新概念三第13課講義

Lesson13“It’sonlyme”O(jiān)bjective: Reviewtheusageof“must”,“haveto”,“oughtto”,“need”.LetterWritingTheEnglishTrainingCentre, TheContinuingEducation Guang Guang theP.R.C. April15th,2007DearMary, Introduction Purpose Conclusion Yours, DanaPS:IWarmupDoyouthinkthesepicturesarebeautiful?Aretheyfrightening?Whatkindofpartymaythisbe? (Thefancy-dressparty.)Whatkindoffestivalmayitbe? (TheHalloween.October31,celebratedintheUnitedStates,Canada,andtheBritishIslesbychildrengoingdoortodoorwhilewearingcostumesandbeggingtreatsandplayingpranks.諸圣日前夕，萬圣節(jié)前夕10月31日，在美國、加拿大以及英倫諸島的孩子們穿著化裝服走家串戶接受款待并且做些惡作劇以慶祝這個節(jié)日)IINewwords&Expressionscostume服裝式樣；化裝用服裝；戲裝 eg.academiccostume學位服 actorsinpolicemen'scostumes穿著警服的演員 costumeball化裝舞會 costumedesigner(影劇)服裝設計員 costumeplay古裝戲 nationalcostume民族服裝uniform制服；軍服 eg.schooluniform校服 policeuniform警服consistvi. (1)Tobemadeuporcomposed由…構(gòu)成，被組成或構(gòu)成： Bodyconsistsofparts. eg.NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs. 紐約市由五個行政區(qū)組成 TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainand NorthernIreland. 聯(lián)合王國包括大不列顛與北愛爾蘭。 Hisjobconsistsofhelpingoldpeoplewholivealone. 他的工作包括幫助無人照顧的獨居老人。 (2)Tohaveabasis;resideorlie在于或存在,有一個根底 Phrase:consistin eg.Thebeautyoftheartist'sstyleconsistsinitssimplicity. 這位藝術(shù)家的風格上的美在于它的簡樸 Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity. 這個方案妙就妙在簡明扼要。 (3)Tobecompatible;accord調(diào)和的；符合： Phrase:consistwith eg.Theinformationconsistswithheraccount. 這消息與她的描述是一致的 Theoryshouldconsistwithpractice. 理論應與實踐相一致。comprisev. (1)Toconsistof;becomposedof;Toinclude;contain由…構(gòu)成；由…組成;包含,包括(fml) eg.Thecommitteecomprisesfivepersons. 該委員會由五人組成。 Theunioncomprises50states. 聯(lián)邦由50個州組成 Thehousecomprisestenrooms. 這所房子包括10個房間。 (2)Tocompose;constitute組成；構(gòu)成(infml) eg.50statescomprisetheUnion. 50個州組成聯(lián)邦。 TwentychapterscompriseBookOne. 第一卷有二十章。 >Bodyiscomprisedofparts.由…構(gòu)成；由…組成(infml) eg.Theunioniscomprisedof50states. 聯(lián)邦由50個州組成。composevt.Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constituteorform(由各局部)組成,構(gòu)成,形成 Partscomposebody.>Bodyiscomposedofparts. eg.England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandof 英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士構(gòu)成大不列顛島。 Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixed withwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構(gòu)成。 Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen. 水是由氫和氧組成的。 constitutevt.Tobetheelementsorpartsof;compose構(gòu)成(…的局部或成分)；組成 Partsconstitutebody.>Bodyisconstitutedofparts. eg.Sevendaysconstituteaweek. 七天構(gòu)成一個星期。 Twelvemonthsconstituteayear. 十二個月構(gòu)成一年。 England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandconstitute theUnitedkingdom. TheUnitedkingdomisconstitutedofEngland,Wales, Scotland,andNorthernIreland . 英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成聯(lián)合王國。 Correctgrammarandsentencestructuredonotin themselvesconstitutegoodwriting. 正確的語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)本身并不能構(gòu)成一篇好文章。effectiveadj.(usuofthings,sometimesofpeople)Havinganintendedorexpectedeffect;Operative;ineffect〔多指物，偶爾指人〕有效的,具有預期或先見效果的;有效的實施中；生效的 eg.Thelawiseffectiveimmediately.這項法律立即生效。 aneffectivemethod有效方法 takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施 Themedicineisaneffectivecureforaheadache. 這種藥治頭痛有很好的療效。 Afterthegovernmenthadtakensomeeffective measures,pricesbegantoleveloff. 政府采取了一些有效措施后,物價開始穩(wěn)定了。 aneffectiveleader一位得力領(lǐng)導effectualadj.(fml,notusedofpeople)Producingorsufficienttoproduceadesiredeffect;fullyadequate. 〔文，不用于指人〕有效的，能產(chǎn)生或足以產(chǎn)生預定效果的；完全充足的 eg.effectualactionagainstunemployment 反對失業(yè)的有效行動 Takeeffectualaction/measures/steps 采取有效行動/措施/步驟。efficientadj.(ofpeople)abletoworkwell,capable〔指人〕高效的,能勝任的，有能力的 〔espoftools,machines,systems,etc.)exhibitingahighratioofoutputtoinput〔尤指工具、機器、系統(tǒng)等〕有效力的，成效大的，產(chǎn)出與投入比值高的 eg.anefficientsecretary能干的秘書 anefficientmanager稱職的經(jīng)理 efficientmethods經(jīng)濟而有效的方法 Thisnewcopymachineismoreefficientthantheoldone. 這臺新復印機比那臺舊的效率高。flee(fledfled)vt.vi. (1)Torunaway(from),asfromtroubleordanger: (從…)逃跑,從困難或險境中逃跑 eg.Thedriverfledthesceneoftheaccident. 司機從肇事地點逃跑了。 Theenemyfledindisorder.敵人潰逃了。 Theprisonerfledfromtheprisonintothenight. 囚犯從監(jiān)獄逃到茫茫黑夜中。 Thecatfledfromthedog. 貓從狗那里逃走了。 (2)Topassswiftlyaway;vanish飛逝,迅速消失；消亡,消散 eg. Colorfledfromhercheeks. 紅暈從她的雙頰上消失了。escapevt.vi. (1)Tobreakloosefromconfinement;getfree(from);Toavoidcapture,danger,orharm逃走，逃脫監(jiān)禁；得到自由;逃避,逃脫捕獲、危險或傷害 eg.Henarrowlyescapeddeath.他九死一生。 Nothingescapedhisattention. 什么也逃不過他的注意。 Tenprisonershadescaped(fromtheprison). 十個罪犯越獄而逃。 (2)Toissuefromconfinementoranenclosure;leakorseepout 漏出,滲漏或泄露,從限制和環(huán)繞中流出來，(不自覺地〕由…發(fā)出： eg.Gaswasescaping.煤氣漏出來。 Asighescapedmylips.我不禁嘆了口氣。slamvt.vi. (1)bang,Toshutwithforceandloudnoise砰然關(guān)上,用力關(guān)并發(fā)出很大的聲音 eg.Heslammedthedoor.他砰地一下關(guān)上了門。 Thedoorslammed. (2)Toput,throw,orotherwiseforcefullymovesoastoproducealoudnoise猛力投擲，猛力放置為了弄出很大的聲音而放、扔或做其它有力的運動 eg.Heslammedthebookonthedesk. 他呼的一下把書扔到了桌子上。 (3)Tohitorstrikewithgreatforce用力打擊用極大的力打或擊 eg.Thecarslammedintoatruck. 那輛小轎車撞到了一輛卡車上。IIITextStudyExplainthetext:Evenreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.Phrase:makesbdosth>bemadetodosth注意變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后原來不帶to的不定式要加上to eg.Hemadethemworkdayandnight. Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight. Weheardhersingthesong. Shewasheardtosingthesong. Someonesawhimtakethemoney. Hewasseentotakethemoney.Explainthetext:Heasked,lookingmeintheeye.Phrases:looksbintheeye,looksbintheface staresbintheeye,lookdirectlyatsb eg.Noonedaredtolookhimintheeye. Shelookedhimsteadilyintheface. Theteacherstaredthenaughtyboyintheeye. Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshalllookdirectlyatyouraudience.Explainthetext:Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease? Wouldyouminddoingsthplease? Wouldyoukindlydosthplease? wouldyoupleasedosth? Wouldyoubesokindastodosth? Wouldyoubekindenoughtodosth? 請你做……好嗎？Wouldyoumindmydoingsth? WouldyoumindifIdidsth?DoyoumindifIdosth 如果我做……，你介意嗎？eg.Wouldyoumindopeningthedoorformeplease? Wouldyoumindputtingthatbookontheshelfplease? WouldyoumindturningofftheTV? Wouldmindmysmokinghere? Wouldyoumindmycomingtoyoutomorrow? Wouldyoumindmybringingmyboyfriendtoyour party?Explainthetext:Suddenly,IsawtheOfficer’sfacelightup.Phrase:lightup:suddenlylookpleasedandhappy lightlightedlightedorlightlitliteg.TomwilllightupwhenheseesthenewbicyclethatIboughtforhim. Herfacelitupwhensheheardthenews.Explainthetext:HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.(1)Structure:“which”introducesanattributiveclausetomodify“anunpleasantsmell”;insidetheattributiveclause“that”introducesanobjectiveclauseafterverb“convinced”.“which”引導定語從句修飾“anunpleasantsmell”，定語從句中又出現(xiàn)了“that”引導的賓語從句做動詞“convinced”的賓語。Explainthetext:HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.(2)Phrase:sthgreetsb>sbbegreetedbystheg.Iopenedthedoor,andadreadfulmessgreetedme. Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain,abeautifulviewoftheseagreetedus. Iwokeupandwasgreetedbythebirds’song. Icamesuchalongwaytoseehimbutwasonlygreetedbyhisindifference.IVDrills&ExercisesReadthetextafterthetape.Payattentiontothestressandintonationandwheretostop.Trytoaskeachotherthecomprehensionquestionsinpairswithoutlookingatthetext. (P55Summarywriting)RoleplayCharacters:you,yourhusbandandaCustomsOfficerTime:lateintheafternoonYouandyourhusbandreturnfromParisandyouaretakingthreebagsofbaggage.Youneedtohurryupforyouaresupposedtoattendyourbrother’swedding,buttheCustomsOfficerstopsyouwhileyouaregoingthroughtheGreenChannel…KeytoVocabularytroubled:upset,disturbedclearly:obviously,apparentlypacked:putindreadful:terriblecap:top,lidnostrils:noseconvinced:persuaded,madebelieveKeyStructuresPleaseputthefollowingdirectstatementsintoindirectstatements:“I’mcoming,”sheanswered.“Whatareyoudoinguphere,Bill?”thevicarasked.“Doyouwanttocomewithme?”Maryaskedme.“Pleasehelpmewiththebooks,Mary,”theteachersaid.“Tryitanotherway,”mymothersuggested.“Putupyourarms,”thepolicemanorderedthethief.“Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?”theofficeraskedme.“Haveyouanythingtodeclare?”heasked.“It’sastrangemixtureImakemyself,”thewritersaid.“Tryit,”thewritertoldtheofficer.Key:“I’mcoming,”sheanswered.Sheansweredthatshewascoming.“Whatareyoudoinguphere,Bill?”thevicarasked.ThevicaraskedBillwhathewasdoingupthere.“Doyouwanttocomewithme?”Maryaskedme.Maryaskedwhether/ifIwantedtogowithher.“Pleasehelpmewiththebooks,Mary,”theteachersaid.TheteacheraskedMarytohelpherwiththebooks.“Tryitanotherway,”mymothersuggested.MymothersuggestedthatIshouldtryitanotherway.Key:“Putupyourarms,”thepolicemanorderedthethief.Thepolicemanorderedthethieftoputuphisarms.“Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?”theofficeraskedme.Theofficeraskedmetounlockthatsuitcase.“Haveyouanythingtodeclare?”heasked.Heaskedwhether/ifIhadanythingtodeclare.“It’sastrangemixtureImakemyself,”thewritersaid.Thewritersaidthatitwasastrangemixturehemadehimself.