涿州市1高考英語閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)系列訓(xùn)練及答案

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精涿州市2014高考英語閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)系列訓(xùn)練（2）及答案(第*****＊篇)HowtoBeaWinnerSirStevenRedgraveWinnerof5OlympicGoldMedals“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes（糖尿病）．Believingmycareer(職業(yè)生涯）wasover，Ifeltextremelylow。ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting。Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded。IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself。Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes。ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet。Nothingistostandinmyway.”KarenPickeringSwimmingWorldChampion“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary。Thisisthekeytosuceess—youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwellorganized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself，writedownyourgoalsfortheday，howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem."KirstenBestPoet&Writer“Whenthingsaregettinghard，avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions，_suchasfamilyorhobbies。Thekeyistoconcentrate。WhenIfeeltense，ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm',‘peace’or‘focus’，eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind。Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological(心理的）tool.”[語篇解讀]本文敘述了三位名人在成功的道路上所經(jīng)歷的不同的事情，一是戰(zhàn)勝了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困難，一是通過堅(jiān)持不懈努力,最后都取得了勝利。1．WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A。Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C。Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease。D。Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin。［解析］推理判斷題。第一部分寫了SirSteven得了糖尿病，但最終克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。[答案]D2．WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary？A。Hertrainingschedule。B。Herdailyhappenings。C。Herachievements.D。Hersportscareer.[解析］事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子內(nèi)容，即她的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃。［答案］A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions"probablyreferto？A.Waysthathelponetofocus.B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.C.Activitiesthatturnone’sattentionaway。D。Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax。［解析]猜測(cè)詞義題。從下文“Thekeyistoconcentrate?！笨梢酝瞥鍪侵阜稚⒆骷易⒁饬Φ幕顒?dòng)。［答案]C4．Accordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?A.Courage。 B。Devotion.C。Hardwork。 D。Selfconfidence。［解析］事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一部分中“IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself."，第二部分中“Trustyourself.。?！奔暗谌糠种小癐tmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence..。"都表明自信是他們?nèi)齻€(gè)的共同之處.［答案］D[長(zhǎng)難句解讀］Trustyourself，writedownyourgoalsfortheday，howeversmalltheyare，andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.相信你自己，不論目標(biāo)多小,每天把它們寫下來,這樣你會(huì)向?qū)崿F(xiàn)它們又邁進(jìn)了一步?！捌硎咕洌玜nd/or＋現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，祈使句可轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的條件句。本句含有兩個(gè)祈使句，第二個(gè)祈使句又含有一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。**＊＊＊＊＊****＊＊＊**＊＊＊＊*＊**＊*＊*＊*＊**＊*＊＊*****＊＊＊＊＊＊*＊＊結(jié)束科普說明文：Africanelephant有兩個(gè)不同的種類66.fossils定位，找到第三段第一句,有兩種fossils,mam和mas，選項(xiàng)D67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence與distinct同義替換，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C68。conclusion，basedon定位，找到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句layin與basedon同義替換,答案：A69。AR定位,找到倒數(shù)第一段,從AR的話中，第一句forconservationpurpose，最后一句forconservationpurpose確定A70.文章首句點(diǎn)明全文主旨,答案:C4.（2011·江西卷）DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace？Whyshouldmoney，timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits？WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked。Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments？Thewiderthespreadofaspecies，thebetteritschanceofsurvival。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible。Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso，anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor。Withoutknowledge，wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger。Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects。Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潛在的）resourcestobefound。Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem，theywillperhapsbeusefullater。Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives。Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction，insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems。Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby—products（副產(chǎn)品）oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist。Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative，braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus。Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive。Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace，thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist。WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent，buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.71.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1？ A。Toexpresshisdoubts. B.Tocomparedifferentideas。 C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion. D。TodescribetheconditionsonEarth。72。WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2? A。Humansarenature—borntodoso。 B.Humanshavethetendencytofight. C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood。 D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.73。Theunderlinedword“spin-offs”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______。 A.survivalchances B.potentialresources C。unexpectedbenefits D.physicalpossessions74。Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets？ A。O urgeneticmakeup. B.Resourcesontheearth.. C。Theadaptiveabilityofhumans。 D.By-productsinspaceexploration.75。Whichofthestatementscanbestsumunthepassage? A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders. B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney。 C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.解析：71.推理判斷題.答案選C.文章是典型的議論說明文，是提出問題，分析問題的套路。第一段通過提出一系列關(guān)于太空探索利弊的問題引發(fā)討論.并不是真的有這些懷疑，也沒有鮮明的正反觀點(diǎn)，所以AB不對(duì)。D偏差較遠(yuǎn).

72.主旨題.答案選A。第二段是典型的總分總結(jié)構(gòu),主旨句在段首段尾.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings。主要原因在于人類基因。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.而B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在fight這個(gè)詞。CD沒提及。73。詞義猜測(cè)題.選C。根據(jù)spinoff前面的wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoff關(guān)鍵詞benefit，受益。而spinoff后面的including…說的全是獲得的利益，如improvementsinearthquakeprediction.地震預(yù)測(cè)的進(jìn)步等等，而不是什么生存機(jī)會(huì)，或者潛在資源。所以選C。74.細(xì)節(jié)題.答案選C。按照問題順序一致原則,答案應(yīng)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在最后兩段。在最后一段的首句我們找到了一個(gè)極端詞用以定位。Whileearthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife，surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.直接由翻譯可知，人類的適應(yīng)能力使我們?cè)谄渌乔虻木幼〕蔀榭赡堋?5.推理判斷題。選D.除去前兩段引入，第三段主旨句(首句）的意思是每個(gè)文明都會(huì)探索周圍文明以減低危險(xiǎn)，第四段主旨句（首句）說的是探索使得我們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在能源。第五段主旨句（首句）說的是探索使得很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)解決問題的有用資源.總的來說，就可歸結(jié)為,太空探索可以幫助我們很多，避免很多問題。*＊＊＊＊***＊＊＊＊******＊**＊*＊＊**＊**＊****＊＊＊＊**＊＊*＊＊＊＊**＊***＊＊＊*＊＊＊**＊*結(jié)束短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分） 此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷:如無錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊的橫線上劃一個(gè)(√）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤）；則按下列情況改正： 此行多一詞:把多余的詞用斜線(\）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。 此行缺一詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。 此行錯(cuò)一詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。 注意：原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改. Thisisastorytoldbymyfather：“WhenIwasboy， 66。themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpring

67.Festival．Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworld

68.butcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes．Onetime,Ijust 69。couldn'twaitfortheSpringFestivaldinner．AsIwas

70.abouttakeapiecefromacookedduck,IsawGrandmain

71。thekitchenlookingatme．Shakeherhead,shesaid,‘It

72。isn'tagoodtimetodothat，dear．'AtonceIapologize

73。andcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted．You

74。know，thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth．"

75。參考答案、、66。boy前加a67。去掉when68。cooker改為cook69.but改為and70?！?1.about后加to72。Shake改為Shaking73.apologize改為apologized74.me改為myself75。month改為months**＊＊*＊＊*＊*＊****＊**＊＊*＊＊*＊＊＊****＊＊＊＊**＊＊**＊*＊**＊＊**＊*＊**＊**＊＊結(jié)束例1（2012江蘇卷）DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic（流行?。﹕weepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges，suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop—eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfannersaregettingolder，andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus（普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65。Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan，aformercollegeprofessor，ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopthegrayingof。America’sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo。1onalistof”useless”collegedegrees。Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn’tbeanythingthat’smoreincorrect,”Merrigansaid."Weknowthattherearen’tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture。Inaddition，agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70％morefoodproductionby2050，shesaid?！癐trulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture。Globaldemandisatanall—timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall—timerecordlows,"saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau."Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture?！盩heDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood。TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest，presidentofFutureFannersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase，travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture。The21-year—oldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture-willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics。Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(創(chuàng)新）intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid?！皌here’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin?！?9。WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A。Fewerandolderfarmers。 B.Higherfuelprices。C。Morenaturaldisasters。 D.Loweragriculturaloutput.［點(diǎn)撥]A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Thecountry’sfarmersaregettingolder，andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace”可知，A項(xiàng)正確.60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry？A. Todrawfederalagricultureofficials’attention.B。 Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates。C。 Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D。 Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers［點(diǎn)撥]D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中“…i