2023北京朝陽(yáng)高三二模英語(yǔ)（教師版）

2023北京朝陽(yáng)高三二模英語(yǔ)2023.5(考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿(mǎn)分100分)本試卷共10頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Mysonwasbornwithbreathingdifficulties,sohehadtostayinNICU,thehospitalunitfornewbornsneedingintensivecare.Therehecouldonlybefedthroughatube.Ihatedthetube.ThelovelydreamsIhadofnursingmybabywereentirely1.Onthefifthday,I2aboutthetube,sayingthatIwantedtofeedhimwithabottle.Thedoctorsagreedtoletmetry.Myson’sfeedingswouldbecloselyrecordedtoseeifhewasabletoget3milkintakewithoutthetube.Aftereighteenhours,itwasdeterminedhecouldnotdothatandthetubewasback.Thismeanthewasn’tgettingstronger.The4feltsodark.SeatedoutsidetheNICU,Istartedcrying.Justthen,ayoungnursecameandsatbesideme.WhenIhad5mysorrowalittle,shehandedmeatissueandaskedifIwantedtotalk.Iaskedagainifwecouldremovethetube.Thenursereplied,“Nottoday.Butremember,tomorrowisanewday.”Sheseemedmuchyoungerthanme,butherwordswere6andhope-filled,andIheldontothem.Irememberedheradviceandrepeatedittomyselfmultipletimesaday.Thenursechangedmyperspectiveawayfromcurrent7toseethehopeoftomorrow.Gradually,thingsstartedto8.Ondayeight,mysondrankhalfofhismilkwithoutthetube.Ondayten,thedoctorsapprovedtakingoffthetube9.“Tomorrow”came.Itjustcameafewdayslaterthanexpected.Ondayfifteen,wewerereleasedfromthehospital,andmyson“graduated”fromtheNICU.WhatIlearnedfromthatnursewastolookbeyondtodayandthesufferingofitandtoconsidertomorrowwith10.Afterall,tomorrowisanewday.1.A.controlled B.destroyed C.questioned D.recalled2.A.protested B.wondered C.forgot D.warned3.A.maximum B.restricted C.sufficient D.additional4.A.plot B.spot C.atmosphere D.situation5.A.spared B.contained C.shared D.exhibited6.A.wise B.plain C.familiar D.sharp7.A.mistakes B.dreams C.challenges D.doubts8.A.goaway B.lookup C.makesense D.fallapart9.A.frequently B.slightly C.completely D.occasionally10.A.intention B.imagination C.urge D.faith第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AAsavariantofAmericanfootball,flagfootballisatypeofsportinwhichaplayermustremoveaflagbeltfromtheballcarriertoendadown.Thefirstruleofthegameisthatcontact11playersisnotpermitted.Recently,it12(gain)greatpopularityinChinaamongyoungpeople.It’sengagingandridiculouslyfun.That’swhythepercentageofpeople13(join)aflagfootballclubthroughonlinechannelshasrisentoanewhighlevel.BOldConnections,atelecommunicationsmuseuminSeattle,withaworkingexchangefromthe1940s,14(show)howtelephonesbroughtustogether,butalsotoreusapart.Perhapsitshouldnotbe15(surprise)thattheInternethasbroughtwithitanewwaveofhorrificdestructiveness.Historyitselfisakindofradioprogramme,broadcasttousinfrequenciesthatbecomehardertoreceiveasweforgettheoldways.Butaslongaswekeeptheancientexchangesrunning,wehaveawaytorememberandunderstand16wecomefrom.CWangDakang,aged88,isamodeloflifelonglearning.Inthe1980s,hewasthefirstperson17(accomplish)aroundtripofChinausingonlyabicycle.Toeditthisexperienceintohisbook,Wangdecidedtogotocollege.Attheageof61,he18(admit)intocollege,majoringinjournalism.By2012,hehadcompletedthreemajorsincollege.Atpresent,WanglivesinLeshan,wherehespendshisdaysfollowingcarefully19(plan)routines.Hisstudystartsat6ameverymorning,during20hereadsandtakesnotesfromnewspapers.Wangsaid,“ThereissomuchtolearnandIwillcontinuelearninguntiltheveryend.”第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AColumbiaEngineering’sSummerHighSchoolAcademicProgramforEngineers(SHAPE)isaselectivepre-collegeprogramforhighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.SHAPEistailoredforstudentswithagiftforSTEM:science,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Each3-weeksessionofferscollege-level,project-basedcoursesinengineeringtaughtbycelebratedprofessorsattheuniversity.SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitmeanstobeanengineer,anditsprofessionaldevelopmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtogetthere.CoursesSHAPEfeaturescreativeproblem-solvingcoursesandexposesstudentstoinnovativeengineeringtechniquesandknowledgepresentedbyprofessors.PleasenotethatSHAPEdoesnotprovidecollegecredit.StudentsgainaccesstothefamousMakerSpaceandstate-of-the-artresearchlaboratoriesaftercompletingthesafetytrainingandwillonlydosoundercloseguidance.SHAPEalsoprovidesstudentswithworkshopstoexplorecareerfields,professionaldevelopment,andguidanceonsharpeningone’scollegeapplicationfromadmissionsofficers.Studentsintheprogramwillbevisitingcompaniesandorganizationsthatshowtheclassroomcontentinpractice.ApplicationStudentsareselectedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:1.Strongacademicrecord2.PersonalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestinSTEMthroughengagementinchallengingcourses,activities,projects,etc.3.Enthusiasticletterofrecommendationsubmittedbyamathorscienceteacher4.CreativeresponsestotworequiredquestionsandoneofthethreeoptionalquestionsWeencourageallstudentstoapplybytheprioritydeadlineofJune15,2023,sothereisnoapplicationfee.Aftertheprioritydeadline,a$50applicationfeeisrequired.SHAPEisdedicatedtosupportingstudentsandtheirfamiliesinneedoffinancialassistance.Weofferalimitednumberofneed-basedscholarships,whichcoverthefullcostofSHAPE.Tobeconsideredforaneed-basedscholarship,familieswillneedtoprovidearecentpayreceiptandcompleteaFamilyIncomeandExpenseWorksheet.Email:shape@formoreinformation.21.WhatcanwelearnaboutSHAPE?A.ItsuitsstudentstalentedinSTEM.B.ItshowstheprocedureoflearningSTEM.C.Itservesasthestartofstudents’collegelife.D.Itgivesstudentschancestoworkwithengineers.22.InSHAPE,studentscan__________.A.befreetoexploretheMakerSpaceB.earncollegecreditforfuturestudyC.putschoolknowledgeintopracticeD.beequippedwithskillsforengineering23.TosecureaplaceinSHAPE,studentsneedto__________.A.showtheirfamilyfinancialstate B.answerallthegivenquestionsC.payapplicationfeesbeforedeadline D.provetheirlearningcapabilityBIlostmylegtocancerat30.Myfirsttripoutofthehouseasaone-leggedwomanwouldbetoseeasickfriendinhospitalwithmymom.AsImademywaythroughthehospital,Iwaspreparedforlooksofcuriosity,sympathy,andevenshock.ButonethingshookmetoadepthIhadneverexperiencedbefore.Twokidswereplayinginthehallway.AsIpassedbyonmycrutches(拐杖),theylookedupatme,andsuddenly,thelittleboypointedatme.“Lookatthatlady!”Itseemedthathewasshoutingloudenoughfortheentirehospitaltohear.“Sheonlyhasoneleg!Doesn’tthatlookfunny?”Bothofthekidsburstintolaughter.Headsturned,andIfeltthebloodrushtomyface.IputmyheaddownandrushedoutasfastasIdaredonmycrutches.Iheldmytearsbackuntilthecardoorclosed.AsIfellintotheseats,Icried,“Howcouldtheythinkthisisfunny?”Mymomtriedherbesttocomfortme,“Honey,theyarejustkids.Theydon’tknowanybetter.”Theywerejustkids,butthatdidnotexcusetheirrudebehavior.Ifeltawaveofbelieffloodthroughme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.“Well,someonehastoteachthem!”Isaid.AndIknewthatsomeonewouldbeme.WhenIwaswellenough,Istartedtovisitelementaryschoolsandtalktochildrenaboutbeingdifferent.Iwasteachingchildrentoberespectfulofpeoplewhoaredifferent,andteachingthempeoplecomeinallshapes,colorsandsizesandweareeachspecialandunique.Speakingtochildrenwasjustthebeginningforme.Ibecameaninspirationalspeakerandauthorandlearnedthatbeinggratefulforalltheremainingpartsofmewastheonlywaytostartandendmyday.IsharedmystoryinmybookcalledIAmChoosingtoSmile.Ido,indeed,choosetosmile.Wakingupeverymorning,Ilookdownatmyonefootandsaywithallsincerity,“Goodmorning,fivetoes.I’mverygladtoseeyou!”24.Whatshockedtheauthorinthehospital?A.Thecuriouslookaboyhad. B.Thewordsaboyshoutedout.C.Thegametheboyswereplaying. D.Thesympathytheboysexpressed.25.Howdidtheexperienceinthehospitalchangetheauthor?A.Shefoundthepurposeofherlife. B.Shebegantorealizeherdifference.C.Sheunderstoodkids’characteristics. D.Shelearnedtheimportanceofrespect.26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Patient. B.Brave. C.Intelligent. D.Caring.CResearchersfromaU.K.plantresearchinstitutehavefoundawaytoprovideplantswithanantibody-baseddefenseforaspecificthreat,potentiallyspeedingthecreationofcropsresistanttoanykindofemergingvirus,orbacterium(細(xì)菌).Thestrategyistoinoculateaproteinfromtheplantpathogen(病原體)tobetargetedtoacamelorothercamelrelatives,purifytheunusuallysmallantibodiesthecamelsproduce,andengineerthecorrespondinggenesectionforthemintoaplant’sownimmunegene.Farmerslosemanybillionsofdollarstoplantdiseaseseachyear,andemergingpathogensposenewthreatstofoodsecurityinthedevelopingworld.Plantshaveevolvedtheirownimmunesystem,kick-startedbycellreceptorsthatrecognizegeneralpathogenfeatures,suchasabacterialcellwall,aswellasintracellularreceptorsformolecules(分子)producedbyspecificpathogens.Ifaplantcelldetectsthesemolecules,itmaytriggeritsowndeathtosavetherestoftheplant.Butplantpathogensoftenevolveandescapefromthosereceptors.Along-standingdreaminplantbiotechnologyistocreatedesignerdiseaseresistancegenesthatcouldbeproducedasfastaspathogensemerge.Oneapproachistoeditthegeneforaplantimmunereceptor,changingtheprotein’sshapetorecognizeaparticularpathogenicmolecule.Instead,SophienKamoun,amolecularbiologistattheSainsburyLaboratory,andhiscolleaguesusedananimalimmunesystemtohelpmakethereceptoradjustments.Duringaninfectionwithanewpathogen,animalsproducebillionsofslightlydifferentantibodies,ultimatelyselectingandmass-producingthosethatbesttargetthevirus.Camelids,whichincludecamels,areworkhorsesforantibodydesignbecausetheirimmunesystemscreateunusuallysmallversions,callednano-bodies.Asaproofofprincipleofthenewplantdefensestrategy,Kamoun’sgroupturnedtotwostandardcamelidnano-bodiesthatrecognizetwodifferentmolecules,includingonecalledgreenfluorescentprotein(GFP),todetecttestviruses,inthiscaseapotatovirus,engineeredtomakethefluorescentproteins.Theyinvestigatedhowwellplantswiththenano-body-enhancedreceptorsdetectedthechangedpotatoviruses.Itwasfoundthattheplantsincreasedanactiveimmuneresponseandexperiencedalmostnoviralreproduction.“Theexcitingpartaboutthistechnologyisthatwehavethepotentialofmade-to-orderresistancegenesandkeepingupwithapathogen,”Kamounsays.“Thistechnologyisapotentialgamechanger,”saysJeffDangl,aplantresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.KseniaKrasileva,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,saysthemixtureofnano-bodieswithplantimmunereceptorsopensupavastbodyofbiomedicalknowledgeforplantscientists.“Wecannowdigintoallofthatresearchandtranslateittosavecrops.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inoculate”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Compare. B.Restore. C.Introduce. D.Label.28.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A.Toillustratethefunctionofcellsinsavingtheplant.B.Toexplainhowtostrengthenplantreceptorseffectively.C.Todemonstratethesolutionstofarmers’annualheavylosses.D.Torevealwhyplantsfailtohandleconstantly-updateddiseases.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Editingplantreceptorsistomatchtheshapeofpathogens.B.Nano-bodiescanhelpplantscatchupwithpathogenchanges.C.Plantsselectthebestantibodiesfromanimalstofightviruses.D.Plantswithnano-bodiesrespondactivelyinmassiveviruscopying.30.Accordingtothepassage,scientistswill__________.A.applytheoutcomeintherealworldB.provethefindingsofresistancegenesC.identifysimilarmeanstofightdiseasesD.seekmoresupportforthenewstrategyDSuperhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferanother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thiscapacitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplaintheirgoalsanddesirestoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A.Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfordinnerandyoureply“asorethroat”.B.Whenateacherasksforaboy’shomeworkandheanswers“mydogateit”.C.Whenamomtellsherkidsomefoodisgoodforhealthandthekideatsit.D.Whenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder.32.Theauthorbelievesthat__________.A.humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfectB.humanslimitAI’stheoryofmindtoanextentC.weshouldrejecthuman-likeformsofabilitiesforAID.sharedformsoftheoryofmindresultinmorepowerfulAI33.AsforAIs,whatdoestheauthorvaluemost?A.Reliability. B.Practicability.C.Reasoningcapability. D.Communicationability.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpectedB.AIwithTheoryofMindWillReshapeOurFutureC.AI’sTheoryofMindIsaBlessingorSufferingtoHumansD.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inourmodernworld,thereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingwhetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.35Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunitycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.36Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost.37Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.38Thisishowyoucreateprioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.39Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.Opportunitycostisn’tcutanddried.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Attheendoftheday,youareinchargeofwhatyouownandwhatyouwanttogain.A.Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.B.Weighthelossesandgains,andmakeyourdecision.C.Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.D.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.E.Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.F.Mostpeopleoverlookopportunitycostbecausethebenefitsareusuallyhiddenfromview.G.Itisthedevelopmentofimportantskillsthatwouldhelpyoumoveforwardinyourdailylife.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Theterm“nostalgia”wasfirstcoinedin1688andwasdefinedasamentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.However,todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.It’sagreatexampleofthebenefitsofastrongmemory.Innumerousscientificexperiments,researchershavefoundthatsubjectsaremuchmorelikelytoreportpositivefeelingsfromagivenpieceofmusicifthey’vehearditbefore.Butthere’salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”,becausememoryskillscantakepeopleintothefuture,too.Decadesofstudieshaveshownthattimetravelintothefuturecanbringawholenewsetofrewards.Forexample,athleteswhopracticebymentallyvisualizingandimaginingsuccessfulperformancesinthefuturedoperformbetter.Allthesefindingsareinspiringandattractive.Howcouldyoubecomeaconfidenttimetravelertothepastorintothefuture?Herearesometipsforyou:Totakepleasureinhelpfulmemories,maybetoreawakenhappyfeelings,useallyoursenses—notjustsight.Smell,taste,touchandsoundwillalsohelpyoutorecreatethepastinrichclarity.Ifyoufindamemorythat’sparticularlyhelpful—forreassurance,say—keepusingit!You’llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.Whenyou’reprocrastinating(拖延),visualizeanendresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptortheessayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetodriveyouintoaction.Aheadofmajorchallenges,imaginethefullimpactofsuccess.Don’tjustpictureyourselfgettingthatgreatjob:fillyourmindwiththereallybigwaysit’sgoingtochangeyourlife.There’llstillbetimeswhenoldthoughtsremindyouofsadness,oryou’reanxiousaboutwhat’snext.Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou’llbeatminingyourpast,andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.40.Whatdidnostalgiaoriginallymean?41.Whathavetheresearchersfoundabouttimetravel?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Memoryskillscanbringusintothefuture,soweshouldimagineanegativeendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.43.Describeoneofthehelpfultime-travelexperiencesinyourlife.(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你最近讀完了外教Jim推薦的一本英文書(shū)，請(qǐng)你用英文給Jim寫(xiě)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.表達(dá)感謝并分享讀書(shū)收獲；2.交流后續(xù)英文書(shū)閱讀計(jì)劃。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________