2023外研版新教材高中英語選擇性必修第四冊同步練習(xí)-Unit 6　Space and beyond

Unit6Spaceandbeyond

五年高考練

i.閱讀理解

A

攜語境：語篇趟：建議用時(shí)：

（2021全國乙,D,共）

Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkabout

often.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干擾）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,??That,swhyIhavea

membershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfbcus.,,Hiscommentstruckmeas

strange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficeIayOUt（布局）.ButIrecently

cameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsof

creativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevels

inthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝）,70decibels,and85decibels.The

differencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsin

the70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffee

shop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggest

thatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsof

backgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevel

ofbackgroundnoise一nottooloudandnottotalsilence一mayactuallyimproveone,screative

thinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinking

justenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof

"distractedfbcus,,appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,we

can,tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers9conversationswhilewe,retryingtofocus.

Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreative

process,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealso

providingfreedomfrominterruptions.

詞匯積累

!.randomlyQdU.隨機(jī)地

2.outperformW.（效益上）超過勝過

!.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.

C.70decibels.D.85decibels.

3.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.

B.Limitedworkingspace.

C-Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.

0.Constantinterruptions.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He,sanewsreporter.

B.He,sanofficemanager.

C.He,saprofessionaldesigner.

D.He,sapublishedwriter.

B

主題語境：語篇類型：建議用時(shí)：

（2019課標(biāo)全國Π,D,*）

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroOrganiSmS（微生物）fromourbodies

growuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhours

cleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem7It,sturningtoa

bunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschool

classrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHigh

SchoolinFaiψo(hù)rt,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwo

years,Gordon,sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythink

they,reclosetoaSOIUtiOn（解決方案）.“Wedon,tgivethestudentsanybreaks.Theyhavetodoit

justlikeNASAengineers,,,saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“Therearenotests,,,Gordonsays.uThereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,

otherthan4Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoa17,Basically,it,sTVegottoproducethisproductand

then,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.9Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,

and...it,snotaverynicethingattimes.Ifsahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.^^

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（景鄉(xiāng)響）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallife

skills.??ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon,tteach."Andthat

annoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersaboutthe

problem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

詞匯積累

l.abunchof—群

2.presentu.提出提交

5.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.

B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.

D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

6.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents9communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

7.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.

B.Guideprojectdesigns.

C.Adjustworkschedules.

D.Gradetheirhomework.

8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts

B.SpacerTheFinalHomeworkFrontier

C-NaturezAnOutdoorClassroom

D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform

II.語法填空

主題語境：語篇類型：建議用時(shí)：。

(2020全國I,不)

Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.The

unmannedChang,e-4Probe(探測器)一thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoon

goddess-1(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon,sfar

sideis2(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon,sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunication

withaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsend

signalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)to

scientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepCraterS(環(huán)形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.Chinese

researchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang,e-46(find)andstudyareasofthe

SouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,,,CarlePieters,ascientistatBrown

University,says,??becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthe

moon8(construct).“Dataaboutthemoon,scomposition,suchashow9iceandother

treasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafutureIUnar(月球

的)basearepractical.

詞匯積累

1.unmannedMy.無人操作的;無人控制的

2.instrument〃.儀器;樂器;器具;器械

3.composition〃.成分;作品;作文

1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______

6.7.8.9.IO-

答案與分層梯度式解析

Unit6Spaceandbeyond

五年高考練

I.A

◎語篇解讀本文為說明文,主題語境是人與自我,主題語境內(nèi)容是樂于學(xué)習(xí),善于學(xué)習(xí)。作者得到啟示:開放

的工作環(huán)境有時(shí)有利于創(chuàng)造性思維。

1.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:為什么采訪者更喜歡共同工作空間？根據(jù)第一段中采訪者的這句話

‘That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.（那就是為什么我在街

對面的共同工作空間有會員——這樣我就可以集中注意力了。）”可以推斷出他之所以喜歡共同工作空間就

是因?yàn)槟芗凶⒁饬Α?/p>

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:哪種背景噪音水平可能提高創(chuàng)造性思維能力？根據(jù)第二段中“however,the

participantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffee

shop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.”和第三E殳第一句"Butsincetheresultsat70decibelswere

significant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence一

mayactuallyimproveone,screativethinkingability.”可知70分貝的背景噪音水平可能對提高創(chuàng)造性思維能力

是有幫助的。

3.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:是什么讓開放式辦公室不受很多人歡迎？從最后一段第二句"Theproblem

maybethat,inouroffices,wecan,tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers*conversationswhilewe,re

IryingtOfOCUS.”可以推斷出彳艮多人不喜歡開放式的辦公室鹵原因是總在想集中注意力工作時(shí)被卷入別人的

談話中,即總是會時(shí)不時(shí)被打斷。

4.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:關(guān)于作者我們能從文章中推斷出什么？根據(jù)文章第一句"Duringan

interviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewer...”可知作者是一位作家。

長難句

原句Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe

70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantly

outperformedtheothergroups.

分析本句中分號連接兩個(gè)分句,在第二個(gè)分句句首出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞。在第二個(gè)分句中,兩個(gè)破折號中

間的部分對前面的“theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup”進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

譯文大多數(shù)小組之間的差異沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義;然而,70分貝組的參與者——那些置身于噪音水平類似于咖啡

店背景聊天聲的人——表現(xiàn)得明顯優(yōu)于其他小組。

B

◎語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。美國國家航空航天局創(chuàng)辦

了一個(gè)名為HUNCH的項(xiàng)目,一群高中生在項(xiàng)目中研究如何殺死國際空間站的細(xì)菌。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思

維品質(zhì)。

5.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為我們對國際空間站的細(xì)菌的了解有哪些?根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞bacteriain

theInternationalSpaceStation可定位至第一E殳。根據(jù)第一段中“Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.

ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,so

astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachWeek可知,國際空間站的細(xì)菌非常難處理,所以選擇A項(xiàng)。B:它

們導(dǎo)致空氣污染;C:它們以不同的形式出現(xiàn);D:它們毀壞儀器。

6.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:HUNCH項(xiàng)目的目的是什么?第二段第一句"HUNCHisdesignedtoconnect

highschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.（HUNCH的設(shè)計(jì)目的是將高中教室與NASA的工程師聯(lián)系在一

起。）”中的highschoolclassrooms與D選項(xiàng)中的schooleducation（學(xué)校教育）對應(yīng),NASAengineers與D選項(xiàng)

中的spacetechnoIogy（空間技術(shù)）對應(yīng),故選DoA:為了加強(qiáng)師生關(guān)系;B:為了提升學(xué)生的交流技能;C:為了讓

學(xué)生體驗(yàn)失重。

7.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:NASA的工程師為參加此項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生做了些什么?根據(jù)題干中的NASA

engineersdo可定位至第三段的“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynice

thingattimes,lt,sahardbusinessreviewofyourPrOdUCt”,句中兩次出現(xiàn)review（檢查,審查）,證明NASA的工程

師做的事情就是對學(xué)生做出的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行檢查,所以答案是A項(xiàng)。B才旨導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì);C:調(diào)整工作時(shí)間表;D:

給他們的作業(yè)打分。

8.B主旨大意題。本題題干意為:最適合本文的標(biāo)題是什么?本文主要介紹HUNCH項(xiàng)目,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是有關(guān)太

空研究的.而且研究者都是高中生。根據(jù)以上要點(diǎn)可知,最佳選項(xiàng)是B項(xiàng)（SPaCe:TheFinalHomework

Frontier）,Space對應(yīng)太空研究,Homework對應(yīng)高中教育,Frontier（前沿）突出了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的領(lǐng)先性。文章并非

重點(diǎn)介紹NAS