閱讀理解-詞義猜測(cè)題-2023年高考英語練習(xí)（原卷版）（全國(guó)通用）

秘籍03閱讀理解.詞義猜測(cè)題

目錄

高考預(yù)測(cè)考查概率預(yù)測(cè)；難度預(yù)測(cè)；考向預(yù)測(cè)

應(yīng)試秘籍常考題型解題技法分析

典例剖析單題訓(xùn)練（文體分類）篇章?？碱}訓(xùn)練

誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥常見錯(cuò)點(diǎn)梳理習(xí)題訓(xùn)練鞏固

名校模擬2023最新省市聯(lián)考真題考點(diǎn)綜合訓(xùn)練

高考預(yù)測(cè)

概率預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆

難度預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆

①記敘文的考查（重點(diǎn)句的把握）

考向預(yù)測(cè)②說明文的考查（文章結(jié)構(gòu)；誰明對(duì)象）

③議論文的考查（中心論點(diǎn)的把握）

應(yīng)試秘籍

1.利用代入法來猜測(cè)詞義

將備選答案逐一代入文中，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能使句意通順、連貫，且與上下文內(nèi)容一致，注意被猜詞和正

確選項(xiàng)的感情色彩要契合。

示彳列：Turnoffyourcomputer.Thecomputerwilldistractyoufromyourjobathand-listening.

44.Theunderlinedword“distract“inthe6thparagraphmeans"____________2

A.使擔(dān)憂B.使放松C.使分心D.使冷靜

分析：從感情色彩契合方面考慮，由原文“Turnoffyourcomputer.”可排除B、D項(xiàng)。把A、C項(xiàng)的意思

分別代入原文中，”計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)讓你在工作中分心”更通順、連貫，故選C.

2.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)來猜測(cè)詞義

示例：Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChinesehistory.Atthattimeonly

childrenfromnoblefamiliescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryoneshouldgotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.

48.Theunderlinedword“noble"inParagraph3hastheclosestmeaningto.

A.poorB.brightC.wealthyD.cute

分析：畫線的單詞是noble,根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，當(dāng)時(shí)只有富裕家庭的孩子可以去上學(xué)，但孔子相信每一個(gè)

人都應(yīng)該去上學(xué)，由此可知noble和wealthy意義最接近，故選C.

3.據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等邏輯關(guān)系來猜測(cè)詞義

示例：Scientistsusedtobelievethatpeopletamedcatstocatchmiceandprotectthegrain.However,catsdon,t

liketobetoldwhattodo!

54.Whatdoestheunderlinedword??tamedπmeaninChinese?

A.驅(qū)散B.捕捉C.馴化D.引進(jìn)

分析：根據(jù)下句"However,catsdontliketobetoldwhattodo!”中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的HOWeVer可知，前后兩句意

思相反,故tamed與betoldwhattodo意思相同，故選C.

4.根據(jù)上下文語境來猜測(cè)詞義

示例：Isitpossibletobebornshy?Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly.

Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly,theseshybabiesusuallyhave

shyparents.Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.

51.Whatdoestheunderlinedword??geneticninParagraph2probablymean?

A.Passeddownfromparents.

B.Learnedfromfriends.

C.Taughtbyteachers.

D.Madeupbybrothers.

分析：由畫線單詞上一句中的theseShybabieSUSUaHyhaVeShyParentS.”可知，這些害羞的嬰兒的父母

通常也很害羞，所以，畫線的單詞指“父母身上繼承而來的”，故選A.

5.通過句法功能來猜測(cè)詞義

示例：VanuatuisanislandnationintheSouthPacific.Itisoneofthesmallestcountriesintheworld.Butfor

thosewhoareinterestedinadventureandsport,thereisalottodo.Vanuatu'sislandsoffervisitorstwoofthemost

excitinganddangerousactivitiesintheworld:volcano（火山）surfingandlanddiving.

61.InLine2,whatdoestheword??those,,mean?

A.People.B.Animals.C.Activities.DJslands.

分析：定語從句whoareinterestedinadventureandsport修飾先行詞those.關(guān)系代詞who指人，其先行

詞those也應(yīng)指人，故選A.

6.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義

英語中有大量的單詞是通過合成或加前綴、后綴形成的，因此運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法來判斷生詞的意義是一種快

速、有效解決詞匯障礙的方法。前綴往往是改變?cè)~義的，如：dislike,unhappy,inexpensive,impossible等表示

否定意義；后綴往往是改變?cè)~性的，如：Politely,invention,teacher等。

7.利用同義詞或反義詞猜測(cè)詞義

有時(shí)作者為了使自己的意思表達(dá)得更清楚明白，通常用一個(gè)或多個(gè)同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或英文解

釋來說明文中一個(gè)比較難的詞或關(guān)鍵詞。通過我們熟悉的單詞或解釋，用已知的知識(shí)就不難推斷出生詞的

詞義。

寥［篌區(qū)支校

答題第一步：I瀏覽題干及選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)注定位詞。（見題干及選項(xiàng)標(biāo)線處）

答題第二步"帶著問題通讀全文，標(biāo)注4類詞：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、概念等名詞（用紅色底紋表示），極端詞

和程度詞（用藍(lán)色底紋表示），態(tài)度詞和語氣詞（用粉色底紋表示），邏輯詞和關(guān)系詞（用綠色底紋表示）。

I-.>.lay,anincreasinnumberofpeoplearealwayslookingattheirtheirheadsdown.These

peoplearecalledthe"Heads-downTribe（低頭族）Areyouaheads-downtribemember?

membersnowcanbeseeneverywhere.

Moreandmorehappeningbecausemoredriversusemobilephoneswhentheyare

driving.Inordertomakedriverspaymoreattentiontodriving,somene?∣trafficruleshavebeenmade.For

example,peoplewhousemobilephoneswhiledrivinginarefined（罰款）。

whobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNT$1,000respectiVeIy（分另IJ地）。

Aswecanseeabove,usingmobilephonesmaycauseaccidentsandevencostalotofmoney.Also,moreand

moreiι∏erestinjand[tranjfactshappentothe"Heads-downTribe".Let'shavealookataninterestingTVreport.

keptusinghismobilephoneonhiswayhome.Asaιesult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.When

heliftedhiseyesfromthephone,hewassoafraidthatheturnedaroundandranawayquickly.Anotherfactisthat

wecanoftenseepeopleinthefacetofacebutlookingattheirownmobilephones.It'sstrangethat

theydon'ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.Someofthemevenhavefuncommunicating

withothersonthephone.

Mobilephonesare^^Handtoolsformodemlife.Aremobilephonesgoodorbad?Itdependson

howpeopleusethem.Let'sbe"healthy"usersandtιytobethe

如今，一個(gè)總是低頭看手機(jī)的群體出現(xiàn)了，人數(shù)呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)。這些人被稱作“低頭族”。

你是一名低頭族嗎？低頭族如今到處可見。

由于越來越多的駕駛員開車使用手機(jī)，交通事故的發(fā)生越來越頻繁。為了使駕駛員更加專心地駕駛汽

車，各地制定了一些新的交通法規(guī)。例如，在臺(tái)灣，人們?cè)隈{駛過程中使用手機(jī)會(huì)被罰款。那些違反交通

法規(guī)的汽車駕駛員和摩托車駕駛員將分別被罰款新臺(tái)幣3000元和IoOO元。

從上面可以看出，使用手機(jī)可能會(huì)造成交通事故，甚至?xí)冻鲆淮蠊P錢。同樣地，越來越多的有趣、

新奇的事情發(fā)生在‘'低頭族"身上。讓我們來看一則有趣的電視報(bào)道。一名美國(guó)人在回家的路上不停地使用著

手機(jī)。結(jié)果他撞上了一只迷路的熊。當(dāng)他把目光從手機(jī)上面移開抬起頭（看到熊）時(shí)，他嚇得趕緊轉(zhuǎn)身，

飛速跑走了。另一個(gè)情況就是，我們常常看到人們?cè)诓蛷d里面對(duì)面坐著吃飯，但每個(gè)人的目光卻都落在自

己的手機(jī)上。像他們這樣在吃飯時(shí)不與面對(duì)面坐著的人講話的現(xiàn)象非常奇怪。其中一些人甚至充滿興趣地

與手機(jī)上其他人交流著。

手機(jī)在現(xiàn)代人的生活中是很有幫助且不可或缺的工具。手機(jī)究竟是好是壞？這就要取決于人們?cè)撛趺?/p>

使用它們了。讓我們做“健康的”手機(jī)使用者，努力成為“抬頭族

答題第三步：根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)定位詞找回原文，將選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比、歸納，確定答案。

答題第四步：核對(duì)答案，反思錯(cuò)題。

61.Aheads-downtribemember.定位到第一段第二句

A.isgoodatusingtheInternet

B.isadangerousdriver

C.isalwayslookingathisorhermobilephone

錯(cuò)因分析：易錯(cuò)選B.第二段大篇幅描寫開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)導(dǎo)致越來越多的車禍發(fā)生，因此誤認(rèn)為B項(xiàng)是

正確答案。其實(shí)仔細(xì)看第二段就會(huì)明白，車禍的發(fā)生與駕駛員開車時(shí)看手機(jī)有關(guān)。若把B項(xiàng)代入題干則成

了“低頭族是危險(xiǎn)的駕駛員”，而“低頭族”概念在第一段已經(jīng)給出，是“總是低頭看手機(jī)的一個(gè)群體”，故B項(xiàng)

與原文不符。

正確解答：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段前兩句可知，“低頭族”是總是看手機(jī)的一群人，故選C.

62.Theunderlinedword“motorcyclists”inthepassagemeansinChineSe.定位到第二段最后一

句

A.摩托車手

B.手機(jī)使用者

C.低頭族

錯(cuò)因分析：易錯(cuò)選B.文章講的是總是低頭看手機(jī)的人，易忽視語境、盲目猜測(cè)此處表示“手機(jī)使用者工

正確解答：A

詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段后半部分”...peoplewhousemo-bilephoneswhiledrivinginTaiwanarefined.Car

driversandmotorcyclistswhobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNTS1,000respectively.“可知，前一

句是說在臺(tái)灣開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的駕駛員會(huì)被罰款，下一句又講了兩種違反交通法規(guī)的人將被罰，其中and

為并列連詞，其前后的詞應(yīng)是并列的。既然CardriVerS意為“汽車駕駛員”，那么motorCyCliStS也應(yīng)為“……駕

駛員結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，motorCyeIiStS意為“摩托車手

63.TheAmericanwaswhenheknockedintothebear.定位到第三段中間部分

A.drivingacar

B.goingtowork

C.usinghismobile

正確解答：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中間兩句"AmaninAmericakeptusinghismobilephoneonhisway

home.Asaresult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.”可知，當(dāng)他撞到熊時(shí)，他一直目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地使用手機(jī)，故選C.

64.Accordingtothepassage,the“Heads-downTribe"whentheyeatinarestaurant.定位至悌三

段倒數(shù)第二、三句

A.lookattheirownmobilephones

B.don,ttalktothepeoplewhositopposite

C.bothAandB

錯(cuò)因分析：易錯(cuò)選A.忽視C項(xiàng)的意思，看到A項(xiàng)正確就草率地選出答案。

正確解答：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二、三句"Anotherfact..butlookingattheirownmobilephones.

Ifsstrangethattheydon,ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.”可知,A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都是低頭

族在餐廳時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，故選C.

65.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driveyourcarcarefully

B.Usemobilephonesproperly

C.Beaheads-downtribemember

錯(cuò)因分析：易錯(cuò)選C.文章開頭就提到heads-downtribe了，誤認(rèn)為這就是文章的主題，忽視最后一段的

意思。

正確解答：B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要描述了“低頭族”現(xiàn)象，并舉例說明了這一現(xiàn)象引

發(fā)的問題，最后呼吁讀者做“抬頭族”，做“健康的”手機(jī)使用者。由此可知，B項(xiàng)能概括本文主旨，適合做標(biāo)

題。

答題第五步：I整理詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句，并將需要積累的內(nèi)容整理在學(xué)霸筆記本上。

長(zhǎng)難句分析：Anotherfactisthatwecanoftenseepeopleintherestauranteatingfaceto

主語謂語that引導(dǎo)表語從句

facebullookingattheirownmobilephones.

現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語

另一個(gè)情況就是，我們常?？吹饺藗?cè)诓蛷d里面對(duì)面坐著吃飯，但每個(gè)人的目光卻都落在自己的手機(jī)

上。

句法分析：句中that引導(dǎo)表語從句；SeeSb.do∕doingsth.意為“看見某人做/正做某事"。seesb.dosth.5?

調(diào)看見動(dòng)作的全過程，seesb.doingsth?強(qiáng)調(diào)看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

善名假接刎

1.（2023秋?福建三明?高三統(tǒng)考期末）Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenea

long-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohis

loverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris（殘骸）.

MorethanIOOyearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovie

Titanic,therehavebeenmanyt4doortheories,?AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecould

havebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?

InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica（復(fù)制品）ofthewooden

piecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose,slifejackettothebottomofthedoorto

strengthenitsbuoyancy（浮力）,theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.

However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack,shigh

temperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepoint

themoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.

ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum,s

websitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum,sTitaniccollectionwhichwas

knownasthe"door"usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRose

ontopcouldwork,butnotifJack,sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.

Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn,tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveof

hislife.

1.What,sthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie.C.Toraiseaquestion.D.Tohighlightcharacters.

2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?

A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot.B.Aphysicsexperiment.C.Thethemeofthemovie.D.Aheateddebate.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked“inparagraph4mean?

A.Confirmed.B.Opposed.C.Approved.D.Concerned.

4.Wecaninferthatthemovie,sendingis.

A.UnrealisticB.confusingC.reasonableD.suψrising

2.（2023秋?黑龍江哈爾濱?高三哈師大附中?？计谀￤henyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicturetall,

rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat,snottrue.

Thesubnival（亞冰雪的）regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeasthe

areasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasawhole.

Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmental

conditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthat

separateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）fromareaswithseasonal

ornosnow.

Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000meters

abovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000

metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.

Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimeseven

flowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberetreating,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthattheregion

isbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.

Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersare

reducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingof

glaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,

providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.

Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.

5.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?

A.Byexplainingconcepts.B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bylistingspecificdata.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retreating“meaninParagraph5?

A.Disappearing.B.Lengthening.C.Withdrawing.D.Widening.

7.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?

A.Thesnowlinemovesup.B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.

C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter.D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.

8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging.B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.

C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas.D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.

3.（2023?天津南開?南開中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Lastyear,apopularrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily

dininginit,withoutaskingtheirpermission.Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowed

theirobjection,buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedto

silencethefamily,sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebate

ontheviolationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts.

Itdoesn'tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecordedbycamerasandshownthroughlive

streamsondifferentonlineplatforms.Theymayevenenjoyappearingonscreensandcooperatewithsome

businesses.Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemorepublicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichis

theirpurposeofwebcasting.However,othersincludingthefamilymentionedabove,areagainstit.Thefamily

thoughtthattheirportraitrightswereviolated,consideringnoonehadaskedifitwasokaytousetheimagesof

them.Theyfoundintolerablethattheiractionscapturedbythecamerawerewebcastlivetomillionsofviewers,not

tomentionthefactthatsomeofthemwerenotsodecent.Thustheydemandedanapologyfromrestaurant.

Peoplemaybehaveinarelaxedwaywheneatingorresting,andtheydon'twantotherstoseetheminthisway.

Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersforcommercialreasons,theyhaveviolated

customersportraitrights.

Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportraitrights,whichisgetting

increasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfortechnicalconvenience,

However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbedonetomakesure

webcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople'slegalrights.

9.Whatisthemajorissuearguedinthepassage?

A.Afamousrestaurantpublishedalivestreamofafamilydininginit.

B?Thefamilyshowedtheirobjectiontothefamousrestaurant'swebcast.

C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.

D.Therestaurantclaimedthatthefamilywasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.

10.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordπthatπinParagraph2referto?

A.Customersenjoyappearingonscreens.

B.Customerscooperatewithsomebusinesses.

C.Customersareshownthroughlivestreamsonline.

D.Customersareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras.

11.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayviolatecustomers'privacyandportraitrights?

A.Businesseswebcastcustomersliveaccordingtotheiragreement.

B.Businesseswebcastcustomersforcommercialreasonsandpaythem.

C.Businesseswebcastcustomersimproperactionswiththeirpermission.

D.Businesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithoutinformingthem.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisincreasing

B.Afamousrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily

C.Howcanpeoplebehaveinarelaxedwaywhenhavingarest

D.Adebateonwhetherwebcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights

13.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardwebcasts?

A.Objective.

B.Negative.

C.Positive.

D.Subjective.

4.（2023春?上海?高三同濟(jì)大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshave

beenkilledbywildcats.ThesePredatOr（撲食者），whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennative

wi?dlife-andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwere

previouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwith

adifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgiving

feline（貓科的）-awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinherintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomake

themcat-conscious.

ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,

however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Training

themigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasproved

expensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswitha

scatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,

cat-riddenhomes.

ShetestedthisideaonatypeOfbandiCoOt（袋貍）thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraised

twohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearly

identicalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Sheleftanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,

giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.

AftersomePredation（撲食）andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootfromeachenclosure,attached

radiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethen

monitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenofthe

untrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshe

noticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethan

werethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhenarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthat

haveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprov

reasonforhope.

14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.

B.TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.

C.Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.

D.Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbygrowingpopulation

15.Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto

A.Australianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareas

B.Thewildcatstrackingdownthemammals

C.Wildanimalsinvolvedintheprogram

D.Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers

16.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?

A.Theywerebothcloselymonitored.

B.Theyhad200bandicootsintotal.

C.Theyhadsimilarnaturalenvironment.

D.Theybothhadwildcatsinthem.

17.WhatwasthefindingofMsRoss,researchproject?

A.Untrainedbandicootsfailedtoidentifycats.

B.Trainingbandicootspreparedthemtofightcats.

C.Sleepingaloneinthewildwasdangerous.

D.Bandicootscouldbetrainedtoavoidpredators.

5.（2023春?上海?高三復(fù)旦附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）E-cigarettesBan:GoodnewsforTobacco?

Theproposedbanonflavorede-cigarettesmaydrivemanyAmericansbacktocigarettes,saidChristopherPalmeri

andJeffGreenintheLosAngeTimes.

Respondingtoanoutbreakofhundredsofseriouslungillnessesfromvapes（電子煙）thalkilledaseventhperson

thisweek,FDA（食物藥品監(jiān)管局）willoutlaweverythingbuttobacco-flavored-cigarettes,asMichiganandNew

Yorkstaterecentlydid.Flavorslikebutteredpopcornandmangohelpedcreate"anexplosion11inteenvaping.But

hundredsofthousandsofteensalreadyaddictedtonicotine-and9millionadultswhovape-maysimplyreplace

vapingwithtobaccoproducts.Bybanningfavoredvapesthegovernmentmaybe"closingthesheddoorafterthe

horsehasgottenout.',

Nobodyvapes"becausetheflavorissoamazing,"saidDavidMarcusinTheFederalistcom.Thafswhythebanis

soclueless.πIfkidswanttotastebubblegum,theycanbuy,youknow,bubblegum.πVapinggiantslikeJuulneedto

behonestaboutthefactthatthey,reinthenicotinebusiness,andmonitorthemselvesaccordingly.Theyshould

spendbillionsensuringthatstoresdon,tselltominorsinsteadoftoutingthe"scientificconclusionπthate-cigarettes

aresaferthansmoking.Theburninginvolvedinsmokingcigarettescreatestarandabunchofchemicalsnot

presentine-cigarettes,wateryvapor.True,butnicotineisalsoadangerousandaddictivedrugandvapingliquid

itselfcontainschemicalsthatdamagebloodVeSSeIS（血管）."Theideaofsafesmoking"is',alie,nandthevaping

industry'sfruit-andcandy-flavoredpods'*areproofofevilintent."

"Themassiveincreaseinteenvapersπisareasonableconcern,saidRobertGebelhoffinWashingtonP.But

theevidencesuggeststhatthelungillnessesthatledthegovernmenttoactwerecausedbyblack-marketproducts

cutwithdangeroussubstance.Banningfavoredvapeswillonlydrivemorenicotineaddictsandteenstotheblack

market,whichwillbehappytoprovidefruitypods.Insteadofbanningflavors,thegovernment"shouldempower

theFDAtofullyregulatetheindustry.'1Thatwouldletscience,"notpanic,guideourpolicy.1'

18.Whatledtotheproposedbanone-cigarettes?

A.Popularflavorslikemangoledtoteennicotineaddiction.

B.Thelackofproperlegalsupervisioninthevapingindustry.

C.Anincreasednumberofdeathsresultingfromlungdiseases.

D.Thesharpincreaseinthesaleofunhealthytobaccoproducts.

19.Whatmighthappenifthebantakeseffect?

A.FDAwouldregulatethetobaccoindustrymoreeffectively.

B.Thevapingindustrywouldbemorestrictlymonitored.

C.Theevilintentofthevapingindustrywouldberevealed.

D.Thetobaccoindustrymightregainitspreviousglory.

20.Theunderlinedword"touting"probablymeans.

A.PromotingB.challengingC.assumingD.tolerating

21.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsvapeban?

A.Supportive.B.DisapprovingC.UninterestedD.Impartial.

6.（2023?福建福州?福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？家荒＃㏑esearchersattheUniversityofScotlandhavediscovereda

proteinthatcaninfluencevirusesdevelopingandevencancontrolcancer.Nowthefightisontofullyunderstand

howitworksinthehopeofturningthelaboratoryresearchintoatreatment.

TheproteiniscalledHira.Technicallyitisahistone（組蛋白）complex,butitiseasiertounderstandintermsof

whatitcando.ThreeyearsagoDrTaranjitSinghRaiandcolleaguesattheBeatsonCancerInstituteandGlasgow

UniversityreportedthatHiracouldpossiblysuppressthedivisionofcellsthatcausescancer.Inthecourseofthat

research,DrRaifoundoutsomethingunusual.InthelabtheyhaveestablishedthattheHiraproteinhasaroleto

playintheanti-viralfight,thus,makingithaveafundamentalroletoplayinfightingagainstcancer.

ThetrickinusingittofightdiseasesmaylieinincreasingHiralevelsinourcells.44Ithinkwhatresearchersmight

beinterestedinishowWecanincreaselevelsofthisproteintodealwiththevirusesbetter,DrRaisaid.

DrRaihasledaninternationalstudyandsupporthascomefromCancerResearchUKandtheresultsarepublished

inthejournalNucleicAcidsResearch.Butthereisamajorconcernthattheresearchisstilllimitedtothe

laboratory.

Itisgoingtotakesometime,probablyyears,beforethisworkcanmoveoutofthelabandintoclinicsandhospitals.

ButtheresearchersareexcitedHirawillonedaybethebasisofanewapproachinmedicine.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suppress"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Motivate.B.Monitor.C.Control.D.Improve.

23.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?

A.Hirahasbeenusedinthemedicaltreatment.

B.MorestudiesshouldbedoneonHira.

C.ThelevelsofHiraincellsareunchangeable.

D.Hiracanbringaboutsideeffects.

24.Whatistheresearchers'attitudetothefutureofHira?

A.Cautious.B.Optimistic.

C.Disapproving.D.Doubtful.

25.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Anewwaytousetheprotein.

B.Anewapproachtoimprovingthedivisionofcells.

C.Anewmedicinethatcanfightdiseases.

D.Aproteinthatcanstopvirusesdeveloping.

7.（2023?海南省直轄縣級(jí)單位?統(tǒng)考一模）GPShascompletelytransformedhowwegetaround.Butotheranimals

havelonghadtheirnavigation（領(lǐng)航）systemsbuiltrightin.

“Weknowtheireyesarequitesensitivetopolarized（偏振的）lightandtheskyhasaparticularpatternofpolarized

lightrelativetothepositionofthesun,^^BarbaraWebb,aresearcherattheUniversityofEdinburgh,says.

Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-the

lightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.Webbsaystheinsectshavepolarizationlikethatbuiltintotheirmany

eyes.??Youcanthinkofitashavinglotsofsunglassespointingindifferentdirections.^^

ButWebbwascuriouswhetherthere,sreallyenoughinformationintheskytogiveinsectsanaccuratesenseof

direction.Soherteambuiltasensor（傳感器）modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeant

tosimulatethesky.Theythenputthatsensorintoamodelmeanttomodelthebrainsofdesertantsandother

insects.Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects