Unit3BacktothepastGrammarandusage表語從句課件高中英語牛津譯林版(2020)選擇性

Unit3BacktothepastGrammarandusage表語從句PredicativeClause

WhatdoyouknowaboutthegreathistorianSimaQian?Bornineither145or135BCE,duringChina’sHanDynasty,SimaQianis“thefatherofChinesehistory”.SimaQianwrote

ShiJi,

or

RecordsoftheGrandHistorian.Lead-in1(Reading)對(duì)......感興趣周游全國獲取廣泛的信息接替他父親成為太史令方便他接觸......整理可用的資源

takeaninterestin...travelextensivelyacrossthecountrygetawiderangeofinformationsucceedhisfatherasGrandHistorianfacilitatehisaccessto...sortoutavailableresourcesUsefulExpressions需要艱苦的努力有效且高效地繼續(xù)某事被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄身體上和精神上無論順境還是逆境requirepainstakingeffortseffectivelyandefficientlycarryonwith...beputinprisonphysicallyandmentallyingoodtimesorbadtimesUsefulExpressionsThetwopoliciesarecontradictory.Thisisawaterpump.Hisjobistohandletheproblem.Lead-in2predicativeThetwopoliciesare

contradictory.Thisisawaterpump.Hisjobis

tohandletheproblem.

表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞過去分詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、副詞、介詞短語、形容詞、不定式和從句等來充當(dāng),它常位于系動(dòng)詞之后。。LinkingVerbs系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞感官類變化類am,is,are,was,werelook,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem系動(dòng)詞有：“似乎”seem,appearWhataboutpredicativeclause?1.Thecaketastesgood.2.Hekeepsworkingouteveryday.3.Yesterdayishistory.Tomorrowisamystery.Todayisagift.That’swhyit’scalledthepresent!形容詞充當(dāng)表語動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)表語名詞充當(dāng)表語句子充當(dāng)表語(表語從句)Thatiswhyitiscalledthepresent!

___________________________主語系動(dòng)詞表語從句總結(jié)：

表語從句是指__________________________,緊跟在________之后，對(duì)主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。用_______語序。結(jié)構(gòu)：_________________________________。從句在句子中充當(dāng)表語系動(dòng)詞___主語+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句陳述表語從句SimaQian,oneofthegreatesthistoriansinChinesehistory,wasbornineither145or135BCE.Influencedbyhisfather,whowasalsoahistorian,SimaQiantookaninterestinhistorywhenhewasachild.HelearntChineseclassicsfromgreatliterarymasters,andattheageof20,hebegantravellingextensivelyacrossthecountry.Heinterviewedthelocalpeopletogetawiderangeofinformation.Learningandtravellingwereexactlywhathelpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.BelowisanessayonthegreathistorianSimaQian.Findthesentenceswithpredicativeclausesandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.ExploringtherulesWecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofasentence.Wecanusethattointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(1)_________.Wecanusewhethertointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(2)________________.Wecanusewhat,why,when,where,etc.tointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(3)___________.statementyes-noquestionwh-questionWorkouttherules引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞:that,whether,asif,asthough,because…連接副詞:

when,where,how,why,…+(ever)連接代詞:

what,who,whom,whose,which,…+everPredicativeclauses1.Themostimportantthingisthatwefinishthefinaltask.2.Thequestionis

whetherwecanfinishitinsuchashorttime.用法歸納：a.that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/沒有意義。b.whether引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻譯為“______”。注意，引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)通常不用if。連接√√連接√是否一、從屬連詞(1)從屬連詞:that&whether

特殊規(guī)則：特定名詞+that+（should）do結(jié)構(gòu)用法歸納：

表示___________________(advise,suggestion,request,proposal,idea,demand,order)等后面的表語，那么表語從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,即謂語動(dòng)詞用“should

+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。建議，要求，命令1.Myadviceisthatyou(should)thinkitoverbeforeyoumakeadecision.(should)take(should)befinished(1)從屬連詞:

asif/asthough

“似乎、好像”1.Helooksasifhewerearichman.2.Helookedjust

asifhehadlookedtenyearsbefore.

3.Itlooksasifitmightrain.asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句1.如果是事實(shí)，就用陳述語氣；2.如果與事實(shí)不符，就用虛擬語氣(從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式；從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞；從句表示將來的可能性不大，用would/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形)。(1)從屬連詞:

because

1.Hefailedthemathexam.That‘sbecausehewastoocareless.2.Hewastoocareless.That’swhyhefailedthemathexam.

3.Thereasonwhyhefailedthemathexamisthathewastoocareless.用法歸納：This/That/Itis/wasbecause+原因…This/That/Itis/waswhy+結(jié)果…Thereasonwhy+結(jié)果...is/wasthat+原因...語法填空：1).Thereason_______wedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．2).Thereason__________hegaveforhisabsentis______hewasill.3).Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis_________aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.4).Hefailedthemathexam.That’s__________hewastoocareless.5).Hewastoocareless.That’s______hefailedthemathexam.6).Thereason____hefailedthemathexamis_____hewastoocareless.whythatthatthatbecausebecausewhythatwhy(2)連接代詞:

who,whom,whose,which,what,wh-ever1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework.2.Thequestioniswho/whomIshouldaskforadvice.3.MytroubleiswhoseadviceIshouldfollow.4.Mytopconcerniswhichjobissuitableforme.5.Exerciseiswhatkeepsushealthy.6.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.what可以表示“什么，什么樣子，或所…的（人或事）”歸納：what,who,whom,whose,which等起連接作用，在從句中可充當(dāng)______________________等成分。我們依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。如果句子中缺主語，指人用_______，指物用_______。如缺賓語，指人用______，指物用________。如缺定語用_________或_________。主語、表語、賓語whowhatwhomwhatwhatwhich1).Theproblemis

willwatermyplantswhenIamaway.2).Thatis

Iwanttotellyou.3).Thingsarenotalways

theyseem.4).Thismuseumisnot______itwastenyearsago.5).WhatIwanttoknowis

roadweshouldtake.whowhatwhatwhatwhich三：連接副詞That’s_______Ican'tagreewithyou.b.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas______wewerevisitingthe

WaterPark.c.Sarawascaughtinatrafficjamthismorning.Thatis_____why

shewaslateforclass.when,where,how,why等起連接作用，在從句中分別充當(dāng)______,表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因等。我們依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。如缺時(shí)間狀語用_________；地點(diǎn)狀語用_________。原因狀語用_______；方式狀語用________。wherewhy狀語whenwhenwherewhyhow1).Whathewondersis

theycanfinishtheirwork.2).Thisis

ourbasicinterestlies.3).Hewasill.That's

hewassenttothehospital.4).Thatwas

Iwasfifteen.5).That’s

youarewrong.6).Theproblemis

wecansolvetheproblem.whenwherewhywhenwherehowThefactis_____weshoulddependonourselves.Thecityisnolonger______itwastenyearsago.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas______hescoredthewinninggoal.Thisis______myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest._______surprisedmemostwas_____hespokeSpanishsofluently.Allshe’sworriedaboutis__________heisallright.Themostimportantthingis______wecangetthroughthedifficulttimes.Shelooks_______shewereill.whenwhatwhatthatWhatthatwhetherhowasifConsolidationWhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis_______shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.Thequestionremains_________theywillbeabletohelpus.Itappears_____hehasatasteformusic.Itsounds______someoneisknockingatthedoor.Thatis________LuXunoncelived.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis_______aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.whywhetherthatasifwhere

becauseApplyingtherulesB1

Completethesentenceswithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.1.Igotsixbooksfromthelibrary.Thequestionis________oneIshouldreadfirst!2.Thetruthis_____therearemanyreasonswhywarsbreakout.3.Wehavemadeitrulethatvisitorsmustnottouchthechinavases.Theproblemis______somevisitorsdonotpayattentiontoit.whichthatthat4.Themuseumwasclosed.Thatwas_______wecouldn’tseethehistoricaldocuments.5.Thetwohistoriansdisagreewitheachother.Thequestionis__________itispossibletoprovewhoisright.6.Besideshavingthehistoryclassesatschool,wealsovisithistoricdestinations.Thatis_______welearnaboutimportanteventsinhistory.whywhetherhowApplyingtherulesB2

BelowisanarticleabouttheShiji.Completethearticlebelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.

Applyingtherules

Totallingover520,000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofabout3,000years,theShiji

consistsof130chaptersinfivecategories.Whatmakesthisbookremarkableincontentis(1)_______itnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionsofhistoricalfiguressuchasemperors,ministersorotherexceptionalfigures,butalsolistsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.Anotherthingtonoteis(2)_______itcoversadvancesinastronomy,music,thecalenderandsoon.thatthat OneofthemainfeaturesoftheShijiis(3)______thebiographiesarepresented－intheformofstoriesratherthandryfacts.SimaQianwasabletouseasmallnumberofwordstodescribeahistoricaleventorfigurevividly.Someofthephrasesemployedinthisbookarestillinconstantuse. Eventoday,theeventsandfiguresintheShijiseemrealwhenyoureadaboutthem.Laterhistorianswrote23moreofficialhistoriesinasimilarformat.TogetherwiththeShiji,thesewereeditedintheQingDynasty.Thatis(4)______theseworksbecameknownastheTwenty-FourHistories.TheyareamongthemostimportantrecordsofChinesehistory.howwhyTextbookp70C.Fillintheblankswithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.1.Mydreamis_______Icanstudyarcha