農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解基于VBNTPB的實(shí)證分析

農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解基于VBNTPB的實(shí)證分析一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在深入探究農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解，基于價值-信念-規(guī)范-理論（Value-Belief-NormTheory,VBNTPB）進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析?；首鳛楝F(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的重要投入品，對于提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量具有顯著作用，然而，其過量使用也帶來了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題，如土壤污染、水源污染等。因此，研究農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向及其影響因素，對于推動農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具有重要意義。Thisarticleaimstoexploretheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andconductempiricalanalysisbasedonValueBeliefNormTheory(VBNTPB).Fertilizer,asanimportantinputinmodernagriculture,playsasignificantroleinincreasingcropyield.However,itsexcessiveusehasalsobroughtseriousenvironmentalproblems,suchassoilpollutionandwatersourcepollution.Therefore,studyingtheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersanditsinfluencingfactorsisofgreatsignificanceforpromotinggreenagriculturaldevelopmentandecologicalcivilizationconstruction.本文首先梳理了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于化肥減量施用意向的研究現(xiàn)狀，發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管已有研究取得了一定成果，但仍存在諸多不足，如對農(nóng)戶個體特征、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境等因素的考慮不夠全面，對化肥減量施用意向的形成機(jī)制和影響因素的深入分析不夠等。因此，本文試圖在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上，引入價值-信念-規(guī)范-理論，構(gòu)建一個更為全面的分析框架。Thisarticlefirstreviewsthecurrentresearchstatusontheintentionofreducingfertilizerapplicationbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Itisfoundthatalthoughsomeresearchhasachievedcertainresults,therearestillmanyshortcomings,suchasinsufficientconsiderationofindividualcharacteristicsoffarmers,socio-economicenvironment,andin-depthanalysisoftheformationmechanismandinfluencingfactorsoftheintentionofreducingfertilizerapplication.Therefore,thisarticleattemptstointroducevaluebeliefnormtheorybasedonexistingresearchandconstructamorecomprehensiveanalyticalframework.在理論框架構(gòu)建方面，本文將從價值、信念、規(guī)范三個層面出發(fā)，深入分析化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其作用機(jī)制。價值層面主要關(guān)注農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的認(rèn)知價值，包括環(huán)境意識、健康意識等；信念層面則重點(diǎn)分析農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用效果的信念，包括技術(shù)可行性、經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性等；規(guī)范層面則強(qiáng)調(diào)社會規(guī)范對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響，包括政府政策、社會輿論等。Intermsoftheoreticalframeworkconstruction,thisarticlewillanalyzeindepththeinfluencingfactorsandmechanismsoftheintentiontoreducefertilizerapplicationfromthreelevels:value,belief,andnorm.Thevalueaspectmainlyfocusesonthecognitivevalueoffarmersinreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers,includingenvironmentalawareness,healthawareness,etc;Onthebelieflevel,thefocusisonanalyzingthebeliefsoffarmersabouttheeffectivenessofreducingfertilizerapplication,includingtechnicalfeasibility,economicfeasibility,etc;Atthenormativelevel,emphasisisplacedontheimpactofsocialnormsontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,includinggovernmentpoliciesandpublicopinion.在實(shí)證分析方面，本文將采用問卷調(diào)查等方法收集數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，以揭示化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解。本文還將結(jié)合具體案例，對理論分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和補(bǔ)充。Intermsofempiricalanalysis,thisarticlewillusemethodssuchasquestionnairesurveystocollectdata,andusestatisticalmethodssuchasstructuralequationmodelingtoanalyzethedata,inordertorevealtheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoftheintentiontoreducefertilizerapplication.Thisarticlewillalsocombinespecificcasestoverifyandsupplementthetheoreticalanalysisresults.通過本文的研究，我們期望能夠更深入地理解農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其作用機(jī)制，為制定更為有效的農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展政策提供理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。本文也期望能夠?yàn)橄嚓P(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究提供新的視角和方法，推動學(xué)術(shù)研究的深入發(fā)展。Throughtheresearchinthisarticle,wehopetogainadeeperunderstandingoftheinfluencingfactorsandmechanismsoffarmers'intentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforformulatingmoreeffectiveagriculturalgreendevelopmentpolicies.Thisarticlealsohopestoprovidenewperspectivesandmethodsforresearchinrelatedfields,andpromotethein-depthdevelopmentofacademicresearch.二、文獻(xiàn)綜述Literaturereview化肥作為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的重要投入品，在提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量、改善土壤質(zhì)量等方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。然而，過量使用化肥不僅會增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本，而且可能引發(fā)土壤污染、水源污染等環(huán)境問題。因此，農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用成為當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要議題。為了深入理解農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)，本文基于價值-信念-規(guī)范理論（VBNTPB）進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。Fertilizer,asanimportantinputinmodernagriculture,playsacrucialroleinincreasingagriculturalproductyieldandimprovingsoilquality.However,excessiveuseoffertilizersnotonlyincreasesagriculturalproductioncosts,butmayalsoleadtoenvironmentalproblemssuchassoilpollutionandwatersourcepollution.Therefore,reducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersbyfarmershasbecomeanimportantissueforsustainableagriculturaldevelopment.Inordertogainadeeperunderstandingoftheinfluencingfactorsandeffectsoffarmers'intentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,thisarticleconductsempiricalanalysisbasedontheValueBeliefNormTheory(VBNTPB).國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于農(nóng)戶化肥施用行為及其影響因素進(jìn)行了廣泛研究。早期研究主要集中在化肥施用對作物產(chǎn)量和土壤質(zhì)量的影響上，隨著研究的深入，學(xué)者們開始關(guān)注農(nóng)戶化肥施用決策的影響因素。其中，經(jīng)濟(jì)因素如化肥價格、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格等被認(rèn)為是影響農(nóng)戶化肥施用決策的重要因素。社會心理因素如農(nóng)戶環(huán)保意識、社會規(guī)范等也被證實(shí)對農(nóng)戶化肥施用行為具有顯著影響。Domesticandforeignscholarshaveconductedextensiveresearchonthebehaviorandinfluencingfactorsoffertilizerapplicationbyfarmers.Earlyresearchmainlyfocusedontheimpactoffertilizerapplicationoncropyieldandsoilquality.Withthedeepeningofresearch,scholarsbegantopayattentiontotheinfluencingfactorsoffertilizerapplicationdecisionsbyfarmers.Amongthem,economicfactorssuchasfertilizerpricesandagriculturalproductpricesareconsideredimportantfactorsthataffectfarmers'decisionsonfertilizerapplication.Socialpsychologicalfactorssuchasenvironmentalawarenessandsocialnormsamongfarmershavealsobeenproventohaveasignificantimpactontheirfertilizerapplicationbehavior.近年來，價值-信念-規(guī)范理論（VBNTPB）在環(huán)境行為研究中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。該理論認(rèn)為，個體的環(huán)境行為受到其內(nèi)在價值觀、環(huán)境信念和社會規(guī)范的共同影響。在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，VBNTPB理論也被用于解釋農(nóng)戶化肥施用行為。例如，一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的價值認(rèn)知、信念和社會規(guī)范認(rèn)知與其化肥施用行為之間存在顯著關(guān)系。Inrecentyears,theValueBeliefNormTheory(VBNTPB)hasbeenwidelyappliedinenvironmentalbehaviorresearch.Thistheorysuggeststhatanindividual'senvironmentalbehaviorisinfluencedbytheirinternalvalues,environmentalbeliefs,andsocialnorms.Inthefieldofagriculture,theVBNTPBtheoryisalsousedtoexplainthefertilizerapplicationbehavioroffarmers.Forexample,somestudieshavefoundasignificantrelationshipbetweenthevalueperception,beliefs,andsocialnormsofreducedfertilizerapplicationamongfarmersandtheirfertilizerapplicationbehavior.然而，現(xiàn)有研究仍存在一些不足。對于農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向影響因素的研究仍不夠全面，缺乏系統(tǒng)的理論框架。研究方法上多采用定性分析或簡單的定量分析，缺乏深入的實(shí)證分析。因此，本文基于VBNTPB理論，通過實(shí)證分析的方法，旨在全面探討農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解，為制定有效的農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境政策提供理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。However,therearestillsomeshortcomingsinexistingresearch.Theresearchontheinfluencingfactorsoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplicationisstillnotcomprehensiveenoughandlacksasystematictheoreticalframework.Researchmethodsoftenusequalitativeorsimplequantitativeanalysis,lackingin-depthempiricalanalysis.Therefore,basedontheVBNTPBtheory,thisarticleaimstocomprehensivelyexploretheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersthroughempiricalanalysis,providingtheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforformulatingeffectiveagriculturalenvironmentalpolicies.本文在文獻(xiàn)綜述的基礎(chǔ)上，明確了研究問題和方法，旨在為深入理解農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解提供新的視角和思路。本文也期望通過實(shí)證分析為相關(guān)政策制定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，推動農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。Onthebasisofliteraturereview,thisarticleclarifiestheresearchquestionsandmethods,aimingtoprovideanewperspectiveandapproachforadeeperunderstandingofthefactorsinfluencingtheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersandtheireffectdecomposition.Thisarticlealsohopestoprovidescientificbasisforrelevantpolicyformulationthroughempiricalanalysisandpromotesustainableagriculturaldevelopment.三、理論框架與研究假設(shè)Theoreticalframeworkandresearchhypotheses在探究農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解的過程中，我們基于價值-信念-規(guī)范-理論-感知行為（VBNTPB）模型構(gòu)建了一個理論框架。VBNTPB模型是一個綜合性的理論框架，它整合了心理學(xué)、社會學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等多個學(xué)科的理論，用于解釋和預(yù)測個體的行為決策過程。該模型強(qiáng)調(diào)了價值觀、信念、規(guī)范、理論和感知行為在決策過程中的重要作用。Intheprocessofexploringtheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication,weconstructedatheoreticalframeworkbasedontheValueBeliefNormTheoryPerceivedBehavior(VBNTPB)model.TheVBNTPBmodelisacomprehensivetheoreticalframeworkthatintegratestheoriesfrommultipledisciplinessuchaspsychology,sociology,andeconomicstoexplainandpredictindividualdecision-makingprocesses.Thismodelemphasizestheimportantroleofvalues,beliefs,norms,theories,andperceivedbehaviorsinthedecision-makingprocess.價值觀是個體對事物重要性的評價，它影響著個體的行為選擇和決策。在化肥減量施用方面，農(nóng)戶的價值觀可能包括對環(huán)境保護(hù)的重視程度、對農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的認(rèn)識等。這些價值觀將直接影響農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的態(tài)度和意向。Valuesareanindividual'sevaluationoftheimportanceofthings,whichaffectstheirbehavioralchoicesanddecision-making.Intermsofreducingtheapplicationofchemicalfertilizers,thevaluesoffarmersmayincludethedegreeofimportancetheyattachtoenvironmentalprotectionandtheirunderstandingofsustainableagriculturaldevelopment.Thesevalueswilldirectlyaffecttheattitudeandintentionoffarmerstowardsreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers.信念是個體對特定行為結(jié)果的主觀預(yù)期。在化肥減量施用方面，農(nóng)戶的信念可能包括對化肥減量施用效果的認(rèn)知、對化肥使用風(fēng)險的感知等。這些信念將影響農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的信心和期望。Beliefisanindividual'ssubjectiveexpectationofaspecificbehavioraloutcome.Intermsofreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers,thebeliefsoffarmersmayincludetheirunderstandingoftheeffectivenessofreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersandtheirperceptionoftherisksassociatedwiththeiruse.Thesebeliefswillaffectfarmers'confidenceandexpectationsinreducingfertilizerapplication.再次，規(guī)范是個體在社會交往中形成的行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行為準(zhǔn)則。在化肥減量施用方面，農(nóng)戶可能受到來自政府、社會組織和鄰里等方面的規(guī)范影響，這些規(guī)范將引導(dǎo)農(nóng)戶采取符合社會期望的行為。Again,normsarethebehavioralstandardsandguidelinesformedbyindividualsinsocialinteractions.Intermsofreducingfertilizerapplication,farmersmaybeinfluencedbyregulationsfromthegovernment,socialorganizations,andneighbors,whichwillguidethemtoadoptbehaviorsthatmeetsocialexpectations.理論是個體對事物本質(zhì)和規(guī)律的認(rèn)識和理解。在化肥減量施用方面，農(nóng)戶可能通過學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐積累相關(guān)知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，形成對化肥減量施用效果的理性認(rèn)識。這些理論知識將影響農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的決策和行動。Theoryisanindividual'sunderstandingandcomprehensionoftheessenceandlawsofthings.Intermsofreducingfertilizerapplication,farmersmayaccumulaterelevantknowledgeandexperiencethroughlearningandpractice,formingarationalunderstandingoftheeffectivenessofreducingfertilizerapplication.Thesetheoreticalknowledgewillinfluencefarmers'decisionsandactionsonreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers.感知行為是個體對自身行為能力和行為后果的感知。在化肥減量施用方面，農(nóng)戶的感知行為可能包括對化肥減量施用技術(shù)的掌握程度、對化肥減量施用可能帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境效益的感知等。這些感知將影響農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的實(shí)際行動力。Perceivedbehaviorisanindividual'sperceptionoftheirownbehavioralabilitiesandconsequences.Intermsofreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers,theperceivedbehavioroffarmersmayincludetheirmasteryofthetechnologyforreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andtheirperceptionoftheeconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsthatreduceduseofchemicalfertilizersmaybring.Theseperceptionswillaffecttheactualactionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.假設(shè)1：農(nóng)戶的價值觀對其化肥減量施用意向具有顯著影響，環(huán)保意識強(qiáng)的農(nóng)戶更傾向于減少化肥施用。Assumption1:Thevaluesoffarmershaveasignificantimpactontheirintentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andfarmerswithstrongenvironmentalawarenessaremoreinclinedtoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.假設(shè)2：農(nóng)戶的信念對其化肥減量施用意向具有顯著影響，對化肥減量施用效果持積極信念的農(nóng)戶更傾向于采取減量施用行為。Assumption2:Thebeliefsoffarmershaveasignificantimpactontheirintentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andfarmerswhoholdapositivebeliefintheeffectivenessofreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersaremoreinclinedtoadoptreducedusebehavior.假設(shè)3：社會規(guī)范對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向具有顯著影響，受到政府和社會組織等規(guī)范引導(dǎo)的農(nóng)戶更可能采取化肥減量施用行為。Assumption3:Socialnormshaveasignificantimpactontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andfarmersguidedbynormssuchasgovernmentandsocialorganizationsaremorelikelytoadoptthebehaviorofreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers.假設(shè)4：農(nóng)戶的理論知識對其化肥減量施用意向具有顯著影響，掌握化肥減量施用相關(guān)知識的農(nóng)戶更可能采取減量施用行為。Assumption4:Thetheoreticalknowledgeoffarmershasasignificantimpactontheirintentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andfarmerswhohaveknowledgeaboutreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersaremorelikelytoadoptreducingapplicationbehavior.假設(shè)5：農(nóng)戶的感知行為對其化肥減量施用意向具有顯著影響，對化肥減量施用技術(shù)掌握程度高的農(nóng)戶更可能實(shí)際采取減量施用行為。Assumption5:Theperceivedbehavioroffarmershasasignificantimpactontheirintentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andfarmerswithahighlevelofmasteryofchemicalfertilizerreductionapplicationtechnologyaremorelikelytoactuallyadoptreductionapplicationbehavior.為了驗(yàn)證這些假設(shè)，我們將采用實(shí)證分析方法，收集農(nóng)戶的化肥施用數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)影響因素信息，運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，以揭示各因素對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響程度和效應(yīng)分解。這將為制定有效的化肥減量施用政策和措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。Toverifythesehypotheses,wewilluseempiricalanalysismethodstocollectfertilizerapplicationdataandrelatedinfluencingfactorinformationfromfarmers.Statisticalsoftwarewillbeusedfordataanalysistorevealthedegreeofinfluenceandeffectdecompositionofeachfactoronfarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication.Thiswillprovidescientificbasisforformulatingeffectivepoliciesandmeasuresforreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizers.四、研究方法與數(shù)據(jù)來源Researchmethodsanddatasources本研究采用基于計(jì)劃行為理論（TheoryofPlannedBehavior,TPB）的擴(kuò)展模型——價值-信念-規(guī)范-感知行為控制理論（Value-Belief-Norm-PerceivedBehavioralControl,VBNTPB）作為理論框架，以分析農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解。該模型在TPB的基礎(chǔ)上，增加了價值觀和規(guī)范的考量，更全面地解釋了農(nóng)戶的決策過程。ThisstudyadoptstheValueBeliefNormPerceivedBehaviorControl(VBNTPB)theory,anextendedmodelbasedontheTheoryofPlannedBehavior(TPB),asthetheoreticalframeworktoanalyzetheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizeruse.OnthebasisofTPB,thismodeladdsconsiderationsofvaluesandnorms,providingamorecomprehensiveexplanationofthedecision-makingprocessoffarmers.研究方法上，本研究采用定性與定量相結(jié)合的研究方法。通過文獻(xiàn)回顧和半結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談的方式，收集農(nóng)戶對化肥減量施用的認(rèn)知、態(tài)度、價值觀、規(guī)范以及感知行為控制等方面的信息。然后，基于這些信息，構(gòu)建VBNTPB理論模型，并提出相應(yīng)的研究假設(shè)。Intermsofresearchmethods,thisstudyadoptsacombinationofqualitativeandquantitativeresearchmethods.Throughliteraturereviewandsemi-structuredinterviews,collectinformationonfarmers'cognition,attitudes,values,norms,andperceivedbehavioralcontrolregardingreducedfertilizerapplication.Then,basedonthisinformation,constructaVBNTPBtheoreticalmodelandproposecorrespondingresearchhypotheses.在數(shù)據(jù)收集方面，本研究選擇了位于我國不同農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)區(qū)的多個代表性農(nóng)戶作為調(diào)查對象，采用問卷調(diào)查的方式收集數(shù)據(jù)。問卷設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)VBNTPB理論模型，包含了農(nóng)戶的化肥施用情況、價值觀、信念、規(guī)范、感知行為控制等多個方面的內(nèi)容。Intermsofdatacollection,thisstudyselectedmultiplerepresentativefarmerslocatedindifferentagriculturalecologicalzonesinChinaassurveysubjectsandcollecteddatathroughquestionnairesurveys.ThequestionnairedesignisbasedontheVBNTPBtheoreticalmodel,whichincludesmultipleaspectssuchasthefertilizerapplicationsituation,values,beliefs,norms,andperceivedbehavioralcontroloffarmers.數(shù)據(jù)分析上，本研究采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型（StructuralEquationModeling,SEM）進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。SEM能夠同時處理多個因變量，并考慮變量間的相互作用，非常適合于本研究中對多個影響因素的綜合分析。通過SEM分析，本研究將揭示各影響因素對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的直接和間接效應(yīng)，并對模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和修正。Intermsofdataanalysis,thisstudyusedStructuralEquationModeling(SEM)forempiricalanalysis.SEMcansimultaneouslyhandlemultipledependentvariablesandconsidertheinteractionsbetweenvariables,makingitverysuitableforthecomprehensiveanalysisofmultipleinfluencingfactorsinthisstudy.ThroughSEManalysis,thisstudywillrevealthedirectandindirecteffectsofvariousinfluencingfactorsonfarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication,andvalidateandrevisethemodel.本研究的數(shù)據(jù)來源主要包括問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果和相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料。問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)將用于實(shí)證分析，以驗(yàn)證和修正VBNTPB理論模型；文獻(xiàn)資料則用于構(gòu)建理論框架和研究假設(shè)的提出。通過綜合運(yùn)用定性與定量研究方法，本研究旨在全面深入地分析農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解，為制定有效的農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境政策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。Thedatasourcesforthisstudymainlyincludequestionnairesurveyresultsandrelevantliteraturematerials.ThequestionnairesurveydatawillbeusedforempiricalanalysistoverifyandrevisetheVBNTPBtheoreticalmodel;Literaturematerialsareusedtoconstructtheoreticalframeworksandproposeresearchhypotheses.Throughthecomprehensiveapplicationofqualitativeandquantitativeresearchmethods,thisstudyaimstocomprehensivelyanddeeplyanalyzetheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,andprovidescientificbasisforformulatingeffectiveagriculturalenvironmentalpolicies.五、實(shí)證分析Empiricalanalysis為了深入探究農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解，本文基于VBNTPB（ValueBeliefNormsTheoryofPlannedBehavior）框架進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。通過問卷調(diào)查的方式，對多個地區(qū)的農(nóng)戶進(jìn)行了廣泛的樣本調(diào)查，收集了大量的第一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。在數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析過程中，我們采用了描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)、因子分析和結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等多種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法，以確保研究結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。Inordertodeeplyexploretheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication,thispaperconductsempiricalanalysisbasedontheVBNTPB(ValueBeliefNormsTheoryofPlannedBehavior)framework.Throughaquestionnairesurvey,extensivesamplesurveyswereconductedonfarmersfrommultipleregions,andalargeamountoffirst-handdatawascollected.Intheprocessofdataprocessingandanalysis,weadoptedvariousstatisticalmethodssuchasdescriptivestatistics,factoranalysis,andstructuralequationmodelingtoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityoftheresearchresults.在實(shí)證分析過程中，我們首先通過描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)對農(nóng)戶的化肥施用情況進(jìn)行了初步分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶在化肥施用上存在較大的差異，減量施用的意愿程度也不盡相同。接著，我們運(yùn)用因子分析對VBNTPB框架中的各個變量進(jìn)行了降維處理，提取出了影響農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的關(guān)鍵因素。這些因素包括農(nóng)戶對化肥減量的價值認(rèn)知、行為信念、規(guī)范信念以及控制信念等。Intheempiricalanalysisprocess,wefirstconductedapreliminaryanalysisofthefertilizerapplicationsituationoffarmersthroughdescriptivestatistics,andfoundthattherearesignificantdifferencesinfertilizerapplicationamongfarmers,andthewillingnesstoreducetheamountofapplicationisalsonotthesame.Next,weusedfactoranalysistoreducethedimensionalityofvariousvariablesintheVBNTPBframeworkandextractedkeyfactorsthataffectfarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication.Thesefactorsincludethevalueperception,behavioralbeliefs,normativebeliefs,andcontrolbeliefsoffarmerstowardsfertilizerreduction.通過結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的分析，我們進(jìn)一步探討了這些因素之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)和影響路徑。研究結(jié)果表明，價值認(rèn)知對農(nóng)戶的化肥減量施用意向具有顯著的正面影響，而行為信念和規(guī)范信念則通過影響農(nóng)戶的行為態(tài)度間接作用于其減量施用意向?？刂菩拍顚r(nóng)戶的化肥減量施用意向也具有一定的直接影響。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為我們進(jìn)一步理解農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解提供了有力的證據(jù)。Throughtheanalysisofstructuralequationmodeling,wefurtherexploredtheinherentcorrelationsandinfluencingpathwaysamongthesefactors.Theresearchresultsindicatethatvaluecognitionhasasignificantpositiveimpactontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseoffertilizers,whilebehavioralbeliefsandnormativebeliefsindirectlyaffecttheirintentiontoreducetheuseoffertilizersbyinfluencingtheirbehavioralattitudes.Controlbeliefsalsohaveadirectimpactontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.Thesefindingsprovidestrongevidenceforustofurtherunderstandtheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication.在效應(yīng)分解方面，我們通過對比不同因素對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的貢獻(xiàn)程度，發(fā)現(xiàn)價值認(rèn)知在影響農(nóng)戶減量施用意向方面起著最為重要的作用。我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)戶在化肥減量施用意向影響因素上存在一定的差異，這可能與當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境、政策引導(dǎo)以及農(nóng)戶自身特征等因素有關(guān)。Intermsofeffectdecomposition,wefoundthatvaluecognitionplaysthemostimportantroleininfluencingfarmers'intentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersbycomparingthecontributionofdifferentfactorstotheirintentiontodoso.Wealsofoundthattherearecertaindifferencesintheinfluencingfactorsoffertilizerreductionintentionamongfarmersindifferentregions,whichmayberelatedtolocalagriculturalproductionenvironment,policyguidance,andthecharacteristicsoffarmersthemselves.本文基于VBNTPB框架的實(shí)證分析結(jié)果顯示，農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向受到多種因素的影響，其中價值認(rèn)知是最為關(guān)鍵的因素之一。為了促進(jìn)農(nóng)戶積極采取化肥減量施用行為，我們需要從提高農(nóng)戶對化肥減量的價值認(rèn)知入手，同時加強(qiáng)行為信念和規(guī)范信念的引導(dǎo)，以及改善控制信念的相關(guān)條件。針對不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)戶特點(diǎn)，制定差異化的政策措施和宣傳策略也是非常重要的。通過綜合施策、多管齊下，我們有望推動農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用行為的廣泛實(shí)施，為農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。TheempiricalanalysisresultsbasedontheVBNTPBframeworkinthisarticleshowthattheintentionoffarmerstoreducefertilizerapplicationisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,amongwhichvaluecognitionisoneofthemostcriticalfactors.Inordertopromotefarmerstoactivelyadoptthebehaviorofreducingfertilizerapplication,weneedtostartwithimprovingtheirawarenessofthevalueoffertilizerreduction,whilestrengtheningtheguidanceofbehavioralandnormativebeliefs,aswellasimprovingtherelevantconditionsofcontrolbeliefs.Itisalsoveryimportanttodevelopdifferentiatedpolicymeasuresandpromotionalstrategiesbasedonthecharacteristicsoffarmersindifferentregions.Throughcomprehensivepolicyimplementationandmultiprongedapproach,weareexpectedtopromotethewidespreadimplementationofreducedfertilizerapplicationbyfarmers,makingpositivecontributionstosustainableagriculturaldevelopmentandecologicalenvironmentprotection.六、討論與啟示Discussionandinspiration本文基于VBNTPB模型，深入探討了農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)分解。通過實(shí)證分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶的個人特征、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、社會心理因素以及外部環(huán)境因素均對化肥減量施用意向產(chǎn)生顯著影響。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為制定更加精準(zhǔn)有效的化肥減量政策提供了理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。ThisarticleisbasedontheVBNTPBmodelanddelvesintotheinfluencingfactorsandeffectdecompositionoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizerapplication.Throughempiricalanalysis,wefoundthatthepersonalcharacteristics,economicfactors,socialpsychologicalfactors,andexternalenvironmentalfactorsoffarmershaveasignificantimpactontheirintentiontoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.Thisdiscoveryprovidestheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforformulatingmorepreciseandeffectivefertilizerreductionpolicies.農(nóng)戶的個人特征如年齡、受教育程度等對化肥減量施用意向的影響不容忽視。年輕、受過良好教育的農(nóng)戶更傾向于采用環(huán)保農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)，這表明提升農(nóng)戶的教育水平和培養(yǎng)新一代農(nóng)民對于化肥減量具有積極意義。因此，政府應(yīng)加大農(nóng)業(yè)教育投入，提高農(nóng)民的科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)，推動化肥減量技術(shù)的普及和應(yīng)用。Theimpactofpersonalcharacteristicsoffarmers,suchasageandeducationlevel,ontheintentiontoreducefertilizerapplicationcannotbeignored.Youngandwell-educatedfarmersaremoreinclinedtoadoptenvironmentallyfriendlyagriculturaltechnologies,indicatingthatimprovingtheeducationleveloffarmersandcultivatinganewgenerationoffarmershasapositiveimpactonreducingfertilizerproduction.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentinagriculturaleducation,improvethescientificandculturalliteracyoffarmers,andpromotethepopularizationandapplicationoffertilizerreductiontechnology.經(jīng)濟(jì)因素如化肥價格、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格等對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響顯著。降低化肥價格、提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格有助于激發(fā)農(nóng)戶化肥減量的積極性。政府可以通過給予化肥減量技術(shù)補(bǔ)貼、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格支持等措施，降低農(nóng)戶化肥減量成本，提高化肥減量收益，從而增強(qiáng)農(nóng)戶化肥減量的動力。Economicfactorssuchasfertilizerpricesandagriculturalproductpriceshaveasignificantimpactontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.Loweringfertilizerpricesandincreasingagriculturalproductpricescanhelpstimulatefarmers'enthusiasmforreducingfertilizerproduction.Thegovernmentcanreducethecostoffertilizerreductionforfarmers,increasethebenefitsoffertilizerreduction,andenhancethemotivationoffarmerstoreducefertilizerbyprovidingsubsidiesforfertilizerreductiontechnologyandpricesupportforagriculturalproducts.再次，社會心理因素如環(huán)保意識、從眾心理等對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響也不容忽視。提高農(nóng)戶的環(huán)保意識，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)戶樹立綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展觀念，有助于推動化肥減量工作的深入開展。同時，政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對化肥減量技術(shù)的宣傳推廣，提高農(nóng)戶對化肥減量技術(shù)的認(rèn)知度和信任度，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)戶積極參與化肥減量行動。Onceagain,theinfluenceofsocialpsychologicalfactorssuchasenvironmentalawarenessandconformitypsychologyontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizerscannotbeignored.Improvingtheenvironmentalawarenessoffarmersandguidingthemtoestablishagreenagriculturaldevelopmentconceptcanhelppromotethedeepeningoffertilizerreductionwork.Atthesametime,thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthepublicityandpromotionoffertilizerreductiontechnology,improvetheawarenessandtrustoffarmersinfertilizerreductiontechnology,andguidefarmerstoactivelyparticipateinfertilizerreductionactions.外部環(huán)境因素如政府政策、農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)等也對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向產(chǎn)生重要影響。政府應(yīng)制定科學(xué)合理的化肥減量政策，加強(qiáng)政策宣傳和落實(shí)力度，確保政策真正惠及農(nóng)戶。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，為農(nóng)戶提供化肥減量技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo)，幫助農(nóng)戶解決化肥減量過程中遇到的技術(shù)難題。Externalenvironmentalfactorssuchasgovernmentpoliciesandagriculturaltechnologyservicesalsohaveasignificantimpactontheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.Thegovernmentshouldformulatescientificandreasonablefertilizerreductionpolicies,strengthenpolicypromotionandimplementationefforts,andensurethatthepoliciestrulybenefitfarmers.Strengthentheconstructionofagriculturaltechnologyservicesystem,providetrainingandguidanceonfertilizerreductiontechnologyforfarmers,andhelpthemsolvetechnicalproblemsencounteredintheprocessoffertilizerreduction.推動農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用需要綜合考慮多種因素，包括個人特征、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、社會心理因素以及外部環(huán)境因素等。政府應(yīng)制定全面、系統(tǒng)的化肥減量政策，加強(qiáng)政策宣傳、技術(shù)支持和資金投入，推動農(nóng)戶積極參與化肥減量行動，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展。農(nóng)戶也應(yīng)提高自身科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)，樹立綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展觀念，積極參與化肥減量工作，為農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。Promotingthereductionoffertilizerapplicationbyfarmersrequirescomprehensiveconsiderationofvariousfactors,includingpersonalcharacteristics,economicfactors,socialpsychologicalfactors,andexternalenvironmentalfactors.Thegovernmentshouldformulatecomprehensiveandsystematicfertilizerreductionpolicies,strengthenpolicypromotion,technicalsupport,andfinancialinvestment,promoteactiveparticipationoffarmersinfertilizerreductionactions,andachievegreenandsustainabledevelopmentofagriculture.Farmersshouldalsoimprovetheirscientificandculturalliteracy,establishaconceptofgreenagriculturaldevelopment,activelyparticipateinfertilizerreductionwork,andcontributetotheprotectionofagriculturalecologicalenvironmentandsustainabledevelopment.七、結(jié)論Conclusion本研究基于價值-信念-規(guī)范-意圖-行為（VBNTPB）理論框架，對農(nóng)戶化肥減量施用意向的影響因素及其效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了深入的實(shí)證分析。研究結(jié)果顯示，農(nóng)戶的化肥減量施用意向受到多種因素的影響，這些因素可以歸納為價值認(rèn)知、個人信念、社會規(guī)范以及行為意圖四個層面。ThisstudyisbasedontheValueBeliefNormIntentBehavior(VBNTPB)theoreticalframeworkandconductsin-depthempiricalanalysisontheinfluencingfactorsandeffectsoffarmers'intentiontoreducefertilizeruse.Theresearchresultsshowthattheintentionoffarmerstoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,whichcanbesummarizedintofourlevels:valuecognition,perso