河南省洛陽市汝陽縣高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考英語試題

英語本試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題的答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whenshouldthemanattendthemeeting?A.At3:50.B.At4:00.C.At4:10.2.Whatwillthemandowhenthesecondalarmrings?A.Gobacktosleep.B.Getupandgetready.C.Setoffforwork.3.Whydoesthemansuggestwalkingtothehank?A.Becauseitistoonear.B.Becausetheywanttogogreen.C.Becauseitishardtopark.4.WhydoesthewomanlearnSpanish?A.Foratrip.B.Tostudyabroad.C.Togotocollege.5.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hecan'tstanddisorder.B.Hedoesn’tsleepwell.C.Hehasnothingtodo.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whogotmarried?A.Theman'ssister.B.Thewoman'ssister.C.Betty'ssister.7.WhatisBetty'sdream?A.Havingapromisingfuture.B.TravelingaroundtheworlD.C.Findinghertruelove.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemanbuyattimesfromaconveniencestore?A.Snacks.B.Magazines.C.Medicine.9.Whatdoerthemanthinkofchipsandsoftdrinks?A.Cheap.B.Unhealthy.C.Tasty.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkasmartspeakerwilldo?A.Spyonpeople.B.Misunderstandpeople.C.Givepeoplemands.11.Whenwillasmartspeakerlisten?A.Allthetime.B.Wheneverasoundismade.C.Whenithearscertainwords.12.Whatdoeshewomanthinkofthesmartspeakers?A.Confusing.B.Worrying.C.Disappointing.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewoman'srequest?A.Changingtoabetterposition.B.Workingforanotherpany.C.Gettingapayrise.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'sworkinginthepersonneldepartment?A.Sheneedsalotoftraining.B.Sheisunfamiliarwiththatposition.C.Sheisequaltothejob.15.Whatshouldthewomandoduringthetrialperiod?A.Improvehertypingskills.B.Learnthenewjob.C.Gettoknownewcolleagues.16.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Heisamanager.B.Heisaninterviewer.C.Heisajobadviser.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatisMr.Hopkinsdoing?A.Bookingahotel.B.Checkingin.C.Checkingout.18.WhatistheluckythingintheroomforMr.Hopkins?A.Thenewfurniture.B.Alargekingsizebed.C.Aniceworkarea.19.Howdoeshemanopenthedoor?A.Turningthekeyinthelock.B.Slidingthekeyintothedoor.C.Windingthehandlewithalight20.Howdoesthespeakerfindthebreakfast?A.It’scheap.B.It'sabundant.C.It’shealthy.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AInspirationInspirationTowerisonthehighestpointinSouthwestMissouri.Takeaglasslifttothespaciousobservationdeck(甲板).Theviewsareabsolutelyphenomenalinanyseason.Onaclearday,youcanseeover90miles.Opensfrom9amto5pmdaily:closesat4pmonMondaysandTuesdays.TitanicMuseumAttractionYou’llenterasaguestandleaveasaTitanicPassenger!Theexhibitsyouseethroughouttheshiparerealandvaluedatover4milliondollars.Visitaroomwhereyoucantouchanauthenticiceberg(冰山)andexperiencethecoldnessoftheicywaterswheretheTitanicsank.Walkalongdecksatthesameangleasthedeckswhentheshipwentdown.ShepherdoftheHillsCelebratetheSpiritoftheSeasonatShepherdoftheHills.NEWthisyearis"TheNorthPoleAdventure".ThisAllNewFamilyWalkThroughExperiencetakesyouonajourneythroughthousandsofbrightlights,hotchocolatestandsandmanmadeobjects.Don'tforgettovisitSanta'sWorkshopforavisitwithoutSanta.Thisexperiencerequiresgoodweather.7DDarkRideAdventureForaninteractivegamelikeyou'veneverexperiencedbefore,gatheryourcourageandcheckoutthe7DDarkRideAdventure!Putallsevenofyoursensestothetesttoday,atthe7DDarkRideAdventure,a3Drideguaranteedtogetyourheartpumping.Notremendedforvisitorswithbackorheartproblems.1.WhencanyouvisitInspirationTower?A.At8:30am,Friday. B.At5:00pm,Thursday.C.At1:30pm,Monday. D.At6:00pm,Sunday.2.WhatcanyoudoatTitanicMuseumAttraction?A.Haveabirdview. B.Walkalongdecks,C.Enjoyhotchocolate. D.Testyourbravery.3.Whichprogramisunsuitableforavisitorwithheartproblems?A.InspirationTower. B.TitanicMuseumAttraction.C.ShepherdoftheHills. D.7DDarkRideAdventure.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文主要介紹了靈感塔、泰坦尼克博物館、牧羊人、7D黑暗之旅四處著名的旅游景點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則廣告中“Opensfrom9amto5pmdaily;closesat4pmonMondaysandTuesdays.”可知，每天上午9點(diǎn)至下午5點(diǎn)開放；周一和周二下午4點(diǎn)關(guān)閉。由此可知，星期一下午1:30可以參觀InspirationTower。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告最后一句“Walkalongdecksatthesameangleasthedeckswhentheshipwentdown.”可知，沿著與船落下時(shí)甲板相同的角度沿著甲板行走。由此可知，你可以在泰坦尼克博物館沿著甲板走路。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四則廣告中“Notremendedforvisitorswithbeckorheartproblems.”可知，不建議有心臟問題的訪客玩。由此可知，7DDarkRideAdventure不適合有心臟問題的游客玩。故選D項(xiàng)。BThispastJanuary,LucyLiureachedamilestoneinherartcareer(事業(yè)).Theworldclassactor,directorandvisualartistpresentedherworktitled"UnhomedBelongings"inamuseumexhibitionforthefirsttime.Liuhasbeenmakingartsinceshewasateenagerandstillstickstoaconsistentstudiopracticealongsideherworkasanactressanddirector.ShegotherstartwhilegrowingupinQueensinthe1980s,wanderingNewYorkCitystreetswithacamerainhand.Herfirstartworkswerephotographs.AftertakingaclassatNewYorkStudioSchool,sheturnedtopainting."IfeltlikeIwasn'tabletoexpressfullywhatIwantedwiththephotograph,"Liuexplained.Withpainting,shediscoveredthatherworkdidn’thavetoberealisticorexacting,ormeetcertainexpectations."Everyonehasadifferentformatforhowtheywanttoshowwhattheyarethinkingabout,orwhattheyareseeingtotheaudience,"hesaid."IjusthadtoletgooftheaudienceandjuststartedthinkingaboutwhatIwantedtosee."Overtime,Liuhasalsoexperimentedwithsculpture,silkscreenandtextiles.ShelooksuptoartistslikeWillemdeKooning,AgnesMartinandRobertFrank,butshefeelsthatherlackofatraditionalartschoolbackgroundhashelpedhertonaturallygrowandexperimentasanartist,whichhelpsalottosetherapartfromotherartists.MuchofLiu'sworktraces(追溯)backtoherchildhood."BecausewewereanimmigrantfamilyandIamfirstgeneration,Ialwayshadthisimbalanceofbelonging,"sheexplained."Ithinkatfirstitwasthelanguagebarrier,notspeakingEnglish,butthenitstartedbeingabouthowIlook."Art,sheexplained,becameawaytoreflectonheryoungerself."Ithinkthatarthelpsevaluatesomeofthepsychologyofyourselfasachild,andtothrowlightuponsomethingsyoumayneverhaveunderstood,"shesaid.4.WhatwasthemilestoneforLucyLiu?A.Herfirstfilmasanactress. B.Herworkasafamousdirector.C.Theexhibitionofherpainting. D.Herartworksofphotographs.5.WhydoesLiupreferpaintingtophotography?A.Shewantstostudysomethingnew. B.Shewantstobetterexpressherself.C.Shewantstopromoteheractingcareer. D.Shedoesn'twanttophotographonthestreet.6.WhatdoesLiuthinkmakesherdifferentfromotherartists?A.Heractingcareer. B.Heridentityasanimmigrant.C.Herexperienceinphotography. D.Herlackofseriousarteducation.7.WhatcanweknowaboutLiu?A.Sheisapioneerinpainting. B.Arthelpsherunderstandtheworld.C.Shehadacarefreechildhood. D.ShehadnodifficultyacquiringEnglish.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了華裔演員、導(dǎo)演和視覺藝術(shù)家LucyLiu（劉玉玲）的畫在博物館展出的情況，并介紹了她畫油畫的歷程和體會(huì)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“ThispastJanuary,LucyLiureachedamilestoneinherartcareer.Theworldclassactor,directorandvisualartistpresentedherworktitled'UnhomedBelongings'inamuseumexhibitionforthefirsttime.”可知，LucyLiu的“里程碑”是她第一次舉行的命名為“UnhomedBelongings”的作品展，同時(shí)根據(jù)下文講述她畫畫的歷程可知，這個(gè)展品是她的painting繪畫作品，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。依據(jù)第二段“AftertakingaclassatNewYorkStudioSchool,sheturnedtopainting.'IfeltlikeIwasn'tabletoexpressfullywhatIwantedwiththephotographs',Liuexplained.”，可知，她由攝影轉(zhuǎn)到繪畫，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為照片無法充分表達(dá)她想表達(dá)的，也就是繪畫讓她更好地表達(dá)自己，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“shefeelsthatherlackofatraditionalartschoolbackgroundhashelpedhertonaturallygrowandexperimentasanartist,whichhelpsalottosetherapartfromotherartists.”可知，劉玉玲認(rèn)為她缺乏傳統(tǒng)的美術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)背景，這幫助她自然成長，成為一名區(qū)別于其他藝術(shù)家的畫家。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最后一段arthelpsevaluatesomeofthepsychologyofyourselfasachild,andtothrowlightuponsomethingsyoumayneverhaveunderstood.可知，藝術(shù)可以幫助評(píng)估作為孩子時(shí)期的心理以及更好地解釋以前你不理解的事情，藝術(shù)幫助她理解世界。故選B項(xiàng)。CManypeopledothingswecan'tunderstandandthatwewouldneverdo.Althoughtherecanbeanumberofdifferentexplanationsforsuchbehavior,onereasonisafailureofempathy.Anditseemsthatwe'reseeingincreasinglevelsofthisfailurethesedays.Empathyistheabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofanotherperson.Itissimilartobutdifferentfromsympathy,whichcanmeansharingacertainfeelingwithsomeonehavingthesamefeelingstheydo.AccordingtoHelenRiess,associateprofessorofpsychiatry(精神病學(xué))atHarvardMedicalSchool,empathyplaysanimportantroleinoursociety'sabilitytofunction,promoting"asharingofexperiences,needs,anddesiresbetweenindividuals".Ourneural(神經(jīng))networksaresetuptointeractwiththeneuralnetworksofothersinordertobothbeawareandunderstandtheirfeelingsandtotellthemapartfromourown,whichenableshumanstolivewithoneanotherwithoutconstantlyfightingorfeelingtakenoverbysomeoneelse.Researchhasshownthatempathyisnotsimplyinborn,butcanactuallybetaught.Forexample,itappearsthatmedical,rainingcanactuallydiminishempathy,butontheotherhand,physicianscanbetaughttobemoreempathictotheirpatients.Interestingly,theirincreasedempathyalsoincreasespatientsatisfactionandcooperationwithtreatmentremendations,thusleadingtobettertreatmentoutes.Itseemstomethatthesetechniquescouldworkwithalotofpeoplebesidesphysicians.Thesedays,Ifindmyselfthinkingthatweshouldbeteachingempathyinschool.Perhapsifwestartintheearlygradesandkeepteachingitthroughhighschool,problemsandinappropriatebehaviorwouldreduce.Empathydoesn'trequireburyingofourownfeelings.Infact,trueempathyisaboutusingourfeelingstounderstandthefeelingsofsomeoneelse.Wemightnotknowexactlyhowtheyfeel,butwemightuseourfeelingstohelpusknowsomethingofwhattheyarefeeling.Thiskindofunderstanding,accordingtoReiss,cancrossbridgesandpromotepositivesocialbehavior.Maybewecouldusealittlemoreempathyinourworld.8.Accordingtothetext,howdoesempathybenefitus?A.Itdevelopsoursympathy. B.Itstrengthensourneuralsystem.C.Ithelpsoursocietyfunctionbetter. D.Itincreasesourlevelofconfidence.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diminish"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reduce. B.Increase. C.Stop. D.Produce.10.Whatislikelytohappenifastudentistaughtempathyconsistentlyatschool?A.Hewillbehavehimselfbetter. B.Hewillimprovehisacademicgrades.C.Hewillchoosetoburyhisfeelings. D.tiewillfeelsatisfiedwiththeschool.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EmpathyHelpsYouWinOut B.EmpathyCanBeLearnedC.Sympathy,FeelingsharingofOthers D.LearntoBeanEmpathicDoctor【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是同理心，同理心是可以通過學(xué)習(xí)獲得的?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段最后一句“AccordingtoHelenRiess,associateprofessorofpsychiatry(精神病學(xué))atHarvardMedicalSchool,empathyplaysanimportantroleinoursociety'sabilitytofunction,promoting"asharingofexperiences,needs,anddesiresbetweenindividuals".”（根據(jù)哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院精神病學(xué)副教授HelenRiess的說法，移情在我們的社會(huì)運(yùn)作能力中扮演著重要的角色，促進(jìn)了“個(gè)人之間的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、需求和欲望的分享”）可知，同理心有助于我們的社會(huì)良好地運(yùn)行，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第四段最后一句“…,butontheotherhand,physicianscanbetaughttobemoreempathictotheirpatients.”（…但另一方面，醫(yī)生可以被教導(dǎo)，對(duì)病人更加同情）可知，外科醫(yī)生可以被教得更加有同理心，but之前的應(yīng)該是與此相反，即“醫(yī)學(xué)上講，下雨似乎會(huì)減少同理心”，A.reduce是減少，B.increase是增加，C.stop是停止，D.produce是生產(chǎn),故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Perhapsifwestartintheearlygradesandkeepteachingitthroughhighschool,problemsandinappropriatebehaviorwouldreduce.”（也許如果我們從低年級(jí)開始，一直教到高中，問題和不恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨闀?huì)減少，）可知，持續(xù)從低年級(jí)到高中進(jìn)行同理心的教育，學(xué)生會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好，故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由第二段第一句“Empathyistheabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofanotherperson.”（同理心是一種理解和分享他人感受的能力）,第四段第一句“Researchhasshownthatempathyisnotsimplyinborn,butcanactuallybetaught.”（研究表明，同理心不是天生的，實(shí)際上是可以教會(huì)的）和第五段第二句“Thesedays,Ifindmyselfthinkingthatweshouldbeteachingempathyinschool.”（這些天，我一直在想我們應(yīng)該在學(xué)校里教授同理心）可知，文章開篇兩段介紹同理心的概念，第三段介紹人天生具有同理心，第四到六段重點(diǎn)講同理心可以被教會(huì)，所以最好的標(biāo)題為“同理心是可以被學(xué)習(xí)的”。故選B項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找出主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括(如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞)。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。該文是介紹了什么是同理心，同理心是可以通過學(xué)習(xí)獲得的，該類文章的中心一般就在個(gè)各個(gè)段落的第一句。因此，考生直接抓住第四，五段“Researchhasshownthatempathyisnotsimplyinborn,butcanactuallybetaught.”（研究表明，同理心不是天生的，實(shí)際上是可以教會(huì)的）以及第五段第二句“Thesedays,Ifindmyselfthinkingthatweshouldbeteachingempathyinschool.”（這些天，我一直在想我們應(yīng)該在學(xué)校里教授同理心）可知，文章第四五段重點(diǎn)講同理心可以被教會(huì)，所以最所以最好的標(biāo)題為“同理心是可以被學(xué)習(xí)的”，即找到了文章中心。DSixtyfeetbeneaththesurfaceoftheCaribbeanSea,aquanaut(觀察員)FabienCousteauandindustrialdesignerYvesBeharareimaginingtheworld'slargestunderwaterresearchstation.ThepairhaveforthefirsttimeshownProteusa4,000squarefootmodular(組合)labthatwillsitunderthewateroffthecoastofCuracao,providingahometoscientist,andresearchersfromacrosstheworldstudyingtheocean.Designedasatwostoryroundbuildinggroundedtotheoceanfloor,Proteuscontainslaboratories,personalquarters,medicalbaysandamoonpoolwherediverscanaccesstheoceanfloor.Poweredbywindandsolarenergyandoceanthermalenergy,differentfromitsforerunners,thebuildingwillhavethefirstunderwatergreenhouseforgrowingfood.Theunderwatersitewillallowscientiststoperformcontinuousnightanddaydivingwithoutrequiringhoursofrelievingpressurebetweendives.Likeastronautsinspace,theycanstayunderwaterfordaysorweeksatatime.Thoughoceanscover71percentoftheworld'ssurface,humanshaveonlyexploredabout5percentandmappedlessthan20percentoftheworld'sseas."Oceanexplorationis1,000timesmoreimportantthanspaceexplorationfor,selfishly,oursurvival,forourlifeintothefuture,"Cousteausaid,"It'sourlifesupportsystem.Itistheveryreasonwhyweexistinthefirstplace."ProteusisintendedtobetheunderwaterversionoftheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),wheregovernmentagencies,scientists,andtheprivatepaniescancooperate,regardlessofborders.Spaceexplorationreceivesmoreattentionandfundingthanitsoceancopy,whichCousteauhopestochangethatwithProteus.Whiletheprojectcurrentlyhassomebackingfromprivatepanies,itiscurrentlyseekingfurtherfunding.Beyondbackers,thestation'swetanddrylabscanberentedtogovernmentagencies,corporationsandacademicinstitutions.PartoftheplanistomakeiteasytoseeregularlywhatishappeningonProteus,includinglivestreamsandVR/ARcontent.InthiswayCousteauhopestoengageawideraudience.12.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThepurposeofProteus. B.ThebenefitsofProteus.C.ThefunctionsofProteus. D.ThesignificanceofProteus.13.WhyisoceanexplorationvitalaccordingtoCousteau?A.Oceansareunderexplored. B.Oceanexplorationisleftunnoticed.C.Oceansdeterminehumans'lifeandfuture. D.Oceanscovermostofthesurfaceoftheearth.14.WhatdoesCousteauthinkoftheproject?A.Itneedsimprovement. B.Itneedsbetterpolicies.C.Itneedsopportunities. D.Itneedsmoreattention.15.Wheredoesthetextprobablyefrom?A.Asciencereport. B.Aguidebook. C.Adiary. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了一個(gè)類似太空空間站的海底研究站?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theunderwatersitewillallowscientiststoperformcontinuousnightanddaydivingwithoutrequiringhoursofrelievingpressurebetweendives.(這個(gè)水下地點(diǎn)將允許科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行連續(xù)的晝夜?jié)撍恍枰趦纱螡撍g花費(fèi)數(shù)小時(shí)來緩解壓力)”可知，第三段主要介紹了海底研究站的功能，故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Cousteau所說的話“Oceanexplorationis1,000timesmoreimportantthanspaceexplorationfor,selfishly,oursurvival,forourlifeintothefuture”(為了我們的生存，為了我們未來的生活，海洋探索比太空探索重要1000倍”)可知海洋決定了人類的命運(yùn)和未來，所以海洋探索很重要，故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。依據(jù)最后一段“InthiswayCousteauhopestoengageawideraudience.(庫斯托希望通過這種方式吸引更廣泛的觀眾)”可知Cousteau希望這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能夠吸引更多人關(guān)注，從而獲得更多支持，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)類似太空空間站的海底研究站，屬于科普?qǐng)?bào)道的范疇。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。They'reunpleasantlysweet,nutritionallyempty,andincreasinglysubjecttotaxation.Morethan35statesandsevencitiesintheUSnowintroduceataxonsoda(碳酸飲料)andothersugarsweeteneddrinks.____16____Publichealthresearchersandorganizationsseethesetaxesaslowhangingfruitinthebattleagainstbeingoverweightandthehealthproblemssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)thatoftenewithit.IntheUnitedStates,nearly40percentofadultsareoverweight.___17___Butthewidespreadconsumptionoffoodspackedwithaddedsugarsplaysamajorrole,anddrinksaccountfornearlyhalftheaddedsugarintheAmericandiet."It'sreallyhardtoridthebehaviors.Andtaxesareoneofthemostinfluentialpoliciestomovetheneedleonunhealthyeatinghabits,"saysChristinaRoberto,abehavioralscientistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia.____18____Manypublichealthresearcherssaythere'sagoodreasontothinktheycanrelievetheharmsofsugarydrinks,too.Atthesametime,somearguethatsodataxesmightnothavetheinfluenceonpublichealth.___19___Or,theycouldswitchtootherunhealthyfoods.Or,insomecases,theycouldsimplybuytheirsodainaneighboringcitythatdoesn'ttaxthem.Whilesupportersacknowledgethatsuchsmallpriceincreasesareunlikelytodiscourageoccasional(偶爾)sodadrinkers,thosearen'tthepeopleatgreatestrisk.Thehopeisthattaxeswillleadtoareductioninconsumptionbypeoplewithmoreserioushabits.___20___Butanincreasingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthetaxeshavealreadyreducedconsumptionofsugarydrinksinsomeareasanencouragingandvitalstep.A.Theproblemisplex.B.Thedebateisstillgoingon.C.Ineffect,itistaxingonbadhabits.D.Theuseoftaxeshasalonghistory.E.Severalmoreplacesareconsideringit.FTaxeshavehelpedreducetheeffectofalcoholantitobacco.G.It’slikelythatpeopledon'tcareaboutthedifferencethelowtaxesmaymake.【答案】16.E17.A18.F19.G20.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了對(duì)于含糖飲料征稅的情況。【16題詳解】前一句提到“Morethan35statesandsevencitiesintheUSnowintroduceataxonsodaandothersugarsweeteneddrinks.”美國超過35個(gè)地區(qū)和7個(gè)城市現(xiàn)在開始對(duì)碳酸飲料和含糖飲料征稅，所以接下來，選項(xiàng)E“更多地區(qū)也在考慮這個(gè)問題”，邏輯上為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。Morethan35statesandsevencities呼應(yīng)moreplaces。故選E。【17題詳解】前一句提到“IntheUnitedStates,nearly40percentofadultsareoverweight.”美國百分之四十的成年人都有肥胖癥?？崭窈缶溆胋ut話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，“thewidespreadconsumptionoffoodspackedwithaddedsugarsplaysamajorrole,anddrinksaccountfornearlyhalftheaddedsugarintheAmericandiet.”指出大量消費(fèi)含糖食物是主要原因，其中飲料占美國飲食中糖分的一半。這是肥胖癥的部分原因，所以空格出現(xiàn)的句子是承上啟下的過渡句，選項(xiàng)A“這個(gè)問題很復(fù)雜”，句意和邏輯上都滿足要求，Theproblem指代上文的“美國百分之四十的成年人都有肥胖癥”。故選A。【18題詳解】本句和后句聯(lián)系緊密。空格后“Manypublichealthresearcherssaythere'sagoodreasontothinktheycanrelievetheharmsofsugarydrinks,too.”很多公共健康研究者說有充足的理由認(rèn)為，稅收也可以減少含糖飲料的不良影響?？芍崭襁@句應(yīng)該是介紹稅收的好處，選項(xiàng)F“稅收已經(jīng)降低了酒精和煙草的影響”。relievetheharmsofsugarydrinks呼應(yīng)reducetheeffectofalcoholantitobacco。故選F。

【19題詳解】本段介紹了反對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)，“somearguethatsodataxesmightnothavetheinfluenceonpublichealth.”與此同時(shí)，一些人認(rèn)為對(duì)碳酸飲料征稅可能不會(huì)對(duì)公眾健康產(chǎn)生影響，空格后介紹了或者，他們可以轉(zhuǎn)向其他不健康的食物。所以空格的內(nèi)容是和空格后并列的行為，選項(xiàng)G“很可能人們并不關(guān)心低稅收可能帶來的差異”，滿足要求，don'tcareaboutthedifference呼應(yīng)switchtootherunhealthyfoods。故選G?！?0題詳解】本段是末段，總結(jié)全文。上文既有支持觀點(diǎn)也有反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)，空格后出現(xiàn)了but邏輯上出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，內(nèi)容上越來越多的研究表明征稅已經(jīng)引起一些地區(qū)含糖飲料消費(fèi)量的下降，選項(xiàng)B“爭(zhēng)論還在進(jìn)行”，切題。是對(duì)上文既有支持觀點(diǎn)也有反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。故選B。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Evenas,teacher,mymotherdidn'tunderstand"learningdisabilities".The____21____wasalmostunknownwhenIwasachild.Shewas____22____Iwasbrightandwasworkinghardatschool.Shewonderedwhymyachievementwasso____23____.EveryonesaidIwaslazy,stupidorboth.ThenIbeganto____24____them.SometimesIjust____25____.Icouldn'twrite,readoranswerquestionsquickly.Anyway,Igraduated.AlthoughIwasthe____26____inmyclass.Iwantedtogotolawschoolagainstthebest____27____ofmyschoolconsultants.___28___,BrooklynLawSchooltookachanceonme.I____29____withmybestacademicperformanceandIgraduatedbetterthistimeinthemiddleofmyclass.BylawschoolIhadbegunto____30____howtomakeupformyproblems.Ihadthe____31____tomeetSteveLusthaus,a(n)___32___,whospenthour____33____legalconceptswithme.Lawschoolwas____34____becausetherewasmorestressonconceptsandlessonrote(死記硬背)learning,mygreatest____35____.SteveandIstilljokeaboutwhenhe____36____mebeforeanexamwhereIscoredan"A"andheonlya"B".IalsorememberthenightIdecidedtodropoutbecauseoftheendless____37____andStevearguedwithme,____38____toletmesleepuntilIagreedtostay.Luckily,bythetimeIwasdiagnosed(診斷)aslearningdisabledattheageofthirtyfive,Ihadlearnedto____39____myproblems.Bytheageofthirtyseven,Iwasa____40____.21.A.term B.situation C.idea D.method22.A.uncertain B.convinced C.hopeful D.proud23.A.low B.remarkable C.meaningless D.satisfying24.A.leave B.believe C.ignore D.avoid25.A.carriedon B.slippedaway C.yelledout D.gaveup26.A.first B.second C.middle D.last27.A.work B.advice C.teaching D.offer28.A.Eventually B.Obviously C.Generally D.Luckily29.A.responded B.dealt C.didaway D.gotaway30.A.regret B.share C.learn D.forget31.A.time B.right C.fortune D.possibility32.A.professor B.colleague C.student D.officer33.A.changing B.creating C.questioning D.discussing34.A.easier B.better C.moredifficult D.moreplex35.A.achievement B.advantage C.weakness D.ambition36.A.quarrelledwith B.tutored C.playedwith D.stopped37.A.pressure B.petition C.notes D.lectures38.A.trying B.hesitating C.refusing D.forcing39.A.stand B.prevent C.remove D.handle40.A.prisoner B.judge C.father D.patient【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.B25.D26.D27.B28.D29.A30.C31.C32.C33.D34.A35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了患有學(xué)習(xí)障礙癥的作者，在父母、同學(xué)的關(guān)愛和鼓勵(lì)下，通過自己的努力成長為一名法官的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我小時(shí)候，大家都不知道這個(gè)“術(shù)語”。A.term術(shù)語；B.situation形勢(shì)，情況；C.idea想法，主意；D.method方式，方法。依據(jù)最后一段可知，“我”三十五歲才確診患有學(xué)習(xí)障礙癥，所以，“我”小的時(shí)候大家都不知道這個(gè)“術(shù)語”，指learningdisabilities，故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：我媽媽堅(jiān)信我很聰明，她也知道我在學(xué)校很努力。A.uncertain不確定的；B.convinced確信的，深信的；C.hopeful滿懷希望的，給人以希望的；D.proud驕傲的。結(jié)合上文，“我”小時(shí)候大家都不知道“我”有學(xué)習(xí)障礙，所以作為媽媽，那時(shí)候是很相信自己的孩子是聰明努力的，故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：她想知道為什么我成績(jī)很差。A.low低的；差的；B.remarkable引人注目的，卓越的，顯著的；C.meaningless無意義的；D.satisfying令人滿意的。結(jié)合上句，媽媽認(rèn)為孩子聰明又努力，但是孩子的成績(jī)?cè)愀猓圆舧onder想知道原因，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：學(xué)校的人都說我又懶又笨，過了一段時(shí)間，我就相信“他們（所說的話）”了。A.leave離開，拋下；B.believe相信；C.ignore忽視；D.avoid避免，防止。每一個(gè)人都在否定“我”，結(jié)合下文“我”一系列消極的反應(yīng)，說明別人說的時(shí)間久了，自己就信了，故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：有時(shí)候我就直接“放棄”了。A.carryon繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，經(jīng)營；B.slipaway不告而別，溜走；C.yellout喊出；D.giveup放棄。此空承接上一句，“我”相信別人對(duì)我的否定，結(jié)合“Icouldn'twrite,readoranswerquestionsquickly.”不能很快的讀寫以及回答問題，所以有時(shí)候“我”直接就放棄了。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：盡管成績(jī)是班里最后一名（last）。A.first第一的；B.second第二的；C.middle中間的；D.last最后的。根據(jù)上文自己學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，可知作者成績(jī)很差，故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我想去學(xué)法律，這違背學(xué)校顧問提出的最佳“建議”。A.work工作；B.advice建議；C.teaching教學(xué)；D.offer提議。“我”成績(jī)這樣差，學(xué)習(xí)能力又弱，竟然想去學(xué)法律，學(xué)校的顧問肯定不會(huì)這樣建議的，故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：非常幸運(yùn)地是，布魯克林法學(xué)院接受我這樣一個(gè)差生。A.Eventually最后，終于；B.Obviously明顯地，顯而易見地；C.Generally籠統(tǒng)地，通常地；D.Luckily幸運(yùn)地。布魯克林法學(xué)院竟然接受了我，肯定是很幸運(yùn)，故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：被這么好的學(xué)校接受了，我就用最好的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)來“回報(bào)”。A.respond回應(yīng)，回答，反應(yīng)；B.deal處理，涉及；C.doaway消滅；D.getaway逃離。結(jié)合上文語境，“我”很幸運(yùn)可以來到這個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)法律，所以要好好學(xué)，用成績(jī)回應(yīng)學(xué)校給的機(jī)會(huì)，且空后有介詞with，respondwith“用......回復(fù)，回應(yīng)”，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：到法學(xué)院時(shí)，我開始“學(xué)會(huì)”怎樣彌補(bǔ)我的問題。A.regret后悔，遺憾；B.share分享；C.learn學(xué)習(xí)；D.forget忘記，忘卻，忽略。根據(jù)上文分析以及選項(xiàng)，可知是學(xué)著彌補(bǔ)自己的不足，故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我有“幸”認(rèn)識(shí)了SteveLusthaus，我的同學(xué)，他愿意花好幾個(gè)小時(shí)和我“討論”法律概念。A.time時(shí)間；B.right權(quán)利；C.fortune時(shí)運(yùn)，運(yùn)氣；D.possibility可能性。結(jié)合語境，“我”遇到愿意和我一起學(xué)習(xí)的人，是幸運(yùn)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意同上。A.professor教授；B.colleague同學(xué)；C.student學(xué)生；D.officer官員。從下文第16所在句子，知道他們一起開玩笑談?wù)摽荚嚦煽?jī)，所以推斷作者和Steve是同學(xué)關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意同上。A.changing改變；B.creating創(chuàng)造；C.questioning提問，詢問；D.discussing談?wù)?，討論?？崭窈蟮馁e語是法律概念，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該是討論這些概念，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：法學(xué)院比大學(xué)“容易”，因?yàn)榉▽W(xué)院更注重概念的理解，而不是死記硬背的學(xué)習(xí)這是我最嚴(yán)重的的不足。A.easier更容易的；B.better更好的；C.moredifficult更困難；D.moreplex更復(fù)雜的。法學(xué)院和大學(xué)不一樣，他注重的不是我所不擅長的死記硬背，所以對(duì)“我”而言，比大學(xué)容易，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意同上。A.achievement完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)，優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C.weakness弱點(diǎn)，缺點(diǎn)；D.ambition雄心，野心。此空是前邊rotelearning的同位語，因?yàn)樽髡呋加袑W(xué)習(xí)障礙癥，因此死記硬背是他的“弱點(diǎn)”，故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：Steve和我還會(huì)開玩笑，說起當(dāng)初考試前他“輔導(dǎo)”我，結(jié)果我考A他考B的事。A.quarrelwith與……爭(zhēng)吵；B.tutor任課，指導(dǎo)；C.playwith同……一起玩；D.stop使停止，停留。結(jié)合語境，依照“我”的實(shí)際情況，應(yīng)該是Steve在考試前幫助“我”，教“我”，故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我依然記得那天晚上，因?yàn)闊o盡的“壓力”我想退學(xué)，Steve和我爭(zhēng)論一晚上，直到我同意不退學(xué)，才讓我去睡覺。A.pressure壓力；B.petition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；C.notes筆記；D.lectures演講，講課。結(jié)合上文語境可知，以“我”的能力，在法律學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，肯定會(huì)面臨很大的壓力，故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意同上。A.trying嘗試；B.hesitating猶豫；C.refusing拒絕，回絕；D.forcing強(qiáng)制，強(qiáng)迫。此處指Steve一直勸“我”，不讓“我”睡覺直到我同意留下來，故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，當(dāng)我三十五歲才查出有學(xué)習(xí)障礙癥時(shí)，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了應(yīng)對(duì)它。A.stand站立，忍受；B.prevent阻礙；C.remove移開，清除；D.handle應(yīng)對(duì)，處理。三十五才知道自己這么多年癥結(jié)所在，其實(shí)是不幸的，但對(duì)于“我”而言，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)很好地應(yīng)對(duì)自己的問題，所以才幸運(yùn)，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：三十七歲，我成了一名法官。A.prisoner囚犯，犯人；B.judge法官；C.father父親；D.patient病人，患者。上文說“我”喜歡法律且努力在法學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)法律，并且成績(jī)不錯(cuò)，因此選“法官”合適。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinaistheworld'slargestcenterofgoodsmakingandtheworld'slargestexporterofgoods.Chineseagriculturenotonlyhelpsfeed____41____(develop)placesbutalsohelpsfeedothermajorworldpowers.Chinahashelpedmany____42____(Europe),SouthAmericanandNorthAfricancountriesdealwiththeeconomiccrisis(經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)).China,____43____hasgrownfastoverthepastdecade,isnowthelargesteconomyoutsidethegroupofdeveloped____44____(country).China,inparticular,isinthenewseveryday.Generally,it____45____(see)asoneoftheworld'smajor