新教材英語(yǔ)選擇性課時(shí)作業(yè)（一）Unit1GrowingupSectionⅠStartingoutUnderstandingideas

課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)Unit1SectionⅠStartingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.閱讀理解AInventor,physicist,astronomer,biologist,artist...RobertHookewasalltheseandmore.Somesayhewasthegreatestexperimentalscientistofthe17thcentury.Inthecourseofhiswork,hecooperatedwithfamousmenofsciencelikeIsaacNewton,andthegreatarchitectChristopherWren.Hooke'searlyeducationbeganathome,undertheguidanceofhisfather.HeenteredWestminsterSchoolandfromtherehewenttoOxford,wherehecameincontactwithsomeofthebestscientistsinEngland.Hookeimpressedthemwithhisskillsatdesigningexperimentsandinventinginstruments.In1662,hewasnamedCuratorofExperimentsatthenewlyformedRoyalSocietyofLondon—meaningthathewasresponsiblefordemonstrating(展示)newexperimentsatthesociety'sweeklymeetings.Hookeacceptedthejob,eventhoughheknewthatthesocietyhadnomoneytopayhim!Watchinglivingthingsthroughamicroscopewasoneofhisfavouritepastimes.Heinventedapoundmicroscopeforthispurpose.Onedaywhileobservingacork(軟木塞)underamicroscope,hesawhoneyb-likestructures.Therewerecells—thesmallestunitsoflife.Infact,itwasHookewhoinventedtheterm“cell”asthebox-likecellsofthecorkremindedhimofthecellsofsomeplace.AnotherachievementofHooke'swashisbookMicrographia,whichintroducedtheenormouspotentialofthemicroscope.Itcontainsfascinatingdrawingsofthethingshesawunderthemicroscope.Thebookalsoincludes,amongotherthings,ideasongravity,lightandbustion(燃燒)thatmayhavehelpedscientistslikeNewtonwhentheyweredevelopingtheirowntheoriesonthesephenomena.Hookemadeavaluablecontributiontoastronomy,too.Acrater(坑)onthemoonisnamedafterhiminhonourofhisservicestothisbranchofscience.1．WhydidHookeacceptthejobasCuratorofExperiments?A．Hewasgoodatdesigningexperiments.B．Hisfamilyneededhissupport.C．HewantedtopleasethefamousscientistsinEngland.D．Hisparentscouldn'taffordhiseducation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pastimes”inParagraph3mean?A．Jobs.B．Experiments.C．Hobbies.D．Structures.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．HookewenttoOxfordin1662.B．HookewaswellpaidintheRoyalSocietyofLondon.C．Hookemadeacontributiontomedicine.D．Hooke'sbookMicrographiamighthavehelpedNewton.4．Whatisthelastparagraphtoprove?A．Hookewasthegreatestexperimentalscientistofthe17thcentury.B．Hookewasgoodatmakingdiscoveries.C．Hooke'scontributionswerenotlimitedtoonefield.D．Hookewasoneofthegreatestastronomers.BParentsoftenputtheirownrelationshiponthebackburnertoconcentrateontheirchildren,butanewstudyshowsthatwhenspouses(配偶)loveeachother,theirchildrenstayinschoollongerandmarrylaterinlife.Researchabouthowtheaffectionbetweenparentsshapestheirchildren'slong-termlifeoutesisrarebecausethedatademandsarehigh.ThisstudyusesuniquedatafromfamiliesinNepaltoprovidenewevidence.Thestudy,co-authoredbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichiganandMcGillUniversityinQuebec,waspublishedinthejournalDemography.“Inthisstudy,weseethatparents'emotionalconnectiontoeachotheraffectschildgrowthsomuchthatitshapestheirchildren'sfuture，”saidco-authorandU-MInstituteforSocialResearchresearcherWilliamAxinn.“ThefactthatwefoundthesekindsofthingsinNepalmovesustostepclosertoevidencethatthesethingsareuniversal.”ThestudyusesdatafromtheChitwanValleyFamilyStudyinNepal.Thesurveywaslaunchedin1995,andcollectedinformationfrom151neighborhoodsintheWesternChitwanValleyTheresearchersthenfollowedthechildrenoftheseparentsfor12yearstodocumenttheireducationandmarital(婚姻的)behavior.Theyfoundthatthechildrenoftheparentswhoreportedtheylovedeachothereither“some”or“verymuch”stayedinschoollongerandmarriedlater.“Familyisn'tjustanotherinstitution.It'snotlikeaschool.Itisthisplacewherewealsohaveemotionsandfeelings，”saidleadauthorSarahBrauner-Otto,directoroftheCentreonPopulationDynamicsatMcGillUniversity.Theresearcherssaythattheirnextimportantquestionwillbetoidentifywhyparentalloveimpactschildreninthisway.5．Whyistheresearchrarelydoneabouttheinfluenceofparents'loveonchildren'slives?A．Becausefewscientistsshowpassion.B．Becausethedataaredemanding.C．Becauseevidenceishardtocollect.D．Becauseparentssometimesdon'ttellthetruth.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“universal”inthethirdParagraphmean?A．Reasonable.B．Scientific.C．Worldwide.D．Acceptable.7．WhatcanbelearnedaboutthestudyfromParagraph4?A．Itstartedinthe19thcentury.B．Itusedinformationfrom151westerncountries.C．Coupleswereinterviewedtogether.D．Couplesneededtomakeanassessmentoftheirclosenessdegree.8．WhichofthefollowingwillSarahBrauner-Ottoagreewith?A．Familyislikeaschool.B．Familyreallymatters.C．Homeisthebestplace.D．Allhappyfamiliesarealike.Ⅱ.完形填空ANewYorkwomanisearningplentyofpraiseonlineaftershewroteamessageofferingtohelpherelderlyneighbors.MaggieConnolly,wholivesinBrooklyn'sCarrollGardensneighborhood,__1__herhandwrittenletter__2__severalgrocerystoresinhermunitywereshortofsupplies,accordingtoFoxNewTheletter,whichis__3__to“elderlyneighborsandthosewithpoorhealth”，includesConnolly'semailaddressandanoffertohelpthose__4__people.Connolly'sneighborrepostedanimageoftheletter,afterwhichitwas__5__byseveralpopularonlineaccounts.Onepostevenearnednearly50,000__6__andhundredsofmentsfromuserswhocalledtheeffort“sweet”and“__7__”．Othersusedthemessageasasourceof__8__，sayingitservedasareminderastohowpeopleshould__9__duringemergencies.ConnollytoldFoxNewsshereceivedplentyofresponsestothe__10__，withpeopleofallagerangesaskingforhelp.She__11__thatshealsogotemailsfromotherpeoplewhowerefollowing__12__intheirownneighborhoods.“Manypeople__13__toothersnotonlyintheneighborhood,butalsoallovertheworld,sendingmepicturesoftheirsignsthatthey'remaking,whichIthinkissohuge，”shesaid.Connollysaidshe's__14__workingwitharound70volunteersinherownneighborhood—amunityshe'shopingtogrowbyworkingwiththeinstitutionInvisibleHands,whichoffersdelivery__15__tothoseinneedthroughoutNewYorkCityandJerseyCity.1．A.postedB．a(chǎn)nnouncedC．deliveredD．posed2．A.beforeB．a(chǎn)fterC．untilD．unless3．A.attachedB．a(chǎn)ppliedC．referredD．written4．A.luckyB．a(chǎn)nxiousC．a(chǎn)mbitiousD．needy5．A.witnessedB．copiedC．sharedD．designed6．A.likesB．thumbsC．flowersD．dollars7．A.puzzlingB．unhelpfulC．a(chǎn)mazingD．boring8．A.explanationB．inspirationC．determinationD．satisfaction9．A.feelB．behaveC．surviveD．cook10．A.billB．noticeC．warningD．letter11．AplainedB．mentedC．a(chǎn)ddedD．predicted12．A.suitB．lawC．routesD．rules13．A.workoutB．reachoutC．turnoutD．makeout14．A.simplyB．possiblyC．instantlyD．currently15．A.aidB．loveC．machineD．medicine課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了英國(guó)偉大的科學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)者羅伯特·胡克的故事。1．答案與解析：A'推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hookeimpressedthemwithhisskillsatdesigningexperimentsandinventinginstruments.In1662,hewasnamedCuratorofExperimentsatthenewlyformedRoyalSocietyofLondon—meaningthathewasresponsiblefordemonstrating(展示)newexperimentsatthesociety'sweeklymeetings.Hookeacceptedthejob,eventhoughheknewthatthesocietyhadnomoneytopayhim”可知，胡克接受實(shí)驗(yàn)館長(zhǎng)一職的原因是他擅長(zhǎng)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選A。2．答案與解析：C'詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...meaningthathewasresponsiblefordemonstrating(展示)newexperimentsatthesociety'sweeklymeetings.Hookeacceptedthejob,eventhoughheknewthatthesocietyhadnomoneytopayhim！”和第三段第二句“Heinventedapoundmicroscopeforthispurpose”可推知，第三段第一句“Watchinglivingthingsthroughamicroscopewasoneofhisfavouritepastimes”的意思是“用顯微鏡觀察生物是他最喜歡的愛(ài)好之一”，所以“pastimes”的意思是“愛(ài)好”。故選C。3．答案與解析：D'推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thebookalsoincludes,amongotherthings,ideasongravity,lightandbustion(燃燒)thatmayhavehelpedscientistslikeNewtonwhentheyweredevelopingtheirowntheoriesonthesephenomena”可推知，胡克的《顯微圖譜》這本書(shū)可能對(duì)牛頓有過(guò)幫助。故選D。4．答案與解析：C'推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hookemadeavaluablecontributiontoastronomy,too.Acrater(坑)onthemoonisnamedafterhiminhonourofhisservicestothisbranchofscience”可知，胡克的貢獻(xiàn)并不局限于一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。故選C。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】一項(xiàng)研究表明，父母之間的感情程度影響孩子的成長(zhǎng)，父母感情好的孩子在校學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)并且結(jié)婚晚。5．答案與解析：B'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第二段中的“Researchabouthowtheaffectionbetweenparentsshapestheirchildren'slong-termlifeoutesisrarebecausethedatademandsarehigh”可知，這類(lèi)研究因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)要求較高而很少。6．答案與解析：C'考查詞義猜測(cè)。由畫(huà)線詞所在句“ThefactthatwefoundthesekindsofthingsinNepalmovesustostepclosertoevidencethatthesethingsareuniversal”可知，研究人員在尼泊爾發(fā)現(xiàn)這些種類(lèi)的情況的事實(shí)促使他們更接近這些情況是普遍存在的證據(jù)。故此處universal與worldwide同義，表示“全世界的，普遍的”。故選C。7．答案與解析：D'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段尤其是“andwereaskedtoassessthelevelofaffectiontheyhadfortheirpartner”可知，夫婦被要求對(duì)自己和對(duì)方之間的親近程度作出評(píng)價(jià)。故D項(xiàng)符合文意。8．答案與解析：B'考查推理判斷。由文章最后一段中的“Familyisn'tjustanotherinstitution.It'snotlikeaschool.Itisthisplacewherewealsohaveemotionsandfeelings”可推知，SarahBrauner-Otto認(rèn)為家庭很重要，故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空【語(yǔ)篇解讀】在社區(qū)食品雜貨店供應(yīng)緊缺時(shí)，MaggieConno