中考人教版英語一輪復習+專題復習課件+專題一　名詞課件

專題一名詞語法專題篇考點一名詞詞義辨析[考點剖析]在單項填空(必考1題)和完形填空A(考查2～4題)中對名詞辨析的考查，主要以語境辨析和近義詞辨析為主，側重考查對語境的理解。考點解讀一、語境辨析分析中考近幾年單項填空、完形填空，其中名詞辨析側重于對語境辨析的考查，同時較少涉及單復數和固定搭配。學生在做題時，首先應讀懂句意，抓住題干中的關鍵信息，并分析各個選項的意思，結合生活常識及語境，即可選出正確答案。二、?？家族e名詞匯總1pronunciation發(fā)音；voice嗓音；sound聲響；noise噪聲2health健康；wealth財富；weight重量，體重；height高度，身高3trouble困難；problem難題，問題；question問題，疑問；difficulty困難4discussion討論；resolution決心；instruction指示，命令；invention發(fā)明5price價格；prize獎品；pride驕傲，自豪6friendship友誼；relationship關系；relative親戚，親屬7suggestion建議[C]；advice建議，忠告[U]8agreement同意，一致；development發(fā)展；environment環(huán)境；government政府；instrument樂器9subject科目；project項目，工程；program節(jié)目；progress進步；promise承諾10member成員；number數字，號碼11chance機會；choice選擇；change變化，零錢12information信息[U]；news新聞[U]；message消息[C][考點搶測]1．(2023·江西)—Kevin，couldyoupassmesome

？It'ssohottoday.I'mreallythirsty.—OK.Hereyouare.A．rice

B．breadC．water B． D．chickenC2．Whichicecreamdoyouwant,Mary?Youcan'thaveallofthem.Youhavetomakea

．A．wish B．surveyC．choice D．callC3．(2022·贛州模擬)Mr.BlacksavedanoldladyfromtheGanjiangRiver.What(a)great

heshowed!A．trouble B．interestC．courage D．energyC[考點剖析]一、名詞的分類考點二名詞的數類型用法例詞專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、機構、組織等名稱的詞Alice，Canada，theGreatWall類型用法例詞普通名詞可數名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物的詞book，desk，table，bike，plane集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的詞family，class，police，team，group不可數名詞物質名詞表示構成各種物體的物質或材料的詞glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞danger，health，love，success，interest二、可數名詞單復數變化規(guī)律情況構成方法例詞一般情況加-scap→caps；dog→dogs；bike→bikes；driver→drivers以字母s、sh、ch、x等結尾加-esbus→buses；wish→wishes；watch→watches；box→boxes以“輔音字母＋y”結尾變y為i，再加-eslady→ladies；century→centuries；family→families；story→stories情況構成方法例詞以f或fe結尾一般變f、fe為v，再加-esleaf→leaves；life→lives；half→halves；knife→knives以o結尾o前為輔音音素時加-es；o前為元音音素時加-stomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；radio→radios；zoo→zoos；例外：photo→photos；piano→pianos三、常見的不可數名詞歸納及用法物質名詞食物bread(面包)，meat(肉)，cheese(奶酪)液體milk(牛奶)，water(水)，wine(葡萄酒)，oil(油)自然物體soil(土壤)，sand(沙子)，wood(木頭)抽象名詞情感joy(高興)，friendship(友情)，peace(和平)語言Chinese(漢語),English(英語),French(法語)學科math(數學)，geography(地理),physics(物理學)，chemistry(化學)概念population人口，knowledge知識其他time(時間)，money(金錢)，weather(天氣)，information(信息)，news(新聞；消息)[考點搶測]完形填空B)Mr.Whiteworksinanoffice.Helikedreadinginbedwhenhewasatschool.Itwasbadforhis1.________andnowheisshortsighted.Buthewouldn'twantanybodytoknowaboutitandheneverwearsapairof2.________．Itoftenbringshimsome3.________．eyesglassestroubleOnewintermorninghewassenttoavillageschoolonbusiness.Hegotoffabusata4.________inasmalltown.Thenhehadtowalkthere.Theroadtothevillagewasn'tsmooth.Hefelloversometimesanditmadehis5.________dirty.Finallyhegottothevillage.Suddenlyitbegantoblowanditgotcooler.Hewaslookingfortheschoolwhenhis6.________wasblownoff.Hebegantorunafteritbuthecouldn'tgetit.Hecouldn'tunderstandwhyhishatranintoahouseasifithad7.________．Andheranintothehouse，too.stopclotheshatlegsAwomanstoppedhimandshoutedangrily，“Whatareyourunningaftermyhenfor？”[考點剖析]一、of

所有格的用法of所有格主要用于表示無生命名詞的所屬關系，其結構為“of＋名詞”，如theuseofthepaper這張紙的使用?？键c三名詞所有格二、-'s名詞所有格的用法類型構成例詞單數名詞一般在詞尾加-'sJack'sbook杰克的書復數名詞以s結尾的加-'Teachers'Day教師節(jié)不以s結尾的加-'sChildren'sDay兒童節(jié)三、雙重所有格的用法構成例句of＋-'sHeisafriendofmybrother's．他是我哥哥的一個朋友。of＋名詞性物主代詞Issheadaughterofyours？她是你的女兒嗎？of＋one'sownHeisveryindependent.Healwayshasideasofhisown．他很獨立。他總是有他自己的想法。[注意]雙重所有格與一般所有格的表意有所不同。ThisisapictureofMs.Wang's.這是王女士持有的一張照片。(照片上可能不是王女士)ThisisapictureofMs.Wang.這是王女士的照片。(照片上是王女士本人)[考點搶測]1．Theboyoverthereis

brother.Heisflyingakite.A．Lucy'sandLily'sB．LucyandLily'sC．Lucy'sandLilyD．LucyandLilyB2．It'saboutforty

walkfromyourschooltotheCityLibrary.A．minute B．minute'sC．minutes' D．minutesC3．Lindaisafriendofmy

．Mysisterlikestohangoutwithher.A．sister B．sister'sC．sisters D．sisters'B語篇學語法LastFriday，ourgradetookalearningtriptoanearbyfarm.Therearesixclassesinourgradeanditwasledbysix1.________teachersandeightmenteachers.Eachclasshasforty2.________.Eachofusbroughtabottleofwaterandsome3.________food.potato

health

match

meaning

child

farmer

woman

foxwomenchildrenhealthy用所給名詞的適當形式填空Assoonaswegottothefarm，thewarm-hearted4.________showedusaroundtheirfarms.Wesawhorses，5.________，cows，sheepandotheranimals.Thentheytreateduswithfreshtomatoes，6.________andsweetstrawberries.Moreover，weplayedsomegamesandwehadfun.farmersfoxespotatoesSoonitwaslunchtime.Webuiltasimplestove(火爐)andgatheredsomedrybranches(樹枝).Mrs.Liutookoutaboxof7.________fromherpocketandmadeafire.Asthesayinggoes，“Manyhandsmakelightwork.”Beforelong，thepicnicwasready.How8.____________itistotakesuchanactivity!Weneednotonlytostudyhard,butalsotorelaxourselves.matchesmeaningful[語篇解讀]

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要記述了作者的一次全年級研學旅行。大家一同前往農場體驗生活，近距離觀看動物與農作物，并一起野餐和游戲。作者通過此次活動得到啟發(fā)，我們應當勞逸結合，適時放松自己。任務1：閱讀上面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所給詞的適當形式填空。每個詞限用一次。任務2：采用連線的形式將“使用語境”和“示例”進行匹配。(可多選)使用語境1．上下文語境2．apairof/aboxof/allkindsof＋可數名詞復數3．大于1的基數詞4．可數名詞復數＋and/or＋可數名詞復數5．固定用法6．位于名詞前作定語示例A．Eachclasshasfortychildren.B．Thentheytreateduswithfreshtomatoes，potatoesandsweetstrawberries.C．Wesawhorses，foxes，cows，sheepandotheranimals.D．Mrs.Liutookoutaboxofmatchesfromherpocketandmadeafire.E．Eachofusbroughtabottleofwaterandsomehealthyfood.F．Howmeaningfulitistotakesuchanactivity!任務3：請寫出表格左列例詞的復數形式，總結變形規(guī)律。例詞名詞單數變復數基本規(guī)律①star________(2020.51)

②skill________(2019.51)③sign________(2018.55)④goal________(2017.53)⑤area________(2016.52)⑥tree________(2015.54，2013.61)一般單詞加⑦____________starsskillssignsgoalsareastrees-s例詞名詞單數變復數基本規(guī)律⑧box________

⑨brush________以s，x，sh，ch結尾的加⑩____________?hero________

?tomato________以輔音字母加o結尾的加?____________?family________

?story________以輔音字母加y結尾的?______________boxesbrushes-esheroestomatoes-esfamiliesstories變y為i加-es例詞名詞單數變復數基本規(guī)律?wife________

?half________以f或fe結尾的?__________________?deer________

?fish________少數名詞單復數同形，如sheepwiveshalves變f/fe為v，再加-esdeerfish例詞名詞單數變復數基本規(guī)律?man________

?woman________?foot________

?tooth________?goose________

?mouse________少數名詞具有特殊的復數形式menwomenfeetteethgeesemiceⅠ.單項填空1．(2022·福建)—Betty，you'dbetterfollowthedoctor's________anddomoreexercise.—Iwill.Thankyou.A．advice

B．agreementC．informationA強化訓練advice“建議”；agreement“同意”；information“信息”。根據上一句句意“Betty，你最好聽從醫(yī)生的________并多鍛煉”可知，此處指聽從醫(yī)生的建議。故選A。2．(2022·新疆)—Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.—Exactly，soweshouldhavegoodeating________．A.tasks B．choicesC．grades D．habitsDtask“任務”；choice“選擇”；grade“成績”；habit“習慣”。根據上一句句意“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們學校的超重兒童越來越多”可知，此處指“我”們應該有良好的飲食習慣。故選D。3．(2022·安徽)—Idomorningexerciseseveryday.Itworksmywholebody.—It'sagoodhabit.Ithelpsyoukeepingood________.A．time B．touchC．health D．silenceCtime“時間”；touch“接觸”；health“健康”；silence“安靜”。根據語境及常識可知，每天做早操會幫助你保持身體健康。故選C。4．(2022·云南)Miss.Lihaslotsofteaching________．Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A．exercise B．excitementC．experience D．environmentCexercise“練習，鍛煉”；excitement“興奮”；experience“經驗”；environment“環(huán)境”。根據下一句句意“她有自己的方法使課堂生動有趣”可推知，上一句句意為“李老師有許多教學經驗”。故選C。5．(2022·甘肅武威、天水)The________rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.A．telephone B．doorbellC．clock D．bikeAtelephone“電話”；doorbell“門鈴”；clock“鐘表”；bike“自行車”。根據下一句句意“它是他兒子從紐約打過來的”可知，上一句句意為“電話響了，Pat接起了它”，故選A。6．(2022·重慶B卷)It'srainingheavily.Pleasetakethe________．A．stone B．flowerC．umbrella D．postcardCstone“石頭”；flower“花”；umbrella“雨傘”；postcard“明信片”。根據句意“雨下得很大，請帶________”可知選C。7．(2022·湖北武漢)—Whydoyoupracticet'aichieveryday?—BecausethisChineseformofexercisehelpsmerelaxandfindmyinner(內心的)________．A．voice B．qualityC．beauty D．peaceDvoice“說話聲”；quality“質量”；beauty“美麗”；peace“平靜”。句意：“你為什么每天練習太極？”“因為這種中國的運動方式幫助我放松，讓我找到內心的______?！备鶕湟饧斑x項漢語意思可知選D。8．(2022·江蘇連云港)Thehatisnottheright________forme.I'dlikeasmallerone.A．size B．styleC．color D．materialAsize“尺寸”；style“款式”；color“顏色”；material“材料”。根據句意“這頂帽子的________不適合我。我想要一頂小一點的”可知，此處指的是尺寸不合適。故選A。9．(2022·江蘇宿遷)Mygrandmaisgoodatpaper-cutting.Shecancutoutpicturesinthe________ofcartooncharacters.A．ability B．weightC．shape D．qualityCability“能力”；weight“體重”；shape“形狀”；quality“質量”。根據上一句句意“我奶奶擅長剪紙”可知，下一句句意為“她能剪出卡通人物形狀的圖片”。故選C。10．(2023·德興一模)Wecan'tlittereverywhere.Youknow，asmallstepmakesa________．A．call B．choiceC．decision D．differenceDcall“呼叫”；choice“選擇”；decision“決定”；difference“不同”。makeadifference“有不同”。根據“Wecan'tlittereverywhere.Youknow，asmallstepmakesa...(我們不能到處亂丟垃圾。你知道，一小步就有一個……)”可知，應是一小步就有不同。11．(2023·尋烏模擬)—What'sthe________ofyoursuccess?—Nevergiveupandbelieveinyourself.A．pleasure B．secretC．chance D．problemBpleasure“高興”；secret“秘密”；chance“機會”；problem“問題”。根據答語“Nevergiveupandbelieveinyourself.(永不放棄，相信自己)”可知，應是成功的秘訣。12．(2023·鄱陽模擬)Familyeducationhasanimportant________onchildren'sdevelopment，soparentsshouldcreateagoodenvironmentforthem.A．influence B．environmentC．population D．traditionAinfluence“影響”；environment“環(huán)境”；population“人口”；tradition“傳統(tǒng)”。根據soparentsshouldcreateagoodenvironmentforthem“所以父母應該為他們創(chuàng)造一個良好的環(huán)境”可知，此處是“家庭教育對孩子的發(fā)展有著重要的影響”。13．(2023·金溪一模)ThewomanastronautWangYapinggotthe________togointoouterspacethroughhardtraining.A．choice B．chanceC．ability D．troubleBchoice“選擇”；chance“機會”；ability“能力”；trouble“毛病”。分析所給詞匯并結合句意可知，此處指的是：獲得了一個“機會(chance)”。Ⅱ.完形填空AWhenIwokeup,rainwasloudlyhittingmywindow.Weekendsaremyonly1tosleepin，butIcouldn'tbecauseofthesoundoftherain.My2wasawakeandfullofideas，soIdecidedtogetupandfinishmyEnglishhomework.()1.A.accident

B．chanceC．treasure D．suggestion()2.A.ears B．eyesC．brain D．headBCIwenttoacoffeeshopandstartedtaking3ofwhatwashappeningaroundme.WhenIlookedattheparkinglot，anelderlycoupleinacarcaughtmy4.Afterparking，thewomangotoutandwenttohelpher5outofthecar.Theyenteredtheshoptogether.()3.A.notes B．booksC．turns D．place()4.A.heart B．breathC．hand D．attention()5.A.sister B．husbandC．daughter D．uncleADBAssoonastheycameinside，anothercarappearedintheparkinglot，withallfour6rolleddown(搖下來)andagroupofpeopleinside.Theteenagerwhowasdrivingithadturnedthespeakers(揚聲器)upsohighthatIcouldheartheir7insidethecoffeeshop.()6.A.teenagers B．doorsC．windows D．lights()7.A.music B．voiceC．shouting D．laughterCAHowever，theywerenotbadkids.Theywerejustenjoyingthemusic.Manymemoriesjumpedintomy8.IcouldnotstopthinkingaboutthepeoplewhohavebeenbymysidesinceIwasyoung.()8.A.face B．dreamC．life D．mindDSimilartolifeintherealworld，everyoneisdifferent，butwhether9orenemies，weareallstillpartofthesamegroup.Whenwedisagreewithothers，weshouldtakea10back，lookcarefullyand