新概念二冊語法及練習

新概念二冊語法精粹

一、一般現(xiàn)在時：

1．構成：使用動詞原形，第三人稱單數須有變化。

〔1〕直接加“s”，

works，takes

〔2〕以輔音加“y”結尾，變“y”為“i”，再加“es”,

carry→carries

〔3〕以“o,s,x,ch,sh”結尾的動詞加“es”,

goes

dresses

watches

brushes

2．功能：

〔1〕表現(xiàn)在的事實、狀態(tài)或動作：

eg:Birdsfly.

Shelovesmusic.

Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.

〔2〕表習慣性動作或職業(yè)，常與often，sometimes，usually，always，everyweek，seldom，occasionally，frequently等時間副詞連用。

eg:

Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.

Shewritestomeveryoften.

Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.

〔3〕表客觀真理，格言警句或事實：

Theearthmovesroundthesun.

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

Twoandtwomakesfour.

Nomanbuterrs.人非圣賢，熟能無過。

〔4〕表將來：

A．在由when，after,before，as，assoonas，although，because，if，evenif，incase，till，until，unless，solongas,where,whatever，wherever等引導的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來發(fā)生的動作。

〔黃金重點，所有考試都不放過它！〕

例如：

I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.

Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.

Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.〔不錯的句型，背下??！〕

I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.〔很感人的句型！〕

B．按時間表示將要發(fā)生的動作或事件，用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來時概念。

Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.

Whendoestheplanetakeoff?

Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.

Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.

〔按照時刻表，開往上海的特快列車早上7點出發(fā)?！?/p>

測試精編

1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.

A.have/have

B.has/has

C.have/has

D.has/have

2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?

A.is/is

B.is/does

C.does/does

D.does/is

3.-________youthinkhewillcome?-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.

A.Do/rains

B.Are/rains

C.Do/willrain

D.Are/willrain

4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.A.do/move

B.do/moves

C.does/moves

D.did/moved

5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema

A.are/goes

B.is/goes

C.are/go

D.is/go

二、現(xiàn)在進行時：is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞

1．表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。如

Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?

Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight〔體重增加〕。

Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.

2．表現(xiàn)階段正進行的動作。

Heistakingphysicsthissemester〔本學期〕。

Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.

3．go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于進行時態(tài)時表示即將開始的動作。

Look!Thebusiscoming.看！車來了！

Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.

AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.

4．與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用，表示說話人帶有感*彩：贊賞或厭惡。

Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.〔他總是想著別人?！?/p>

Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.〔這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲。〕

Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.〔老師一直在批評她遲到?！?/p>

5．下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進行時。believe〔相信〕，doubt〔疑心〕，see〔看見〕，hear〔聽見〕，know〔知道〕，understand〔理解〕，belong〔屬于〕，think〔認為〕，consider〔認為〕，feel〔覺得〕，look〔看起來〕，seem〔看上去〕，show〔顯示〕，mind〔介意〕，have〔有〕，sound〔聽起來〕，taste〔嘗起來〕，require〔要求〕，possess〔擁有〕，care〔關心〕，like〔喜歡〕，hate〔討厭〕，love〔喜愛〕，detest〔憎恨〕，desire〔意欲〕

【簡單記憶】：

●永遠不要說I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再簡單一點說，這些動詞后面不要隨意加-ing.

●可怕的是：我們在寫作及口語中常犯此類大錯！

●注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進行時，因為這里have意為“舉行”；think意為“考慮”。

測試精編：

1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?

A.listening/hearing

B.hear/listening

C.belistening/heard

D.behearing/listeningto

2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.

A.willfinish

B.isfinishing

C.hadfinished

D.finishes

3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost〔職位〕________intheoffice.〔此題超前〕

A.arebeinginterviewed

B.areinterviewing

C.interviewing

D.tobeinterviewing

4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.

A.iswishing

B.hasbeenwishing

C.wishes

D.hasbeenwished

5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.

A.stillsleeps

B.isstillsleeping

C.stillhasbeensleeping

D.willbesleepingstill新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔三〕新概念英語第二冊語法精粹〔三〕一般過去時。

1．表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。

Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.

IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.

Chinawasfoundedin1949.

2．在表示時間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時。〔參〕

Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.

Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.

Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.

3．一般過去時，現(xiàn)在時和過去時的幾組差異：〔別以為這很簡單，下面的差異你不一定明白?！?/p>

●Herbrotherwasachemist.〔已去世〕

●Herbrotherisachemist.〔尚健在〕

●That'sallIhadtosay.〔話已說完〕

●That'sallIhavetosay.〔言之未盡〕

●Itwassonicetoseeyou.〔離別時用〕

●Itissonicetoseeyou.〔見面時用〕

●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.〔已是當天下午或晚上〕

●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.〔仍是上午〕［本句現(xiàn)在完成時，此乃后話?。?/p>

測試精編I：〔用所給動詞的正確進態(tài)填空〕。

1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.

2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.

3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.

4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.

5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.

測試精編II：

1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.

A.continued

B.didn'tcontinue

C.hadn'tcontinued

D.wouldcontinue

2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.〔without在這里表條件，你知道嗎？〕

A.woulddie

B.willdie

C.wouldbedead

D.wouldhavedied

3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.

A.moved

B.hasmoved

C.willmove

D.moves

4.Whenallthosepresent〔到場者〕________hebeganhislecture.〔重點題〕

A.sit

B.set

C.seated

D.wereseated

5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.

A.have

B.wouldhave

C.had

D.hadhad新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔四〕

新概念二冊語法精粹四．過去進行時：were/was+現(xiàn)在分詞

1．表示過去某一時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作。

Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.

WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.

Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.

2．用于條件狀語從句中表示過去將來進行的動作。

Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.

IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.

3．過去某時將發(fā)生的事?？蓞⒖肌?〔4〕

TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.

HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.

測試精編：

1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.

A.fell/wasriding

B.feel/wereriding

C.hadfallen/rode

D.hadfallen/wasriding

2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.

A.broke/played

B.wasbreaking/wasplaying

C.broke/wasplaying

D.wasbreaking/played

3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.

A.wascorning

B.iscoming

C.willcome

D.comes

4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.

A.come

B.wascoming

C.hadbeencoming

D.hadcome

5.Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.

A.hadbeenworking

B.hasbeenworking

C.wasworking

D.worked新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔五〕新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔五〕

現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+過去分詞

1．表示過去所發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產生的結果。常與yet，just，before，recently，lately〔最近〕，ever，never等表時間的副詞搭配使用。

●Hehasn'tseenherlately.

●Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.

2．表示一個從過去某個時間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動作，常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。如：sofar〔迄今為止〕，uptillnow〔直到現(xiàn)在〕，since,foralongtime〔很長時間〕，uptopresent〔直到現(xiàn)在〕，inthepast/inthelastfewyears〔在過去的幾年里〕，thesedays〔目前〕……

Hehasworkedherefor15years.

IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.

TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.

Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.

3．某些非延續(xù)性動詞〔即：動作開始便終止的動詞〕，在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與表示一段時間狀語搭配。

黃金要點：

I．常見的非延續(xù)動詞：die,arrive〔到達〕，join〔參加〕，leave〔離開〕，go,refuse〔拒絕〕，fail〔失敗〕，finish，buy，marry，divorce〔離婚〕，awake〔醒〕，buy，borrow，lend...〔背三遍！〕

II．這類動詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時，而是不能接常由for引導的時間狀語。

III．但假設是用在否認句中，非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。

●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.〔誤〕

●Shehasbeenawayforamonth〔正〕

●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.〔誤〕

●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.〔正〕

●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?〔誤〕

●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.〔正〕

4．注意since的用法：

Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.

Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.

Hehasbeenheresince1980.

Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.

5．幾組比照：

HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。

HehasbeentoShanghai.他去過上海。

Shehasgone.她已走了。

Sheisgone.她缺席了?！瞣r她死了?！?/p>

Thedoorhasbeenclosed.門關上了?！矂幼鳌?/p>

Thedoorisclosed.門是關著的?！矤顟B(tài)〕

測試精編：

1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.

A.keep

B.kept

C.havekept

D.arekeeping

2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.

A.is

B.willbe

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen

3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.

A.havejustmarriedwith

B.wasjustmarriedto

C.hasjustbeenmarriedto

D.justhasbeenmarriedto

4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.

A.hadn't

B.haven't

C.haven'thad

D.hadn'thad

5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.

A.found

B.hasfound

C.finds

D.hadfound新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔六〕新概念二冊語法精粹第六章英語句型根本結構

精要：五種根本句型

1．主+謂〔不及物動詞〕

Mancanthink.Thefireisburning.

不可無視：常用不及物動詞有break,

breathe,

burn,

smoke,

swim,

skate,

appear,

disappear,

work,thinketc.

2．主+謂+表語〔系動詞〕

Hebecameascientist.

Sheisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.

不可無視：常用系動詞：be,

get,

turn,

feel,

seem,

appear,

looktaste,

sound,

smell,

become,go,

proveetc.

3．主+謂+賓〔及物動詞〕

Welovepeace.

Theywillpaintthedoor.

常用動詞有：see,

watch,

need,

love,

like,

study,

answer,

carry,

etc.

4．主+謂+賓+賓補

Weelectedhimpresident.

Theypaintedthedoorwhite.

Iadvisedthestudentstorecitethetexts.

王牌重點：常用作賓補的形式：〔請將每個例句大聲朗讀一遍〕

〔1〕名詞：

ThecouplenamedtheirbabyJohnson.

〔2〕形容詞：

Ikeepthedooropen.

〔3〕副詞：

Thenaughtyboyknockedthebottleover.

〔4〕不定式：

Heorderedhismentofire.

〔5〕分詞：

Heheardmesinging.

Isawthevasebroken.

〔6〕介詞短語：

Theylookonhimasateacher.

〔7〕名詞性從句：

Iaskedhimwhathewasdoing.

5．〔1〕主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語

Myfriendboughtmeagift.

Ipassedhimthebook.

〔2〕主+謂+直賓+介詞+間賓

Myfriendboughtagiftforme.

Ipassedthebooktohim.

忘記就意味著背叛→

常與介詞for搭配的動詞有：

buy,

make,

doget,

play,

call,

choose,

cook,

fetch,

find,

keeporder,save,

etc.

常與介詞to搭配的動詞有：

bring,

give,

grant,

hand,

pass,

lend,

offer,

pay,

promise,

sell,

send,

show,

each,

tell,

throw,write,etc.新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔七〕七．過去完成時：had+過去分詞

1．表示過去某個動作或某個具體時間之前已經發(fā)生、完成的動作?！斑^去的過去”。

●TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.

●TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.

2．過去完成時常用于hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than等固定句型結構中。〔此乃超級重點句型，意為：“一……就”〕

●Shehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang.

●Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystationthanhemetherparents.

〔注意nosooner在句首時句型倒裝?！?/p>

3．intend〔打算〕，mean〔意味〕，hope〔希望〕，want〔想要〕，plan〔方案〕等動詞的過去完成時用來表示本打算做而沒有做的事。

●Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.

〔……原想昨天去看你……〕

●Theyhadplanedtoholdafootballmatchlastweek,buttheyhadtocancelitbecausethebadweather.

〔……原方案上周舉行一場足球賽……〕

測試精編：

1.-Let'shurry!Thepresidentiscoming.-Oh,Iwasafraidthatwe________.

A.alreadymisshim

B.hadalreadymissedhim

C.willmisshimalready

D.havealreadymissedhim

2.YourlettercamejustasI________myoffice.

A.wasleaving

B.wouldleave

C.hadleft

D.left

3.I________mykeys,Ican'trememberwhereIlastsawthem.

A.waslosing

B.lost

C.hadlost

D.havelost

4.Nobodyknewwheretheteacher________.

A.hasgone

B.wouldhavegone

C.hadgone

D.wouldbegone

5.Thesportsmen________trainingfor3hourswhenthecoachtoldthemtobreakoffforrest.

A.havebeen

B.are

C.hadbeen

D.were新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔八〕新概念二冊語法精粹八．一般將來時：shall/will+動詞

八．一般將來時：shall/will+動詞原形

1．表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

●Hewillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.

●Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.

2．將來時的其它結構：〔務必背下！〕

I.begoingtodosomething.打算做某事?！裁绹谡Z中常讀作begonna〕

●I'mgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.

[begoingto與will的比照：以下情況須用will]

●I'llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.

●Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow.

●Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.

II.be+todosth.表示方案安排做某事或用來征求意見。

●AmItotakeoverhiswork?

●Wearetomeetatthegate.

III.beabouttodosth.即將做某事。

●Thetalkisabouttobegin.

3．重點補充：

beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事

setouttodosth.著手做某事

setaboutdoingsth.開始做某事

測試精編：

1.-"Themeetingisscheduledtobeginat7o'clock."

-"But________adelay."

A.itwillbe

B.there'dbe

C.therewillbe

D.thereis

2.He'llleaveforParisbeforeyou________nextweek.

A.willcomeback

B.willbeback

C.comeback

D.cameback

3.Ournextmeeting________on1stDecember.

A.hasbeenheld

B.willhold

C.istobeheld

D.isholding

4.Where________awill,thereisaway.

A.therewillhave

B.hasbeenthere

C.thereis

D.therehasbeen

5.It________beWednesdaytomorrow.

A.isgoingto

B.will

C.isaboutto

D.isto新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔九〕一、過去將來時的構成：

過去將來時的謂語為：would/should+動詞原形〔would通用于所有人稱，should只用于第一人稱；should和would可縮寫為“’d”；shouldnot和wouldnot的縮寫形式分別為shouldn't和wouldn't?！?/p>

二、過去將來時的用法：

1．表示從過去某個時刻看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。

●Hesaidthattheywouldmeetmeatthestation.

ItoldherIshould〔或would〕returnthebookinafewdays.

Mr.Smithtoldmethathe'dbegintowritethebooksoon.

測試精編：

1.Ontelevisionlastnightthenewscasterannouncedthattheleader________onSaturday.

A.isarriving

B.willarrive

C.wouldbearrived

D.wouldarrive

2.Hetoldusthathewouldbeginthedictationwhenwe________ready.

A.willbe

B.wouldbe

C.were

D.are

3.Myaunt________toseeus,shewouldbeheresoon.

A.iscorning

B.wascoming

C.came

D.hadcame

4.Theywouldbegivenanewhouseifmore________thenextyear.

A.willbebuilt

B.wouldbebuilt

C.arebuilt

D.werebuilt新概念英語第二冊語法精粹及練習〔十〕

一．過去完成進行時的構成為：hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞

Ihadbeenherewaitingfor30minutesbeforehearrived.他到之前，我已等了30分鐘了。

二.過去完成進行時的用法

表示動作從過去某一時間之前開始，到過去某一時間仍在進行或剛剛結束；同過去完成時一樣，過去完成進行時必須以某一特定過去時間為前提。同現(xiàn)在完成時相似，過去完成進行時也強調動作的持續(xù)性。如：

HehadbeenlivingherebeforehewenttoEngland.

Ihadbeenwaitingintheroomforhalfanhourbeforeshecalledmein.

在她喊我進去之前，我已經在房間里等了半個小時●ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.

比擬：

Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy.

Thegirlhadbeenclear