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40分閱讀理解提分練(二)閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A[2020·武漢市高中畢業(yè)生6月供題]Thebestwaytoseetheworld'sarchitecturalmarvelsistovisittheminperson.SingaporeThearchitectureofSingaporeisfuturistictothepointwherevisitorsmayfeelliketheyhavesteppedontoasciencefictionfilm.TheGardensbytheBayisoneofthemostvisuallystrikingcreationsthatithastooffer,consistingoflargeparklanddottedwithstrangebutwonderfulstructures.BarcelonaEveryyearmillionsofpeoplefloodintothiscolorfulSpanishcitytoseetheuniqueworksoffamedarchitectAntoniGaudí.TheTempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamíliaisthemostpopularoftheseandisstillbeingbuilt,inspiteofthefactthatworkbeganallthewaybackin1882.Soifyouwanttoavoidthecrowds,youcantakeyourpickonyourtrip.AthensAncientarchitectureisabundantinAthens,withbuildingsthathavestoodforthousandsofyearsstillmanagingtotower.FromtheinspiringremainsoftheParthenontovariousspiritsincludingZeusandHephaestus,Athensistheplacetovisitifyouareeagertoseearchitecturefilledwithhistory.DubaiIfyouarelookingforbreathtakingarchitecture,Dubaiwillsatisfyyourcuriosity.FromtheunusualheightoftheBurjKhalifatotheimpressiveachievementofthePalmIsland,everythingseemsbiggerinDubaiandthereisluxury(奢華)inalmosteveryaspectofthecity,earningitaseriousreputationontheinternationaltravelscene.1.WhatisspecialaboutthearchitectureofSingapore?A.Supermodern.B.Extremelyold.C.Prettycolorful.D.Ratherplain.2.WhichisoneoftheworksofarchitectAntoniGaudí?A.BrujKhalifa.B.TheGardensbytheBay.C.TheParthenon.D.TheTempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamília.3.Wherewillyoutravelifyouarecuriousaboutoldtalesbehindarchitecture?A.ToSingapore.B.ToBarcelona.C.ToAthens.D.ToDubai.B[2020·濰坊市高三下學(xué)期模擬考試(二)]IworkatagrocerystoreinMontreal'sPlateauneighbourhood,whichgetsalotofregulars.OnMarch12,theQuebecgovernmentannouncedtocloseallpublicplacestostopthespreadofthepandemic(流行病)ofcoronavirus.ThenextdaythestorewasthebusiestI'veeverseen.Thesixcashregistershadtobekeptopenfrom10a.m.untilclose.It_was_nuts.Ididn'thavetimetoeatlunch,andwheneveroneofusoncashhadtousethebathroom,we'dhavetobringinaco-workeroffthefloortocoverforus.Sincethen,theatmosphereinthestorehasbeendifferent.Customersaremostlyconsiderate,butwheneversomeonecoughsorsneezes,everyoneturnsaroundtomakesurethatpersonsneezedintotheirelbow.I'veevenseencustomerseinwearingsomestrangeget-ups.OneguyevencameinwithaplasticWalmartbagwrappedaroundhisentirehead,withaslitcutoutforhiseyes.Alotofmyco-workershavelefttoavoidapublic-facingjobduringthepandemic.GrocerystoreworkersacrossCanadaareputtingtheirhealthatriskeverytimetheyeintowork,butalotofusarestillmakingclosetominimumwage.IrealizedthatIfeelmoreexhaustedthannormaleventhoughI'mworkingthesamehours.Therestillhavebeensomemomentsofkindnessinthemidstofthechaos.I'veoverheardpeopletalkingonthephonewhosoundedasthoughtheywereorganizinggrocerydeliveriesforthosestuckathome.Andthispastweekendaveryniceladythankedusforcontinuingtowork.Iknoweveryoneisworried,butit'suselesshavingthesamescaryconversationsdayafterday.Instead,tellusafunnyanecdote,oraboutsomethingnice.We'llappreciatethedistraction,andyou'llmakeourdayjustabitbrighter.4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowby“Itwasnuts.”inParagraph2?A.Thegoodswereinshortsupply.B.Thestorewashavingabigsale.C.Thecashiersplainedabouttheirwork.D.Thelocalsrushedtodoshoppinglikecrazy.5.WhatdoesParagraph3conveyaboutcustomers?A.Theyliketoshophereindisguise.B.Theyarepanickyaboutthedisease.C.Theyaremorefriendlytoeachother.D.Theyhavetakenproperpreventivemeasures.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Optimistic.B.Talented.C.Ambitious.D.Efficient.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ItisnotworkbutworrythatkillsB.HelpingothersishelpingourselvesC.MomentsofkindnessshineinatimeofchaosD.Hereiswhatit'slikeworkinginthepandemicC[2020·湖南省名校聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考]Anewdevice,ananti-solarpanel(板),canharvestenergyfromthecoldnightsky.Thecenterofthenewnightlightisathermoelectricgenerator(熱電發(fā)電機(jī)).Thesky-facingsideofthegeneratorisattachedtoanaluminumplatesealedbeneathatransparentcoverandsurroundedwithmaterialsthatcankeepheatout.Thisplatestayscoolerthanthesurroundingairbygivingoffheatitabsorbs.Meanwhile,thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplatethatiscontinuallywarmedbysurroundingair.Atnight,whennotbakingunderthesun,thetopplatecangetacoupleofdegreesCelsiuscoolerthanthebottomofthegenerator.Whenonesideofthegeneratoriscoolerthantheother,itproduceselectricity.EngineerWeiLiofStanfordUniversityandcolleaguestesteda20-centimeterprototype(雛形)ofthedeviceonaclearDecembernightinStanford.Thegeneratorproduceduptoabout25milliwattsofpowerpersquaremeterofthedevice—enoughtolightasmallLEDorlightbulb.Theteambelievesthatfurtherdesignimprovementscouldincreaseproductionuptoatleast0.5wattspersquaremeter.Thepowerproductionismuchlessthansolarpanels,butenoughforemergencybackuppower.Atypicallightbulbmightconsumeafewwattsofelectricity,saysShanhuiFan,anelectricalengineeratStanfordAaswathRaman,amaterialsscientistandengineeratUCLA,alsoimaginesusingtheirteam'sgeneratortohelppowerremoteweatherstations.Thismaybeespeciallyusefulinpolar(極地的)regionsthatdon'tseesunlightformonths,Ramansays.“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness,thismightbeaway.”8.Whyistheuppersideofthegeneratorcoolerthanthesurroundingair?A.Ithascoolmetal.B.Itsendsoutheat.C.Ittakesinnoheat.D.Itabsorbssurroundingair.9.Howdoesthenewdeviceproduceelectricity?A.Bycoolingairaroundit.B.Bymakingatransparentcover.C.Byusingtemperaturedifference.D.Bybeingexposedtothesunlight.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegenerator?A.Itoccupiesmuchspacetosetup.B.It'sofgreatuseinsunlessareas.C.It'swidelyusedaroundtheworld.D.Itequalssolarpanelsinpowerproduction.11.Whatistheengineers'attitudetothefutureofthedevice?A.Hopeful.B.Cautious.C.UncertainD.Objective.D[2020·泰安市高三第二輪復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Theoceancoversover70percentofthesurfaceofEarthtoday,butover3billionyearsagotheentireplanetmayhavebeencoveredinwater.Toinvestigatewhatourplanetwaslikebillionsofyearsago,ateamofresearchersturnedtoindirectmethodsofanalysisatageologicalsiteintheAustralianOutbackknownasPanorama(全景畫(huà))inthePilbaraCraton.Today,theregionis100kilometersinland,but3.2billionyearsago,itwasdeepunderwater.Infact,therewerealsoonceancienthydrothermalvents(熱水口)therewhereseawaterbubbledupthroughtheoceanfloor.“Therearenosamplesofreallyancientoceanwaterlyingaround,butwedohaverocksthatinteracted_withthatseawaterandrememberedthatinteraction,”leadauthorBenjaminJohnson,anassistantprofessoratIowaStateUniversity,saidinastatement.Theresearcherscollectedover100oftheserocksamplesandfoundsomethingpeculiarinthem:aslightlyhigheramountofaparticularisotope(同位素)ofoxygen.ThevastmajorityofoxygenonEarthisOxygen-16andcontainseightprotons(質(zhì)子)andeightneutrons.However,about0.20percentisOxygen-18.SamplesfromAustraliashowtheregion'sancientwatercontainedmoreOxygen-18thanpresenttimes.Sincecontinentsarecoveredinclay-richsoilthatisefficientattrappingOxygen-18,theteamsuggeststhatwithoutcontinentscoveredinsoil,moreOxygen-18wouldhavebeenpresentintheocean.Theirdiscoveryindeedsuggeststherewasn'tmuchdrylandavailable3.24billionyearsago.“There'snothinginwhatwe'vedonethatsaysyoucan'thavetiny,micro-continentsstickingoutoftheoceans,”addedco-authorBoswellWing.“Wejustdon'tthinktherewereglobal-scaleformationsofcontinentalsoilslikewehavetoday.”Theresearchersdon'tknowwhenandhowcontinentsbegantoemergeoutoftheoceanbuttheyplantoinvestigate“younger”rockformationstopiecetogetheramoreprecisetimeline.12.Whereistheresearchsite?A.Inaregiondeepunderwater.B.InaregionoffAustralia.C.InaregioninlandAustralia.D.InaregionoutsidethePilbaraCraton.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“interactedwith”inParagraph2mean?A.Haveaneffectoneachother.B.Haveaone-wayeffect.C.Haveamysteriouseffect.D.Haveanegativeeffect.14.What'stheresearchers'conclusionafteranalyzingsamplesfromAustralia?A.Modernearthmusthavebeenawaterworld.B.Modernearthmusthavebeenacontinentalworld.C.Ancientearthmayhavebeenawaterworld.D.Ancientearthmayhavebeenacontinentalworld.15.What'stheresearchers'nextfocusofthestudy?A.Toresearchcontinentalsoils'formations.B.Toresearchtheocean'sformations.C.Toresearch“older”rockformations.D.Toresearch“younger”rockformations.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。[2020·濰坊高三下學(xué)期二模]Includingchildreninthefarminglifestylehasmanybenefits.Sure,itisnicetohavetheadditionalhelpwithchores(家庭雜務(wù)),butitalsofosterssomuchgrowth,sendingourkidsdownagoodpathtowardswhotheywillsomedaybee.Itispossiblethatourchildrenwillgrowuptoleadlivesthatdonotincludefarming.__16__Throughcaringforfarmanimals,kidslearnthatinlifeothersoftenebeforeself.__17__Itdoesn'tmatterifwedon'tfeellikeitorifwearesickandtired.Whatmattersisthatwetakecareoftheanimalsthattakecareofusanddosoinatimelymanner.__18__Iftheworkonafarmdoesnotgetdone,theoperationfails.Ittakesdisciplineandmitmenttogetdowntobusinesseveryday,andseeingthisinactionwillgivekidsagoodworkattitude.Theywillknowandunderstandthatnothinggoodeseasyandthattheyhavetoworktosurvive.__19__Functioningaspartofaproductiveteamwillsurelybeplayingacrucialrolesoonerorlaterinallwalksoflife.Additionally,farmingteachespatience.__20__Cattlewillbedifficulttocontrol.Horseswillrunawaywhenyoutrytocatchthem.Goatswillkickoverthatbucketofhard-earnedmilk.Aroosterwilldecideyougottooclosetohishensandgiveyouarunforyourmoney.Inspiteofallthat,kidswilllearntobepatientandtakethingseasy.Theremaynotbeanyinstantreward,butinthelong-termkidswillseethebenefitofalltheireffortsduringthoseharddays.A.Atthesametime,theylearntoworkwithothers.B.Farmlifealsoteacheskidsthevalueofhardwork.C.Childrenlearntobegratefulforanimalsforeatingpurpose.D.Teamworkisnolongeranimportantskilltodevelopanduse.E.Therearegoingtobealotofdayswhenthingsdonotgoyourway.F.However,whattheylearnonafarmcanalsobeinstrumentalintheirfuturelives.G.Animalsneedtobefed,watered,andcaredforbeforewegettositdownandrelax.40分閱讀理解提分練(二)第一節(jié)A語(yǔ)篇類型:應(yīng)用文主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)——建筑技術(shù)——世界建筑奇跡[文章大意]文章介紹了新加坡、巴塞羅那、雅典及迪拜的建筑特色及其代表建筑。1.答案與解析:A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Singapore部分第一句“ThearchitectureofSingaporeisfuturistictothepointwherevisitorsmayfeelliketheyhavesteppedontoasciencefictionfilm.”可知,新加坡的建筑是非?,F(xiàn)代的。故選A。2.答案與解析:D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Barcelona部分第一句中的“toseetheuniqueworksoffamedarchitectAntoniGaudí”以及第二句中的“TheTempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamíliaisthemostpopularofthese.”可知,TempleExpiatoridelaSagradaFamília是AntoniGaudí的作品。故選D。3.答案與解析:C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Athens部分最后一句中的“Athensistheplacetovisitifyouareeagertoseearchitecturefilledwithhistory.”可推知,如果你對(duì)建筑背后的古老故事感到好奇,你可以去雅典參觀。故選C。B語(yǔ)篇類型:記敘文主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)——新型病源——新型冠狀病毒性肺炎的出現(xiàn)[文章大意]文章主要敘述了作者在新型冠狀病毒性肺炎大流行期間的工作情況。4.答案與解析:D推理判斷題。該題問(wèn)的是作者在第二段提到“Itwasnuts.”是要說(shuō)明什么。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“ThenextdaythestorewasthebusiestI'veeverseen.Thesixcashregistershadtobekeptopenfrom10a.m.untilclose.”(第二段第一、二句)可知,商店十分忙碌,收銀機(jī)從早到晚一直開(kāi)著。由此可推知,作者想說(shuō)明當(dāng)?shù)厝睡偪竦刳s去購(gòu)物。故選D。5.答案與解析:B推理判斷題。該題問(wèn)的是第三段傳達(dá)了關(guān)于顧客的什么信息。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Customersaremostlyconsiderate,butwheneversomeonecoughsorsneezes,everyoneturnsaroundtomakesurethatpersonsneezedintotheirelbow.I'veevenseencustomerseinwearingsomestrangeget-ups.OneguyevencameinwithaplasticWalmartbagwrappedaroundhisentirehead,withaslitcutoutforhiseyes.”(第三段第二至四句)可推知,他們對(duì)這種疾病感到恐慌。故選B。6.答案與解析:A推理判斷題。該題問(wèn)的是哪一項(xiàng)最適合描述作者。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Iknoweveryoneisworried,butit'suselesshavingthesamescaryconversationsdayafterday.Instead,tellusafunnyanecdote,oraboutsomethingnice.We'llappreciatethedistraction,andyou'llmakeourdayjustabitbrighter.”(第五段最后三句)可知,作者認(rèn)為不該每天都談?wù)撃切┮鹂只诺氖虑?,而?yīng)用輕松美好的故事來(lái)分散人們的注意力,調(diào)節(jié)心情。由此可推知,作者是樂(lè)觀的。故選A。7.答案與解析:D標(biāo)題概括題。該題問(wèn)的是本文的最佳標(biāo)題是什么。通讀全文可知,文章主要敘述了作者在新型冠狀病毒肺炎大流行期間的工作情況。因此,本文的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是“這是疫情期間工作的情況”。故選D。C語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)——科技——新型發(fā)電機(jī)[文章大意]文中介紹了通過(guò)溫差發(fā)電的新型發(fā)電機(jī)。8.答案與解析:B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisplatestayscoolerthanthesurroundingairbygivingoffheatitabsorbs.”可知,發(fā)電機(jī)面向天空的一面比周圍的空氣溫度低,因?yàn)樗馨盐盏臒崃堪l(fā)散出去。故選B項(xiàng)。9.答案與解析:C考查推理判斷。第二段介紹了發(fā)電機(jī)面向天空的一面比周圍的空氣溫度低,第三段介紹了發(fā)電機(jī)的底部持續(xù)被加熱,夜晚,發(fā)電機(jī)的上面比下面低好幾度。再結(jié)合第三段最后一句“Whenonesideofthegeneratoriscoolerthantheother,itproduceselectricity.”可知,當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)的一面比另一面溫度低時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生電力。由此可推知,該發(fā)電機(jī)是利用溫差發(fā)電的。故選C項(xiàng)。10.答案與解析:B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thismaybeespeciallyusefulinpolar(極地的)regionsthatdon'tseesunlightformonths.”可知,該發(fā)電機(jī)在數(shù)月都沒(méi)有陽(yáng)光的極地很有用,即它在缺乏陽(yáng)光的地區(qū)用途很大。故選B項(xiàng)。11.答案與解析:A考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)第四、第五段的內(nèi)容,尤其是“Soadevicethattookupafewsquaremetresofroofspacecouldlightuparoomwithenergyfromthenightsky”“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness,thismightbeaway.”可知,這些工程師們都認(rèn)為該設(shè)備很實(shí)用,即對(duì)其前景充滿希望。故選A項(xiàng)。D語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然——人文地理——十億年前的地球[文章大意]文章介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于數(shù)十億年前地球是什么樣子的研究。12.答案與解析:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Toinvestigatewhatourplanetwaslikebillionsofyearsago,ateamofresearchersturnedtoindirectmethodsofanalysisatageologicalsiteintheAustralianOutbackknownasPanorama(全景畫(huà))inthePilbaraCraton.”(第一段第二句)可知,該研究的研究地點(diǎn)在澳大利亞內(nèi)陸的一個(gè)地區(qū)。故選C

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