsensaid.Aspartofaseriesofinterviewsonwomenandleadership,Ispoketothreewomenfromdifferentcountrieswhohaveeachbecomeleadersintheirrespectivefields:AgnesIgoyeofUganda,whoworkswithhergovernmenttocounterhumantrafficking;IkramBenSaid,thefounderofTunisianwomen'srightsorganizationAswatNissa;andSaireeChahalofIndia,whostartedadigitalplatformthathelpswomengetbackintotheworkforce.Allthreeofmyintervieweespointedtothefamilyenvironmenttheyhadbeenraisedin—particularlyafatherfigurewhotaughtandempoweredthewomeninthefamilytolearn,askquestions,andformtheirownopinions.Also,mothersbrokeconventionbydisplayingleadershipwithinthefamily.Igoye,forexample,creditedherfatherwithhavingtheforesighttosendhisdaughterstoschooldespiteoppositionfromothersintheirvillage.Hermotherwentbacktoschoolasanadulttoimprovehercareerasateacher,whichIgoyedescribedasbeingabiginfluenceonher.Similarly,BenSaidtalkedabouthowherfatherencouragedpoliticaldebateamongthefamilywhenshewasgrowingup,evenwhenheropinionscontradictedhis.Meanwhile,Chahalsaidthateveninheryoungerdays,herparentswentagainstthegeneralconventionofexpectingtheirdaughterstoaimonlyforagoodhusband.AnotherconclusionfromMadsen'sworkisthatwomen'sleadershipdevelopmentdoesn'tlooklikemen's.“Mentendtofollowamorestraightpathtobecomingaleader.Women'spathsaremuchemergent.Theytendtonotnecessarilylookaheadandthink,‘Iwanttobeontop.’Womenwouldpointtoanumberofexperiences—motherhood,orworkingwithanon-profit,orsittingonaboard,asshapingtheirpathtobecomingleaders，”shesaid.Actually,womenleaderstendtobeheldtohigherstandardsthantheirmalecounterparts.IgoyehasfeltthisinUganda.“Womenwhotakeupleadershippositionsinmycountryhavetobetough,it'snoteasyatall，”shesaid.“Youarealwaysawarethatyouarerepresentingallwomen.Youhavetoworkextrahardtodeliver,toperform,becauseifyoudosomethingwrong,theywillsay,‘Ah,yousee,women！’”Therefore,merelyhavingwomenleaderscanchangetheopportunitiesavailableforgenerationsofwomeninacountry.Whatleadershiplookslikeintheircountry,howmuchofavoicethewomenleadersarehaving,influenceswhatleadershipisandwhatitmeanstoitswomen.Whatdowomenleadershaveincommon？IntroductionThesefemaleleaderscomefromdifferentculturalandpoliticalbackgrounds,butdotheyshareany(1)________？FindingsofMadsen'sresearch?Intheirearlyyears,thesefemaleleaderswereenabledtoexpressthemselves(2)________anddeveloptheirconfidenceatdinnertable.?Theygotmorechancestobe(3)______topolitics.?Differentfrommen,theirpreviousexperienceshelpthemworktheirwaytothe(4)________oftheircareerladder.Findingsoftheauthor'sresearch?Allthesefemaleleaders(5)________theirsuccesstotheirfamilyenvironment.

Unlikeotherchildreninhervillage,Igoyereceived(6)________withhersisters.

BenSaidwasencouragedtodebateamongthefamilyevenwhenheropinionswent(7)________herfather's.

Despitethegeneralconventionof(8)________well,Chahalwasbroughtupotherwise.?Womenleadershavetowork(9)______thanmencounterpartstoliveuptopeople'sexpectations.ConclusionFemaleleadership(10)________alottoanationanditswomenaswell.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要闡述了一些世界上成功女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的共同之處——她們都有鼓勵(lì)她們發(fā)表自己見解的開明的父母。1．similarity/similarities根據(jù)第一段第一句“Onthesurface,onewouldbehard-pressedtofindmanysimilarities”可知答案。2．freely/casually根據(jù)第二段中的“Everysingleoneofthemtalkedaboutfindingtheirvoicesandtheirconfidenceatdinner-tableconversationswiththeirfamilies.”可知，她們是被鼓勵(lì)在吃飯的時(shí)候自由地發(fā)表自己的看法的。3．exposed根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirparentstalkedaboutpolitics,aboutwhatwashappeninginthecommunity...”可知，他們經(jīng)常聽到父母談?wù)撜?，所以他們有更多的機(jī)會接觸政治話題。beexposedto“接觸”。4．top根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，以及第三段第一句“Aspartofaseriesofinterviewsonwomenandleadership”可知，Madsen所研究的對象都是一些女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，所以