論文化負(fù)載詞的歸化與異化以電影《姜子牙》字幕翻譯為例

論文化負(fù)載詞的歸化與異化以電影《姜子牙》字幕翻譯為例一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle在全球化日益加劇的今天，電影作為文化交流的重要媒介，其字幕翻譯在跨文化傳播中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色。特別是在富含文化負(fù)載詞的影片中，字幕翻譯不僅要傳達(dá)原作的語(yǔ)義信息，更要確保目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾能夠準(zhǔn)確理解和感受到原作的文化內(nèi)涵。本文以電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯為案例，深入探討歸化與異化策略在處理文化負(fù)載詞時(shí)的運(yùn)用及其影響。通過(guò)對(duì)電影中文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯實(shí)踐進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析，本文旨在揭示歸化與異化策略在跨文化電影字幕翻譯中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，以及它們?cè)趥鬟f文化信息、塑造觀眾認(rèn)知等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)和局限性。本文還將對(duì)電影字幕翻譯中文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯方法進(jìn)行總結(jié)，以期為電影字幕翻譯的實(shí)踐和研究提供新的視角和啟示。Intoday'sincreasinglyglobalizedworld,asanimportantmediumforculturalexchange,filmsubtitletranslationplaysacrucialroleincross-culturalcommunication.Especiallyinfilmsrichinculturalloadedwords,subtitletranslationnotonlyconveysthesemanticinformationoftheoriginalwork,butalsoensuresthatthetargetlanguageaudiencecanaccuratelyunderstandandfeeltheculturalconnotationsoftheoriginalwork.Thisarticletakesthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya"asacasestudytoexploreindepththeapplicationandinfluenceofdomesticationandforeignizationstrategiesindealingwithculturalloadedwords.Throughadetailedanalysisofthetranslationpracticeofculturalloadedwordsinmovies,thisarticleaimstorevealthepracticalapplicationofdomesticationandforeignizationstrategiesincross-culturalfilmsubtitletranslation,aswellastheiradvantagesandlimitationsinconveyingculturalinformationandshapingaudiencecognition.Thisarticlewillalsosummarizethetranslationmethodsofculturalloadedwordsinmoviesubtitletranslation,inordertoprovidenewperspectivesandinspirationsforthepracticeandresearchofmoviesubtitletranslation.二、文化負(fù)載詞的特點(diǎn)及其翻譯難點(diǎn)Thecharacteristicsandtranslationdifficultiesofculturalloadedwords文化負(fù)載詞，作為語(yǔ)言中的特殊成分，承載著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵和獨(dú)特的民族色彩。這些詞匯往往與某一文化、歷史、地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等緊密相關(guān)，反映了一個(gè)民族的生活方式、價(jià)值觀念和思維模式。在電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，文化負(fù)載詞的存在給翻譯工作帶來(lái)了不小的挑戰(zhàn)。Culturalloadedwords,asaspecialcomponentoflanguage,carryrichculturalconnotationsanduniqueethniccolors.Thesevocabularywordsareoftencloselyrelatedtoacertainculture,history,geography,customs,etc.,reflectingthewayoflife,values,andthinkingpatternsofanation.Inthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya",thepresenceofculturalloadedwordsposessignificantchallengestothetranslationwork.文化負(fù)載詞的特點(diǎn)之一是它們通常具有深厚的文化背景和特定的歷史內(nèi)涵。這些詞匯往往不能直接通過(guò)字面意思進(jìn)行翻譯，而需要考慮到其背后的文化含義和歷史背景。例如，在《姜子牙》中，涉及到大量的古代神話、傳說(shuō)和道教文化，這些詞匯對(duì)于非中文觀眾來(lái)說(shuō)可能難以理解。Oneofthecharacteristicsofculturalloadedwordsisthattheyusuallyhaveaprofoundculturalbackgroundandspecifichistoricalconnotations.Thesewordsoftencannotbetranslateddirectlybasedontheirliteralmeaning,butneedtotakeintoaccounttheculturalandhistoricalbackgroundbehindthem.Forexample,inJiangZiya,therearenumerousancientmyths,legends,andTaoistculturesthatmaybedifficultfornonChineseaudiencestounderstand.翻譯難點(diǎn)之一是如何在保持原詞文化特色的讓目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾能夠理解和接受。歸化翻譯策略往往強(qiáng)調(diào)將原文中的文化負(fù)載詞轉(zhuǎn)化為目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾熟悉的文化元素，以便更好地傳達(dá)原文的意義。然而，這樣做可能會(huì)損失原文的文化特色和歷史內(nèi)涵。而異化翻譯策略則更注重保留原文的文化特色，但可能會(huì)讓目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾感到陌生或難以理解。Oneofthedifficultiesintranslationishowtomaintaintheculturalcharacteristicsoftheoriginalwordandenablethetargetlanguageaudiencetounderstandandacceptit.Thedomesticationtranslationstrategyoftenemphasizesthetransformationofculturalloadedwordsintheoriginaltextintoculturalelementsfamiliartothetargetlanguageaudience,inordertobetterconveythemeaningoftheoriginaltext.However,doingsomayresultinlosingtheculturalcharacteristicsandhistoricalconnotationsoftheoriginaltext.Theforeignizationtranslationstrategyfocusesmoreonpreservingtheculturalcharacteristicsoftheoriginaltext,butmaymakethetargetlanguageaudiencefeelunfamiliarordifficulttounderstand.因此，在翻譯《姜子牙》這樣的具有濃厚文化特色的電影時(shí)，翻譯者需要在歸化和異化之間尋找一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)。既要考慮到目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾的理解能力，又要盡可能地保留原文的文化特色和歷史內(nèi)涵。這需要翻譯者具備深厚的語(yǔ)言功底和文化素養(yǎng)，同時(shí)也需要靈活運(yùn)用各種翻譯策略和方法。Therefore,whentranslatingfilmswithstrongculturalcharacteristicssuchasJiangZiya,translatorsneedtofindabalancebetweendomesticationandforeignization.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheunderstandingabilityofthetargetlanguageaudiencewhilepreservingtheculturalcharacteristicsandhistoricalconnotationsoftheoriginaltextasmuchaspossible.Thisrequirestranslatorstohaveastronglanguagefoundationandculturalliteracy,aswellastoflexiblyapplyvarioustranslationstrategiesandmethods.三、電影《姜子牙》字幕翻譯中文化負(fù)載詞的歸化策略Thedomesticationstrategyofculturalloadedwordsinsubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya"在電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，對(duì)于文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯處理，歸化策略起到了重要的作用。歸化策略，即將源語(yǔ)言中的文化元素轉(zhuǎn)化為目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言觀眾所熟悉的文化元素，有助于減少文化隔閡，提高觀眾的觀影體驗(yàn)。Inthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya",domesticationstrategiesplayanimportantroleinthetranslationofculturalloadedwords.Thedomesticationstrategy,whichconvertsculturalelementsinthesourcelanguageintoculturalelementsfamiliartothetargetlanguageaudience,helpstoreduceculturalbarriersandimprovetheaudience'sviewingexperience.針對(duì)電影中的地名、人名等專有名詞，譯者采用了音譯結(jié)合意譯的方式，既保留了原詞的文化特色，又使得觀眾能夠理解其含義。例如，對(duì)于“姜子牙”這一人名，譯者直接音譯為“JiangZiya”，同時(shí)在字幕下方添加解釋性文字，幫助觀眾理解這是中國(guó)古代神話中的一位重要人物。Thetranslatoradoptedacombinationoftransliterationandfreetranslationtoaddressproprietarytermssuchasplacenamesandpersonalnamesinthemovie,retainingtheculturalcharacteristicsoftheoriginalwordswhileallowingtheaudiencetounderstandtheirmeanings.Forexample,forthename"JiangZiya",thetranslatordirectlytransliteratesitas"JiangZiya"andaddsexplanatorytextbelowthesubtitlestohelptheaudienceunderstandthatthisisanimportantfigureinancientChinesemythology.對(duì)于電影中的習(xí)俗、傳統(tǒng)等文化負(fù)載詞，譯者采用了意譯或解釋性翻譯的方式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言觀眾所熟悉的文化元素。例如，電影中提到的“封神榜”，譯者將其翻譯為“TheListofGods”，并在字幕下方添加了簡(jiǎn)短的解釋，說(shuō)明這是中國(guó)古代神話中記載神仙名冊(cè)的榜單。這樣的翻譯方式，既保留了原詞的文化內(nèi)涵，又使得觀眾能夠輕松理解。Forculturalloadedwordssuchascustomsandtraditionsinmovies,translatorsusefreetranslationorinterpretivetranslationtotransformthemintoculturalelementsfamiliartothetargetlanguageaudience.Forexample,the"ListofGods"mentionedinthemoviewastranslatedbythetranslatoras"TheListofGods"andabriefexplanationwasaddedbelowthesubtitles,indicatingthatthisisthelistofimmortalsrecordedinancientChinesemythology.Thistranslationmethodnotonlypreservestheculturalconnotationsoftheoriginalword,butalsomakesiteasyfortheaudiencetounderstand.在字幕翻譯中，譯者還注重運(yùn)用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的修辭手法和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，使得翻譯更加地道、自然。例如，對(duì)于電影中的詩(shī)句、諺語(yǔ)等文化負(fù)載詞，譯者采用了押韻、對(duì)仗等修辭手法，使得翻譯更加符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。Insubtitletranslation,translatorsalsopayattentiontousingtherhetoricaldevicesandexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguage,makingthetranslationmoreauthenticandnatural.Forexample,forculturalloadedwordssuchaspoetryandproverbsinmovies,translatorsuserhetoricaldevicessuchasrhymeandcontrasttomakethetranslationmoreinlinewiththeexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguage.電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯在處理文化負(fù)載詞時(shí)，運(yùn)用了多種歸化策略，既保留了原詞的文化特色，又使得觀眾能夠輕松理解。這樣的翻譯方式，不僅有助于傳播中國(guó)文化，還能夠提高觀眾的觀影體驗(yàn)。Thesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya"employsvariousdomesticationstrategieswhendealingwithculturalloadedwords,retainingtheculturalcharacteristicsoftheoriginalwordsandmakingiteasyfortheaudiencetounderstand.ThistranslationmethodnotonlyhelpstospreadChineseculture,butalsoenhancestheaudience'sviewingexperience.四、電影《姜子牙》字幕翻譯中文化負(fù)載詞的異化策略Theforeignizationstrategyofculturalloadedwordsinsubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya"在電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，對(duì)于文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯策略，異化策略的應(yīng)用顯得尤為重要。異化策略，即盡可能地保留源語(yǔ)言文化的特色和獨(dú)特之處，以便目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾能夠接觸并了解源語(yǔ)言文化的獨(dú)特魅力。在《姜子牙》這部深受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化影響的作品中，異化策略的應(yīng)用對(duì)于傳遞其深厚的文化內(nèi)涵具有不可或缺的作用。Inthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya",thetranslationstrategyofculturalloadedwordsandtheapplicationofforeignizationstrategyareparticularlyimportant.Thestrategyofalienationistopreservethecharacteristicsanduniquenessofthesourcelanguageandcultureasmuchaspossible,sothatthetargetlanguageaudiencecancomeintocontactwithandunderstandtheuniquecharmofthesourcelanguageandculture.InJiangZiya,aworkdeeplyinfluencedbytraditionalChineseculture,theapplicationofalienationstrategyplaysanindispensableroleinconveyingitsprofoundculturalconnotations.對(duì)于具有鮮明中國(guó)特色的文化負(fù)載詞，翻譯時(shí)采用了直譯的方式，以保留其獨(dú)特的文化內(nèi)涵。例如，對(duì)于“姜子牙”這一角色名，直接翻譯成“JiangZiya”，而不是選擇更為常見(jiàn)的英文名。這樣的處理方式，使得觀眾在觀影過(guò)程中能夠直接接觸到中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化和人物，增加了電影的文化深度。ForculturallyloadedwordswithdistinctChinesecharacteristics,literaltranslationisusedtopreservetheiruniqueculturalconnotations.Forexample,forthecharactername"JiangZiya",translateitdirectlyas"JiangZiya"insteadofchoosingamorecommonEnglishname.ThisapproachallowstheaudiencetodirectlycomeintocontactwithtraditionalChinesecultureandcharactersduringtheviewingprocess,increasingtheculturaldepthofthefilm.對(duì)于電影中出現(xiàn)的成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)等具有文化特色的詞匯，翻譯時(shí)也采用了異化策略，盡可能地保留其原意和韻味。例如，電影中的“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”被翻譯為“Theriseandfallofthenationdependsontheeffortsofeveryindividual”，這樣的翻譯不僅保留了原文的深刻內(nèi)涵，也使得目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾能夠領(lǐng)略到中文成語(yǔ)的獨(dú)特魅力。Forculturalvocabularysuchasidiomsandcolloquialismsthatappearinmovies,foreignizationstrategiesarealsousedintranslationtopreservetheiroriginalmeaningandcharmasmuchaspossible.Forexample,thephrase"theriseandfallofthenationdependsontheeffectsofeveryindividual"inthemovieistranslatedas"Theriseandfallofthenationdependsontheeffectsofeveryindividual".Thistranslationnotonlyretainstheprofoundconnotationoftheoriginaltext,butalsoallowsthetargetlanguageaudiencetoappreciatetheuniquecharmofChineseidioms.對(duì)于電影中出現(xiàn)的神話、傳說(shuō)等元素，翻譯時(shí)也盡可能地保留了其文化特色。例如，對(duì)于“封神榜”這一神話元素，翻譯時(shí)直接采用了“DivineRecord”的譯法，既保留了其神秘色彩，也使得目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾能夠感受到中國(guó)神話文化的魅力。Whentranslatingelementssuchasmythsandlegendsthatappearinmovies,effortsaremadetopreservetheirculturalcharacteristicsasmuchaspossible.Forexample,forthemythologicalelementof"FengshenBang",thetranslationdirectlyadoptsthe"DivineRecord"translationmethod,whichnotonlyretainsitsmysteriouscolor,butalsoallowsthetargetlanguageaudiencetofeelthecharmofChinesemythologicalculture.電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯在處理文化負(fù)載詞時(shí)，采用了異化策略，盡可能地保留了源語(yǔ)言文化的特色和獨(dú)特之處。這樣的翻譯策略不僅有助于傳遞電影的文化內(nèi)涵，也有助于推動(dòng)中國(guó)文化的國(guó)際傳播。Thesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya"adoptsastrategyofforeignizationwhendealingwithculturalloadedwords,preservingthecharacteristicsanduniquenessofthesourcelanguagecultureasmuchaspossible.Thistranslationstrategynotonlyhelpstoconveytheculturalconnotationsofmovies,butalsopromotestheinternationaldisseminationofChineseculture.五、歸化與異化策略在電影《姜子牙》字幕翻譯中的平衡與選擇Thebalanceandselectionofdomesticationandforeignizationstrategiesinsubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya"在電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，歸化與異化策略的運(yùn)用顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。這部影片作為一部具有濃厚中國(guó)文化特色的動(dòng)畫(huà)電影，其字幕翻譯不僅要傳達(dá)影片的基本情節(jié)，更要傳遞出中國(guó)文化的內(nèi)涵和韻味。因此，在翻譯過(guò)程中，如何平衡歸化與異化策略，成為了譯者需要面臨的重要問(wèn)題。Theuseofdomesticationandforeignizationstrategiesisparticularlycrucialinthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya".AsananimatedfilmwithstrongChineseculturalcharacteristics,thesubtitletranslationofthisfilmnotonlyconveysthebasicplotofthefilm,butalsoconveystheconnotationandcharmofChineseculture.Therefore,howtobalancedomesticationandforeignizationstrategiesinthetranslationprocesshasbecomeanimportantissuethattranslatorsneedtoface.歸化策略有助于觀眾更好地理解和接受影片，因?yàn)樗軌驅(qū)⒃Z(yǔ)中的文化元素轉(zhuǎn)化為目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾所熟悉的形式。在《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，歸化策略的運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在對(duì)一些具有中國(guó)特色的文化元素進(jìn)行解釋或轉(zhuǎn)換，以便觀眾能夠更好地理解。例如，對(duì)于一些中國(guó)古代的神話人物和傳說(shuō)，譯者采用了歸化策略，將其翻譯為觀眾所熟知的西方神話人物或概念，從而幫助觀眾更好地理解故事情節(jié)。Thedomesticationstrategyhelpstheaudiencebetterunderstandandacceptthefilm,asitcantransformculturalelementsinthesourcelanguageintofamiliarformsforthetargetlanguageaudience.Inthesubtitletranslationof"JiangZiya",theapplicationofdomesticationstrategyisreflectedinexplainingortransformingsomeculturalelementswithChinesecharacteristics,sothattheaudiencecanbetterunderstand.Forexample,forsomeancientChinesemythologicalcharactersandlegends,thetranslatoradoptsadomesticationstrategytotranslatethemintoWesternmythologicalcharactersorconceptsthattheaudienceisfamiliarwith,inordertohelptheaudiencebetterunderstandthestoryplot.然而，過(guò)度的歸化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致原語(yǔ)文化的流失，使得影片失去了原有的特色和魅力。因此，在《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，譯者也注重了異化策略的運(yùn)用。異化策略能夠保留原語(yǔ)中的文化元素，讓觀眾能夠感受到中國(guó)文化的獨(dú)特魅力。例如，對(duì)于一些具有中國(guó)特色的詞匯和表達(dá)方式，譯者采用了直譯或音譯的方式，將其完整地保留下來(lái)，以便觀眾能夠更深入地了解中國(guó)文化。However,excessivedomesticationmayleadtothelossoftheoriginallanguageculture,causingthefilmtoloseitsoriginalcharacteristicsandcharm.Therefore,inthesubtitletranslationof"JiangZiya",thetranslatoralsopaysattentiontotheuseofforeignizationstrategies.Thestrategyofalienationcanpreservetheculturalelementsintheoriginallanguage,allowingtheaudiencetofeeltheuniquecharmofChineseculture.Forexample,forsomevocabularyandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristics,translatorsuseliteraltranslationortransliterationtopreservethemintheirentirety,sothattheaudiencecanhaveadeeperunderstandingofChineseculture.在平衡歸化與異化策略時(shí)，譯者需要綜合考慮多種因素。譯者需要考慮到目標(biāo)語(yǔ)觀眾的文化背景和認(rèn)知能力，以確保他們能夠理解和接受影片。譯者還需要考慮到影片的主題和風(fēng)格，以確保字幕翻譯能夠與影片的整體風(fēng)格相協(xié)調(diào)。譯者還需要考慮到文化交流的目的，以促進(jìn)不同文化之間的相互理解和交流。Whenbalancingdomesticationandforeignizationstrategies,translatorsneedtoconsidermultiplefactorscomprehensively.Translatorsneedtoconsidertheculturalbackgroundandcognitiveabilitiesofthetargetlanguageaudiencetoensurethattheycanunderstandandacceptthefilm.Thetranslatoralsoneedstoconsiderthethemeandstyleofthefilmtoensurethatthesubtitletranslationcanbecoordinatedwiththeoverallstyleofthefilm.Translatorsalsoneedtoconsiderthepurposeofculturalexchangetopromotemutualunderstandingandexchangebetweendifferentcultures.在電影《姜子牙》的字幕翻譯中，歸化與異化策略的運(yùn)用是相輔相成的。通過(guò)平衡這兩種策略，譯者既能夠確保觀眾能夠理解和接受影片，又能夠保留原語(yǔ)文化的特色和魅力。這種平衡和選擇的過(guò)程體現(xiàn)了譯者的智慧和創(chuàng)造力，也為跨文化交流提供了有益的借鑒和啟示。Inthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya",theuseofdomesticationandforeignizationstrategiescomplementeachother.Bybalancingthesetwostrategies,translatorscanensurethattheaudiencecanunderstandandacceptthefilmwhilepreservingthecharacteristicsandcharmoftheoriginallanguageculture.Thisbalanceandselectionprocessreflectsthetranslator'swisdomandcreativity,andalsoprovidesusefulreferenceandinspirationforcross-culturalcommunication.六、結(jié)論Conclusion通過(guò)對(duì)電影《姜子牙》字幕翻譯中文化負(fù)載詞的歸化與異化策略的深入探討，我們可以看出，歸化與異化作為翻譯過(guò)程中兩種重要的處理策略，在處理具有濃厚文化特色的詞匯時(shí)起到了關(guān)鍵作用。在全球化日益盛行的今天，如何讓具有中國(guó)特色的文化負(fù)載詞在跨文化交流中保持其原有的文化韻味，同時(shí)又能被目標(biāo)語(yǔ)讀者所理解和接受，是翻譯工作者需要面對(duì)的重要課題。Throughanin-depthexplorationofthedomesticationandforeignizationstrategiesofculturalloadedwordsinthesubtitletranslationofthemovie"JiangZiya",wecanseethatdomesticationandforeignization,astwoimportantprocessingstrategiesinthetranslationprocess,playacrucialroleindealingwithvocabularywithstrongculturalcharacteristics.Intoday'sincreasinglyglobalizedworld,howtomaintaintheoriginalculturalcharmofculturallyloadedwordswithChinesecharacteristicsincross-culturalcommunicationwhilebeingunderstoodandacceptedbytargetlanguagereadersisanimportantissuethattranslatorsneedtoface.電影