八上英語(yǔ)同步第十單元重點(diǎn)單詞

八上英語(yǔ)同步第十單元重點(diǎn)單詞ancient:belongingtoatimelongago;oftenusedtorefertosomethingfromthepastthatishistoricallysignificant.Example:TheGreatWallofChinaisanancientstructurethatwasbuiltover2,000yearsago.

2.civilization:asocietythatishighlydeveloped,withadvancedsystemsofgovernment,culture,andtechnology.Example:AncientEgyptwasknownforitsadvancedcivilization,withimpressivearchitecture,hieroglyphicwriting,andacomplexsystemofgovernment.

3.emperor:therulerofanempireoralargeterritory.Example:QinShiHuangwasthefirstemperorofChina,whounitedthecountryandestablishedtheQinDynasty.

4.palace:alarge,grandresidenceusuallybuiltforaroyalfamilyorahigh-rankingofficial.Example:TheForbiddenCityinBeijingisamagnificentpalacecomplexthatwasoncetheresidenceofChineseemperors.

5.temple:abuildingdedicatedtoreligiousorspiritualpurposes,oftenassociatedwithworship.Example:TheAngkorWattempleinCambodiaisthelargestreligiousmonumentintheworldandisrenownedforitsstunningarchitectureandintricatecarvings.

6.tomb:astructurebuilttohousetheremainsofthedeceased.Example:TheTajMahalinIndiaisnotonlyamausoleumbutalsoabeautifulpieceofarchitecturebuiltbyEmperorShahJahaninmemoryofhiswife.

7.philosopher:apersonwhostudiesandseekswisdomandknowledgethroughrationalthinkingandreflection.Example:Confucius,afamousChinesephilosopher,emphasizedtheimportanceofethics,familyvalues,andsocialharmony.

8.dynasty:asequenceofrulersinthesamefamilyorlineage.Example:TheMingDynastyinChinalastedfornearly300yearsandisknownforitsachievementsinart,literature,andtrade.

9.kingdom:apoliticalunitruledbyakingorqueen.Example:TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy,withQueenElizabethIIasthecurrentreigningmonarch.

10.emperor:atitlegiventotherulerofanempireoralargeterritory.Example:EmperorNerowasacontroversialfigureinancientRome,knownforhisextravagantlifestyleandpersecutionofearlyChristians.

11.shrine:aplaceconsideredsacredorholy,typicallydedicatedtoaspecificdeityorreligiousfigure.Example:TheMeijiShrineinTokyoisapopulartouristdestinationandisdedicatedtoEmperorMeijiandEmpressShoken,whoplayedacrucialroleinmodernizingJapan.

12.monument:astructureorstatuecreatedtocommemorateapersonoraneventofhistoricalsignificance.Example:TheStatueofLibertyinNewYorkCityisafamousmonumentsymbolizingfreedomanddemocracy.

13.culturalheritage:thetraditions,customs,arts,andartifactsthatarepasseddownthroughgenerationswithinasociety.Example:TheGreatWallofChinaisnotonlyamarvelofengineeringbutalsoapartofChina'sculturalheritage,representingitslonghistoryandperseverance.

14.palace:agrandresidencetypicallyassociatedwithroyaltyorhigh-rankingofficials.Example:ThePalaceofVersaillesinFranceisrenownedforitsopulentarchitectureandbeautifulgardens,anditwastheprincipalresidenceoftheFrenchkingsduringthe17thand18thcenturies.

15.philosophy:thestudyoffundamentalquestionsaboutexistence,knowledge,values,reason,andmore.Example:Plato,aGreekphilosopher,developedaphilosophicalsystemthatemphasizedthepursuitoftruthandtheidealformofgovernment.16.architecture:theartandscienceofdesigningbuildingsandstructures.Example:Gothicarchitectureisknownforitspointedarches,ribbedvaults,andflyingbuttresses,asseeninthefamousNotre-DameCathedralinParis.17.artifact:anobjectmadebyhumans,typicallyofhistoricalorculturalinterest.Example:TheRosettaStoneisanancientEgyptianartifactthatprovidedthekeytodecipheringhieroglyphs.18.pottery:ceramicwaremadebyshapingandthenfiringclay.Example:AncientGreekpotteryisrenownedforitsintricatedesignsandstorytellingscenes.19.sculpture:theartofmakingtwo-orthree-dimensionalrepresentativeorabstractforms.Example:Michelangelo's"David"isarenownedsculpturethatexemplifiestheRenaissanceidealofhumanbeautyandperfection.20.painting:theactionorskillofusingpainteitherinapictureorasdecoration.Example:TheMonaLisa,paintedbyLeonardodaVinci,isoneofthemostfamousandenigmaticpaintingsintheworld.21.literature:writtenworks,especiallythoseconsideredofsuperiororlastingartisticmerit.Example:Shakespeare'splaysandsonnetshavehadalastingimpactonEnglishliteratureandculture.22.music:anartformwhosemediumissoundandsilence,ofteninvolvingvocalorinstrumentalsounds.Example:Beethoven'ssymphoniesarecelebratedassomeofthegreatestachievementsinthehistoryofmusic.23.dance:tomoverhythmicallytomusic,typicallyfollowingasetsequenceofsteps.Example:BalletisaclassicaldanceformthatoriginatedintheItalianRenaissancecourtsofthe15thcentury.24.theater:abuildingoroutdoorareainwhichplays,andotherdramaticperformancesaregiven.Example:TheGlobeTheatreinLondonwasafamousplayhousewheremanyofShakespeare'splayswereperformed.25.festival:anevent,usuallyandtraditionallyreligious,markedbyfeasting,revelry,orregionalcustoms.Example:TheRiodeJaneiroCarnivalisavibrantfestivalknownforitscolorfulparades,costumes,andmusic.26.tradition:thetransmissionofcustomsorbeliefsfromgenerationtogeneration.Example:TheJapaneseteaceremonyisatraditionthatreflectstheaestheticsandphilosophyofJapaneseculture.27.custom:atraditionalandwidelyacceptedwayofbehavingordoingsomethingthatisparticulartoasociety,place,ortime.Example:Inmanycultures,itisacustomtotakeoffone'sshoesbeforeenteringahome.28.religion:asetofbeliefs,values,andpracticesbasedontheteachingsofaspiritualleaderordeity.Example:Buddhism,foundedbySiddharthaGautama,emphasizestheimportanceofmindfulness,compassion,andthepursuitofenlightenment.29.belief:anacceptancethatsomethingexistsoristrue,especiallyonewithoutproof.Example:Thebeliefinghostsandspiritsisacommonsuperstitioninmanycultures.30.mythology:acollectionofmyths,especiallyonebelongingtoaparticularsacred,religious,orculturaltraditionofagroupofpeople.Example:Greekmythologyisfilledwithstoriesofgods,goddesses,heroes,andmonsters,andhasinfluencedWesternliteratureandart.31.heritage:somethingthatisinheritedfrompastgenerations,suchastraditions,cultures,orhistoricalsites.Example:TheAcropolisofAthensisaheritagesitethatshowcasesthearchitecturalandculturalachievementsofancientGreece.32.monument:atypeofstructurethatisbuilttocommemorateasignificantperson,event,orperiodinhistory.Example:TheWashingtonMonumentintheUnitedStatesisatoweringobeliskthathonorsthefirstPresidentofthecountry,GeorgeWashington.33.artifact:anobjectthatwasmadeorusedbyhumansinthepast,oftendiscoveredthrougharchaeologicalexcavations.Example:TheTerracottaArmyinChinaisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizedterracottawarriorstatuesthatwereburiedwiththefirstemperorofChina,QinShiHuang.34.dynasty:asequenceofrulersfromthesamefamilywhosucceedoneanotheringoverningacountryorempire.Example:TheMingDynastyinChinalastedfornearly300yearsandisknownforitsadvancementsinart,literature,andexploration.35.palace:agrandandluxuriousresidence,typicallybuiltforaking,queen,orotherhigh-rankingofficial.Example:TheAlhambrainGranada,Spain,isastunningpalaceandfortresscomplexthatwasoncetheresidenceofMuslimmonarchs.36.temple:asacredbuildingorplaceofworship,oftendedicatedtoaparticulardeityorreligiousfigure.Example:TheTempleoftheEmeraldBuddhainThailandisareveredBuddhisttemplethathousesamagnificentstatueoftheBuddhamadefromjade.37.philosopher:apersonwhoengagesindeepthoughtandcontemplationaboutthenatureofexistence,knowledge,values,andreason.Example:Socrates,anancientGreekphilosopher,isknownforhismethodofquestioningandlogicalargumentation,knownastheSocraticmethod.38.civilization:acomplexhumansocietythatischaracterizedbyadvancedsocial,political,andculturaldevelopment.Example:TheRomanEmpirewasapowerfulcivilizationthatleftalastinglegacyinlaw,architecture,andlanguage.39.emperor:thetitlegiventotherulerofanempire,whoholdssupremeauthorityandpower.Example:EmperorNapoleonBonaparteofFrancewasaprominentfigureinEuropeanhistory,knownforhismilitaryconquestsandpoliticalreforms.40.kingdom:arealmorterritorythatisruledbyakingorqueen.Example:TheKingdomofSaudiArabiaisavastcountryintheMiddleEastthatisgovernedbyamonarchy.41.philosopher:athinkerwhoseekswisdomandtruththroughrationalthoughtandcontemplation.Example:ImmanuelKant,aGermanphilosopher,isknownforhiscontributionstoethics,metaphysics,andthephilosophyofknowledge.42.architecture:theartandscienceofdesigningandconstructingbuildingsandotherphysicalstructures.Example:Gothicarchitectureisknownforitssoaringcathedrals,pointedarches,andintricatestainedglasswindows.43.artifact:anobjectthatwascreatedorusedbyhumansinthepast,oftendiscoveredthrougharchaeologicalexcavations.Example:TheDeadSeaScrollsareancientJewishmanuscriptsthatprovidevaluableinsightsintoreligiousandhistoricaltexts.44.pottery:theartofmakingceramicobjects,suchasbowls,vases,andplates,byshapingclayandfiringitinakiln.Example:AncientGreekpotteryisrenownedforitsintricatedesignsandnarrativesthatdepictscenesfrommythologyanddailylife.45.sculpture:theartofcreatingthree-dimensionalworksofart,typicallybycarving,modeling,orcasting.Example:Michelangelo's"David"isarenownedsculpturethatcapturestheidealizedhumanformandshowcasestheartist'sskillandtechnique.46.painting:th