河北省涿州市2023高考英語閱讀理解、短文改錯系列訓(xùn)練七

涿州市2023高考英語閱讀理解、短文改錯系列訓(xùn)練（7）及答案

（第篇）

FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatPhoto51.Itwasn,tmuch-

apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguring

outwhatthephotoreallyshowed一theshapeofDNA.Thediscoverybroughtfame

andfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.The

fourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin."Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,〃says

historianMaryBowden."Ifherphotoshadn,tbeenthere,theotherscouldn,t

havecomeupwiththestructure.,,OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehad

diedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.Butnowscholarsdoubtthat

Franklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyher

competitors.

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandCricktriedtomakemodelsby

cuttingupshapesofDNA,spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,

atKing,sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneXraysatthemolecule

（分子）.Theraysproducedpatternsreflectingtheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin,srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebrated

teamworkofWatsonandCrick.WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.

ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceXraypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatone

oftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.Thatangered

Watson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnot

easilybend.Clearlyshehadtogoorbeputinherplace.,,

AsFranklin,scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycutting

heroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPnina?bir?m.In1962

attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebefore

hementionedFranklin.Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974

that"Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.,,

No,Franklinwasthesolution."Shecontributedmorethananyortherplayer

tosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredacodiscoverer,〃AbirAm

says.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwona

NobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinally

comingintothelight.

［語篇解讀］誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了DNA,僅僅只有JamesWatson,FrancisCrick和MauriceWilkins

嗎？本文作者告訴我們，功績也有ROSaIindFranklin的一份。

1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.

B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.

D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

［解析］主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知FrankIin在DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)中也做出了重要奉獻，

但卻由于某些原因而不為人知。由此答案選B項：她受到了不公正的對待。

［答案］B

2.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetition

B.keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrong

D.sharedherdatawithotherscientists

［解析］邏輯推理題。從第五段前兩句可知，F(xiàn)rankIin直言不諱地指出他們犯的錯誤，

這引起了Watson的不滿。答案選Co

［答案］C

3.WhyisFranklindescribedas"DarkLadyofDNA,,?

A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.

B.ShediscoveredtheblackX—theshapeofDNA.

C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.

D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.

［解析］邏輯推理題。從全文可知，作者認(rèn)為Franklin的奉獻被忽略掉了，她的奉獻

理應(yīng)得到人們的成認(rèn)。所以答案選D。

［答案］D

4.Whatisthewriter,SattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.

C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

［解析］態(tài)度推測題。從全文知，作者肯定了FrankIin的奉獻，對另外三個科學(xué)家的

行為表示“不滿，不贊成〃，所以答案選A。

［答案］A

*******************************************************

A

BobbyMorescogrewupinNewYork,sHel1,sKitchen,atoughworking-class

neighborhoodonManhattan,sWestSide.ButIlell,sKitchenliesrightnextdoor

toBroadway,andthebrightlightsattractedBobbyfromthetimehewasateen.Being

stage-struckwashardlywhatastreetkidcouldadmittohispartners.Fearingtheir

ridicule,hetoldnoone,notevenhisgirlfriend,whenhestartedtakingacting

lessonsatage17.Ifyouwereakidfromtheneighborhood,youbecameacop,

constructionworker,longshoremanorcriminal.Notanactor.

Morescostruggledtomakethatlongwalkafewblockseast.Hestudiedacting,

turnedoutforallthecattlecalls,andduringthedecadeofthe1970smadeatotal

of$2,000.“Iwasn,tagoodactor,butIhadadrivingneedtodosomethingdifferent

withmylife,,,hesays.

HemovedtoHollywood,wherehedroveacabandworkedasabartender（酒保）.

“Myfathersaid,"Stopthiscrazinessandgetajob;youhaveawifeand

daughter.'''ButMorescokeptworkingathischosencraft.

Thenin1983hisyoungerbrotherThomaswasmurderedinamobTinke.dkilling.

Morescomovedbacktohisoldneighborhoodandstartedwritingasawaytoexplore

thepainandthepatrimony（繼承物）ofHel1,sKitchen.Half-DesertedStreets,based

onhisbrother,skilling,openedatasmallOff-Broadwaytheaterin1988.A

Hollywoodproducersawitandaskedhimtoworkonascreenplay.

Hisreputationgrew,andhegotenoughassignmentstomovebacktoHollywood.

By2023,hewasagainoutofworkandoutofcashwhenhegotacallfromPaulHaggis,

adirectorwhohadbefriendedhim.Haggiswantedhelpwritingafilmaboutthecountry

afterSeptember11.Thetwoworkedonthewriting,buteverystudiointownturned

itdown.Theykeptpitchingit.Studioexecutives,however,thoughtnoonewanted

toseeasevere,honestvisionofraceandfearandlivesinColIiSiOn（沖突、碰

撞)inmodernAmerica.

Morescobelievedsostronglyinthescriptthatheborrowedmoney,soldhishouse.

HeandHaggiskeptpushing.Atlastthewritersfoundanindependentfilmproducer

whowouldtakeachance,buttheupfrontmoneywastoolittle,Morescodelayedhis

salary.

CrashslippedintothetheatersinMay2023,andquietlybecamebothahitand

acriticalsuccess.ItwasnominatedforsixAcademyAwardsandwonthree----Best

Picture,BestFilmEditingandBestWriting(OriginalScreenplay)byPaulHaggis

andthekidfromHell,sKitchen.

?tage54,BobbyMorescobecameanovernightsuccess."Ifyouhavesomething

youwanttodoinlife,don,tthinkaboutthePre)bLems,“hesays,αthinkabout

otherwaystogetitdone.〃

10.Rearrangethefollowingstatementsintermoftimeorder:

a.HisworkIIalf-DesertedStreetsdrewattentionasitopenedatasmall

Off-Broadwaytheater.

b.UnexpecterdlyCrashbecamebothahitandahugesuccess.

c.HemovedtoHollywoodtobeataxidriverandawaiter.

d.Hestartedtolearnactinginspiteofhardnesswiththebeliefofdoing

somethingdifferent.

e.HisyoungerbrotherThomaswaskilledinconflictamongbullies.

A.d;c;e;a;bB.d;e;c;b;aC.c;d;e;a;

bD.c;e;d;b;a

11.WhyBobbyMorescodidnottel1anyonethatrhestartedtakinglessonsatage

17?

A.Hewantedtogivehisgirlfriendasurprise.

B.Hisgirlfrienddidnotallowhimtodothis.

C.Hewasafraidofbeinglaughedat.

D.Hehadnotalentforacting.

12.TheStudioexecutivesturnedthescriptCrashdownbecause

?.theythoughtthescriptwouldnotbepopular

B.thescriptwasnotwellwritten]

C.theyhadnomoneytomakethefilmbasedonthescript.

D.theythoughtMorescowasnotfamous.

13.What,sthebesttitleofthepassage?

?.TheRoadtoSuccess]

B.TryItaDifferentWay

C.ATalentedman---Moresco

D.Moresco,SPerseverance

14.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBobbyMoresco?

A.initiative（主動的）andPerSiStent（堅持的）

B.shybuthardworking

C.caringandbrave

D.aggressiveandmodest

參考答案啊ACABA

（2023?綿陽診斷）

Tomisalittleboy,butheisonlysevenyearsold.Onedayhel.

wenttothecinema.Itwasthefirsttimeforhimtodothat.He2.

boughtaticketandthenwentout.Butaftertwoorthreeminutes3.

hecameoutandboughtthesecondticketandwentinagain.Aftera4.

fewminuteshecomesoutagainandboughtathirdticket.Two5.

orthreeminuteslaterhecameoutandaskedanotherticket.6.

Thenthegirlintheticketofficewhoaskedhim,“Whydoyou7.

buysomanyticket?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?〃Tom8.

answered,“No,Ihavenotfriendshere.Butabigboyalways9.

stopsmeatthedoorandtearmytickettopieces.,,10.

答案與解析：

LbUt改為and依據(jù)語境，這里前后句之間是并列關(guān)系而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

2.√

3.OUt改為in依據(jù)語境，男孩買票走進電影院。

4.the改為a下文boughtathirdticket有暗示。序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞，表示“再

一，又一〃O

5.ConIeS改為Came結(jié)合行文邏輯，這里應(yīng)用一般過去時。男孩進去又出來了。

6.asked后加foraskforSth,表示”要求得到...〃。

7.去掉wh。這里不是定語從句，假設(shè)是定語從句，原句缺少主句。

8.ticket改為ticketsSOnIany后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

9.not改為nonot是副詞，不能修飾名詞，應(yīng)改為no。

10.tear改為tears這里stop和tear是并列謂語動詞，要用第三人稱單數(shù)的一般

現(xiàn)在時。

鏈接2（2023江蘇卷）

FranzKafkawrotethat〃abookmustbetheax（斧子）forthefrozenseainside

us.〃Ioncesharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgraders,anditdidn,t

seemtorequireanyexplanation.

We,djustfinishedJohnSteinbeck,snovelOfMiceandMen.Whenwereadthe

endtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketballplayer,wepta

little,andsodidI."Areyoucrying?”onegirlasked,asshegotoutofherchair

totakeacloserlook"Iam,〃Itoldher,“andthefunnythingisΓvereadit

manytimes.

Buttheyunderstood.WhenGeorgeshootsLennie,thetragedyisthatwerealize

itwasalwaysgoingtohappen.Inmy14yearsofteachinginaNewYorkCitypublic

middleschool,Γvetaughtkidswithimprisonedparents,abusiveparents,

irresponsibleparents;kidswhoareparents

themsel??es:kidswhoarehomeless:kidsv/hogrewupinviolentneighborhoods.Theyunderstand,

morethanIeverthenovel'sterriblelogic—thegivingwayOfdrearytofa"時運）.

Forthelastse^*enyears：Ihaveworkedasareadingenrichmentteacher：readingclassicworks

ofliteraturewithsmallgroupsofstudentsfromgradessixtoeight.IoriginallyproperJthisidea

tomyhea±nasterafterlearningtiιataformerexcellentstudentotminehad*r≈1?ferredoutofa

selectivehighschool-onethatoftenattractstheliterary-mindedChiidlIiWfManhattan'supper

classes-intoalesscompetitivesetting.ThedaughterofJmnugrants1v.*ιtlιafatherinprison：she

perhapsfeltImccmfortablewithhernewclassmates.Ithoughtade?ienal'cul,UaIcapital'vθuld

helpstudentslikeherdevelopbetterinhighschool：wheretheywoiildImavoidablymeetperhaps

,

forthefirsttime：studentswhoCanIefromhomeslinedwithbe..shelves:-ιioseParL店had

earnedPh.D.,s.

AlongwithOfMiceandMen,mygroupsread:Sounder,TheRedPony,LordoftheFlies,

RomeoandJulietandMacbeth.Thestudentsdidn,talwaysreadfromtheexpectedpoint

ofview.AboutTheRedPony,onestudentsaid,〃it'saboutbeingaman,it,sabout

manliness.〃IhadneverbeforeseentheparallelsbetweenScarfaceandMacbeth,

norhadIheardLadyMacbeth,ssoliloquies（獨白）readasraps（說唱）,butbothmade

sense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.OnceintroducedtoSteinbeck,s

writing,oneboywentontoreadTheGrapesofWrathandtoldmerepeatedIyhowamazing

itwasthat,'allthesepeoplehateeachother,andthey,reallwhite.〃Hishistorical

vie,wwasbroadening,hissenseofhisowncountrydeepening.Yearafteryearformer

StlIdentsvisitedandtoldmehowpreparedtheyhadfeltintheirfirstyearincollege

asaresultoftheclasses.

Yearafteryear,however,weareincreasingthenumberofpracticetests.Weare

tryingtoteachstudentstoreadincreasinglycomplextexts,notforemotionalpunch

（碰撞）butfortextcomplexity.Yet,wecannotenrich（充實）themindsofourstudents

bytestingthemontextsthatignoretheirhearts.Weareteachingthemthatwords

dono.amazebutconfuse.Wemavsucceedinraisingtestscores,butwewillfail

toteachthatreadingcanbetransformativeandthatitbelongstothem.

66.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto

A.realizeourdreamsB.givesupporttoourlife,

C.smoothawaydifficultiesD.awakeouremolions

67.WhywerethestudentsabletounderstandthenovelOfMiceandMen?

Λ.Becausetheyspentmuchtimereadingit.

B.Becausetheyhadreadthenovelbefore

C.Becausetheycamefromapublicschool.,

D.rBecausetheyhadsimilarlifeexperiences.

68.Thegirllefttheselectivehighschoolpossiblybecause.

A.shewasaliterary-mindedgirlB.herparentswereimmigrants

C.shecouldn,tfitinwithherclassD.herfatherwastheninprison

69.Totheauthor*ssurprise,thestudentsreadthenovels.

A.creativelyB.passiveLyC.repeatedlyD.carelessly

70.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto______.

A.introduceclassicworksofliterature

B.advocateteachingliteraturetotouchtheheart

C.argueforequalityamonghighschoolstudents

D.defendthecurrenttestingsystem

【考點】日常生活類一夾斜夾議

【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要介紹作者講述在自己教學(xué)生涯中教學(xué)生文學(xué)閱讀

的感受.

66.【答案】D

【試題解析】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題.這句話運用了明喻和暗喻的表達手法，一本書就是能融化我內(nèi)

冰凍著的內(nèi)心的一把斧子，這是表面意思，即指一本書能夠喚醒我們內(nèi)心深處的情感，引

起共鳴之意.故選D項.

【難度】一般

67【答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一二句"ButtheyUnderStC.工WhenCtorgeshoe,.

Lemue1thetragedyisthatwerealizeitwasa?、YaySgoingtchappeι?？芍珼項正確。

【難度】一般

6S.【答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句"Thedaughterofimmigrants,withafather

inprison,sheperhapsfe,ltuncomfortablewithhernewclassmates^可知C項正確。

【難度】一般

69.【答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第四句"Ihaveneverbeforeseentheparallels

betweenScarfaceandMacbeth,nor「hadIheardLadyMacbeth,ssoliloquiesreadas

raps,butbothmadesense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.,,可推

斷作者對孩子閱讀小說的創(chuàng)造力感到驚訝，字里行間流露出自豪，故A項正確。

【難度】一般

70.【答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。難度較大?？v觀全文，主要介紹了作者講述在自己教學(xué)生涯中，

教學(xué)生文學(xué)閱讀的感受，可以美化他們的心靈，故B項正確。

【難度】較難

【長難句解析】

1.Whenwereadthe,endtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketball

player,weptalittle,andsodidI.

When引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，后面是S