2023年高考英語試題試卷（全國乙卷）

2023年高考英語真題試卷（全國乙卷）

閱卷人

、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

得分

閱讀理解

PRACTITIONERS

JacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.Born

toaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In

1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(證明)ofherabilityasa

doctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.

TanYunxian(1461-1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinese

womenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(學(xué)徒期J)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.

Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingher

lifeasaphysician.

JamesBarry(c.1789-1865)wasbomMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasaccepted

byEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,

servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasa

man.

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831-1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegein

Bostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.She

movedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

1.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?

A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.

C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.

2.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?

A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.

C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.

3.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

A,JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumple匚

閱讀理解

LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape（風(fēng)景）canbequitea

challenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.

AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfind

distinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhours

awaytoshootwithina1O-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothe

countrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.

Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.Ioftenleaveearlytoseekthe

rightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissed

plentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil'sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz（石英）

rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedto

photographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.

Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmark

theroute（路線）soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressful

gettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybest

shotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.

4.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?

A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.

B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.

C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.

D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.

5.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.

C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.

6.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor'stripwithfriendstoDevil'sLake?

A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.

B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.

C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.

D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.

7.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil'sLake?

A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.

閱讀理解

WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerof

meatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationfor

less-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreens

andwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.

It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-

and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itisrecently

reportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain's

consumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.Therehasbeenariseinthenumberof

studentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelped

changewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.

Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTV

hasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients（配

料）thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.Oneinfour

adultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeand

skills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession（癡迷）withfoodis

reflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoften

thanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it'snolonger"uncool"forboystolikecooking.

8.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?

A.Itissimpleandplain.B.Itisrichinnutrition.

C.Itlacksauthentictastes.D.Itdeservesahighreputation.

9.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammesonBritishTV?

A.Authoritative.B.Creative.C.Profitable.D.Influential.

10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?

A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.

11.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?

A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.

B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.

C.TablemannersintheUK.

D.Studiesofbigeaters.

閱讀理解

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,you

cannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,for

mostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmany

literate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojust

that,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-1iteratehistoryis

perhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.From

theEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,

wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewantto

reconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyand

strictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften

haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.

B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation"inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld

B.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldinJOOObjects

D.HowArtWorksTellStories

閱卷人

二、任務(wù)型閱讀（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

得分

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsung

heroesofthehome.16.,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople'swellbeingby

improvingtheirmood（心情），reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What'smore,indoorplantsareeasyto

lookafterandarenotveryexpensive.

Whatareindoorplants?

Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthese

species（物種）arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.17..

Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?

WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,M18..Ifindduringthewinter

months,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood."Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthat

indoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscanclean

theairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmful

chemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.19..

Whichplantscanyougrow?

Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuy

plantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,and

yougettocareforthemastheymature-whichispartofthejoyofowningplants."2（）.Spoelstra

says."Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople'slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeand

nature."

A.Allplantsaredifferent

B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful

C.Therearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoors

D.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmer

E.PlantslikepeaceliliesanddeviFsivyareamongthebest

F.Changingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelp

G.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding

閱卷人

三、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

得分

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

TobecometheOlympicchampionintheindividual（4'A）all-aroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleave

everythingshe21?best.Shehadto22.herbedroominVirginia.Shehadtosay___

23.tohertwodogsandtothebeach,whereshelovedto24.wavesonherboard.Butitwas___

25.totaketheleap（飛躍）,however26.itwouldbe.Evenat14,Douglasknewthat.Soshe___

27.about1,200milesawayfromhome,to28.withacoachfromChina.Shelivedwithafamily

shehadnever29.andeverythingwasnewtoher.

Asitturnedout,Douglasdid30.whatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampionwhenshe_

31.twoRussians.TheChinesecoach32,Douglasintooneofthebestgymnastsinthe__

33.helpingherskyrocketfroman34.memberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.By__

35.theOlympicall-aroundtitle,shebecamethefirstblackwomantodoso.She36,the

competitionfrombeginningtoend.Shesaidshehadfelt37.allalongthatshewouldwin.

Notsolongago,MarthaKarolyi,thecoordinator（聯(lián)絡(luò)人）ofthewomen'snationalteam,didnotthink

Douglashadwhatit38.tobeanOlympian.Astimewentby,shethought39.thatshecould

maketheLondonGames-andwin.

"I'mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,1'shesaid."I'mreadyto40."Andshineshedid.

21.A.triedB.thoughtC.judgedD.knew

22.A.takeupB,packupC.cleanupD.doup

23.A.goodbyeB.helloC.thanksD.no

24.A.causeB.observeC.rideD.strike

25.A.commonB.timeC.funD.tough

26.A.breathtakingB.heartbreakingC.eye-catchingD.head-spinning

27.A.droppedoutB.movedonC.pulledoverD.wentoff

28.A.reasonB.talkC.competeD.train

29.A.metB.helpedC.understoodD.needed

30.A.approximatelyB.graduallyC.exactlyD.possibly

31.A.defeatedB.pleasedC.respectedD.assisted

32.A.forcedB.transformedC.persuadedD.put

33.A.worldB.cityC.teamD.state

34.A.amateurB,electedC.averageD.enthusiastic

35.A.clarifyingB.defendingC.winningD.demanding

36.A.followedB.organizedC.watchedD.led

37.A.confidentB.nervousC.excitedD.uneasy

38.A.viewedB,appearedC.matteredD.took

39.A.nowandthenB.moreandmoreC.farandwideD.onandon

40.A.shineB.flyC.danceD.score

閱卷入

—四、語法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分）

得分

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong_

41.royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,with

thecitykeepingitscarefully42?(build)systemofringroads.

Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace43.welcomesthefast-paced

developmentofmodemlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural44.(wonder)standingsidebyside

withhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork,45.somehowthesetwovery

differentworldsmakeagoodcombination.46.(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10

years,I47.(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeep

sucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears_

48.(record)everythingIdiscovered.

The49.(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthe

pastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,50.(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscover

here,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.

閱卷人

五、短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

得分

51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言

錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

LastFridaymymomdecidedtocolorhishair.Shestudiedwithallthehairproductsatthedrugstore.The

colorshechoosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawomanthathaircolorlookedjustperfect.Momwassure

samecolorwouldlookgreatonher.Sheputthenewcoloronherhairorsatstillfor30minutes,justasthe

directionssaying.However,insteadofthebrownishredhairshehadhopedfor,shefinalgotpurplehair.Shewent

rightintotheshowertowashingit,butitwasnouse.Atleastonethingprovedtruth:thecolorwouldn'twashout.

閱卷入

------------------關(guān)、書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

得分

52.學(xué)校英報組織同學(xué)們分享自己在假期中學(xué)到的新技能，請你以此為主題寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包

括：

1.簡要描述；

2.體驗和感受。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.題目已為你寫好。

答案解析部分

【答案】1.C

2.A

3.D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四位從醫(yī)人員的生平與事跡。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇人物類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文

章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。

1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"BomtoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswhereshe

workedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.”出生于佛羅倫薩的一個猶太家庭，她搬到巴黎當(dāng)醫(yī)生并做外

科手術(shù)；以及第三段中的"Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.

Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.“⑻3年，她

獲得了外科醫(yī)生的資格，然后加入了英國軍隊，在海外服役。Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生

活和工作，從事了整個醫(yī)學(xué)職業(yè)?？芍?，Jacqueline和James的共同點是都能進(jìn)行外科手術(shù)。故選C。

2.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingher

lifbasaphysician.“1511年，Tan寫了一本書《女醫(yī)生的故事》，描述了她作為一名醫(yī)生的生活?？赏浦?，

Tan與其他從業(yè)人員的不同之處在于她寫了一本書。故選A。

3.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceive

amedicaldegree.”四年后，她成為第一位獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國女性，可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是

第一位獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國人。故選D。

【答案】4.B

5.A

6.C

7.B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者作為一名風(fēng)景攝影師，在攝影途中的一些所見所聞。

【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)

節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

4.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itendtotravelwithafbwofmyfriendstostateparksortothe

countrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.”我傾向于和幾個朋友——起去州立公園或鄉(xiāng)村

探險，沿途拍照?？芍?，作者作為一名中西部的風(fēng)景攝影師，應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的方式是去鄉(xiāng)村或州立公園拍

攝。故選B。

5.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshots

thoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.“盡管如

此，回顧這些照片，它們是我最好的照片，盡管如果我能做好準(zhǔn)備并明智地管理我的時間，它們可能會

更好。可推知，依作者之見，風(fēng)景攝影成功的關(guān)鍵是適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間管理。故選A。

6.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,wedidnotmarktheroute（路線）soweendedupalmost

missingthesunsetentirely.”然而，我們沒有標(biāo)出路線，所以我們幾乎完全錯過了日落?？赏浦髡咴谂c

朋友到達(dá)拍攝地點的時間比預(yù)期的要晚。故選C。

7.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshots

thoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.“盡管如

此，回顧這些照片，它們是我最好的照片，盡管如果我能做好準(zhǔn)備并明智地管理我的時間，它們可能會

更好?？赏浦?，作者認(rèn)為自己在DevilsLake拍攝的照片是令人滿意的。故選B。

【答案】8.A

9.D

10.D

11.B

【解析】【分析】本篇是一篇說明文，介紹了英國人在烹飪節(jié)目的影響下改變傳統(tǒng)的英式飲食，并嘗試新

的烹飪習(xí)慣。

【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章

大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完

成后再次閱讀并檢查。

8.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probably

fishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?“當(dāng)你

想到英國食物時，你會想到什么？你可能想到的是炸魚薯條，或是一肉兩菜的周日晚餐。但是，英國食

物真的如此無趣嗎？可知對于英國食物，大家往往只是想到炸魚薯條和周日周日晚餐，也就是說人們會

覺得英國食物簡簡單單，平淡無奇。故選A。

9.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthat

Britonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheir

cookinghabits.”正是由于電視上的這些大廚，而不是憑借廣告宣傳活動，英國人正在遠(yuǎn)離“一肉兩菜”和

速食餐，而變得更加愿意探索新的烹飪習(xí)慣；以及“ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhat

peoplethinkaboutcooking.”似乎電視節(jié)目幫助改變了人們對烹飪的看法。可推斷英國的烹飪節(jié)目在嘗試從

傳統(tǒng)的英式飲食走出來，嘗試新的烹飪習(xí)慣，英國的烹飪節(jié)目具有很大的影響力。故選D。

10.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段41的“Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients（配料）

thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.”幾乎三分之一的

人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多，將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購買的配料質(zhì)量比以前更好。

也就是說33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故選D。

11.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it'snolonger'uncool'

forboysto1汰ecooking.”隨著電視上出現(xiàn)越來越多男性廚師，男孩子喜歡烹飪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。

可推斷，下文應(yīng)該具體介紹電視上的男性廚師，故選B。

【答案】12.A

13.D

14.B

15.C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將物

品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會的重要性。

【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和段落大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短

文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。

12.考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad

texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,and

untilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin

things.”如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講

述，因為世界上只有一部分人曾經(jīng)有過文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。寫作是人

類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字，而且用物件來記錄他們所關(guān)心的

事情?？赏浦?，第一段介紹了歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。

13.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsome

chaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.”理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本

和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到?？赏茢?，作

者認(rèn)為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到；以及“FromtheEnglishside,

wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlya

woodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.”在英國方面，我們有科學(xué)報

告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來看，我們只有一個木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一

次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的?？芍?，作者舉例是為了說明船長的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述

了問題。故選D。

14.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.”力［1勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以

及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最

強(qiáng)大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會

之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半；以及“Ifwearetofindtheother

halfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.“如果我們要找至I］對話的另一半，我

們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的

歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。劃線詞conversation指的是

“歷史”。故選B。

15.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad

texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.“如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某

一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經(jīng)被文字記錄

過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有；以及最后一段中的“Ifwearet。findtheotherhalfof

thatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.“如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅

要讀文本，還要讀物體?？芍?，本文介紹了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了

解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷本文最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。

【答案】16.B；17.D；18.C；19.E；20.G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了室內(nèi)植物小的相關(guān)知識，包括室內(nèi)植物是什么、能帶來的好

處及人們能種植哪些室內(nèi)植物。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇科普類閱讀，根據(jù)下文"butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromote

people'swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood（心情），reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory?（而且研究表明，

它們可以通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強(qiáng)記憶力來促進(jìn)人們的健康）“可知，此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，

構(gòu)成notonly...but"不僅...而且...."結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful（它們不僅看起來

很漂亮）能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選B。要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和

推理判斷能力

16.根據(jù)空后"butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople'swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood（心

情）,reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory."而且研究表明，它們可以通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增

強(qiáng)記憶力來促進(jìn)人們的健康。此空與之是并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，notonly...but…"不僅……而且……"是固定結(jié)

構(gòu)，B.Notonlydotheybokbeautiful"它們不僅看起來很漂亮"能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選B。

17.根據(jù)空前"Manyofthesespecies（物種）arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthe

winter.”這些品種中的許多都不適合在英國戶外生長，尤其是在冬天?？芍行┲参锊贿m合在戶外寒冷

的環(huán)境中生長，適合在室內(nèi)溫暖的地方生長。D.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmer"相反，

它們在溫暖的室內(nèi)生長得更好"承接上文，符合語境。故選D。

18.根據(jù)空后”Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood."我發(fā)現(xiàn)在冬

天的幾個月里，房子周圍的植物真的能提升你的情緒?？芍?，室內(nèi)植物對人有好處。C.Therearemany

benefitstogrowingplantsindoors"在室內(nèi)種植植物有很多好處"承接下文，符合語境。故選C。

19.根據(jù)空前“Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmful

gases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking."也有研究表

明，盆栽植物可以通過去除二氧化碳等有害氣體來凈化周圍的空氣。它們還能去除油漆或烹飪中的一些

有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)?？芍?，盆栽植物能夠清除有害物質(zhì)。E.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil'stongueareamong

thebest”像和平百合和魔芋之類的植物是最好的”承接上文，列舉了在這方面做的最好的植物，故選E。

20.根據(jù)空前"Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemasthey

mature-whichispartofthejoyofowningplants."年輕的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它們成

熟時照顧它們——這是擁有植物的樂趣之一。可知，不同的植物需求是不同的；以及空后"Itcanbringa

newinterestandfocusintopeople'slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”它可以為人們的

生活帶來新的興趣和焦點，并有助于建立家庭與自然之間的聯(lián)系。具體介紹了了解每種植物的需求的好

處。G.Learningabou