世界銀行-制作和傳播性別概況的指導說明（英）

GuidanceNoteforProducingandDisseminatingGenderFactbooksStrengtheningGenderStatisticsGuidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

FactbooksDecember2023StrengtheningGenderStatisticsThis

guidance

note

was

developed

by

Jessica

Anderson

(lead

author),

Anna

Bonfert,Heather

Moylan,

and

Miriam

Muller

with

contributions

from

Sarah

Bunker,

MaryamGul,

and

Marilia

Magalhaes

under

the

World

Bank

Strengthening

Gender

StatisticsProject,

which

receives

support

from

the

Bill

and

Melinda

Gates

Foundation.

The

teamis

grateful

for

the

valuable

comments

and

contributions

from

the

peer

reviewersMaryam

Gul,

Aly

Sanoh,

and

Divyanshi

Wadhwa.

Ada

Nayihouba

and

Alina

KalleprovidedhelpfulinputsandHonoraMaraeditorialsupport.ContentsGuidance

Note

for

Producing

and2Disseminating

Gender

Factbooks21.

Introduction52.

Motivation

for

producing

gender

factbooks

6Whyreportongenderdata?

6Whygenderfactbooks?

73.

Howto

develop

an

e?ective

gender

factbook9Stage1:Developoperationalplan

11Stage2:Engagestakeholderstoselectthemesandindicators

15Stage3:Compileinformationandidentifykeymessages

19Stage4:Createfactbookvisualsandnarrative24Stage5:Disseminatefactbookandkeymessages314.

Conclusion36AppendixA.

Countrygenderfactbooksinventory37AppendixB.

Availableguidelinesonpresentinggenderstatistics42AppendixC.

Samplegenderfactbookoutlines43AppendixD.Factbookpublicationchecklist45AppendixE.

Exampletemplateofgenderfactbookdisseminationplan

46AppendixF.

Disseminationtoolsandchannels

50AppendixG.

StrengtheningGenderStatisticsResources52References

53BoxesBox1.

What

aregender

data?6Box2.

Increasing

transparency

and

reproducibilityof

gender

data

insights

22FiguresFigure

1.

Five-stage

framework

for

developingand

disseminating

an

e?ective

gender

factbook10Figure

2.

Sample

timeline

for

creating

a

gender

factbook

14Figure

3.

Indicator

availability

categories17Figure

4.

Main

data

presentation

forms

in

gender

factbooks25Figure

5.

Data

visualization

types26Figure

6.

Data

visualizations:

Best

practicesfor

gender

statistics27Figure

7.

Common

functions

of

text

in

a

gender

factbook29Figure

8.

Data

knowledge

products

bytype

of

audience34TablesTable1.

Operational

considerations13TableA.1

Number

of

publicly

accessiblegender

factbooks,

bycountry

income

level37TableA.2.

Complete

list

of

gender

factbooks,

byeconomy

name

38TableE.1.

Sample

gender

factbook

dissemination

plan

for

NSOs

46TableE.2.

Essential

steps

and

contentfor

an

in-country

dissemination

event471.

IntroductionImproving

the

lives

of

women

and

girls

can

unlock

change

for

everyone,

acceleratinga

range

of

positive

development

results.

Data

and

statistics

are

essential

for

smartpolicy

making

that

can

support

gender

equality

and

empowerment.It

is

essentialto

produce

and

disseminate

gender

data

in

order

to

enable

(1)

diagnosis

of

the

sizeand

nature

of

the

disadvantages

experienced

by

women

and

men,

(2)

identi?cationof

the

underlying

causes—and

consequences—of

these

disadvantages,(3)

designofevidence-basedpoliciesandinterventions,

and(4)monitoringofthosepolicies’progresstowardgender-relatedtargets.The

World

Bank’s

Strengthening

Gender

Statistics

(SGS)

project

is

workingwith

national

statistics

o?ces

(NSOs)

in

12

partner

countries

to

improve

theavailability,

quality,

and

use

of

gender

data

within

the

economic

domain.The

SGSapproach

provides

targeted

recommendations

to

each

NSO

on

survey

designand

implementation

as

well

as

indicator

calculation

and

data

analysis.

However,these

e?orts

to

improve

the

collection

of

high-quality

gender

data

are

in

vain

if

thedata

from

NSOs

are

not

disseminated

and

used.To

this

end,

the

SGS

project

alsosupports

the

production

of

gender

abstracts

and

factbooks,

and

it

has

developed

adata

visualization

training

to

provide

NSOs

with

the

tools

for

disseminating

genderstatistics

in

a

more

user-friendly

way

to

audiences

with

varying

levels

of

statisticalknowledge.This

guidance

note

provides

recommendations

for

e?ectively

communicatinggender

statistics

through

gender

factbooks.

A

gender

factbook

is

a

comprehensivepublication

that

disseminates

gender

statistics

through

visuals

and

tablesaccompanied

by

relevant

analysis

and

legal

or

policy

frameworks

that

give

contextto

the

data

presented.

This

guidance

note

is

intended

to

support

NSO

e?orts

toimprove

existing

gender

factbooks

or

to

assist

a

country

in

developing

its

?rstgender

factbook.

Section

2

outlines

the

motivation

for

reporting

on

gender

dataand

creating

a

gender

factbook.

Section

3

provides

guidance

on

producing

anddisseminating

a

gender

factbook,

leveraging

best-practice

examples

from

acomprehensive

review

of

existing

gender

factbooks

and

publications

that

focuson

improving

the

communication

and

dissemination

of

gender

statistics.

Section

4concludes,

and

the

appendixesprovidevaluablesources,

samples,

and

templates.Applying

the

practices

presented

in

this

guidance

note

will

allow

countries

toimprove

their

ability

to

communicate

gender

statistics,

which

serve

as

a

criticalinput

to

designing

and

monitoring

policies

to

improve

development

opportunitiesforall.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks52.

Motivation

for

producing

genderfactbooksWhyreporton

genderdata?Overthepastdecade,

policymakers

andinternationalagencieshaveincreasinglyrecognized

the

importance

of

timely,high-quality

gender

data

for

advancing

genderequality

and

empowerment

(see

box

1

for

de?nitions

related

to

gender

data).Theadvent

of

the

Sustainable

Development

Goals

(SDGs)

has

led

to

an

increasedfocus

on

sex

disaggregation

of

a

core

set

of

development

indicators.

This

focusis

reiterated

in

several

international

commitments

like

the

Beijing

Platform

forAction’s

strategic

objective

to

“generate

and

disseminate

gender-disaggregateddata

and

information

for

planning

and

evaluation”

and

the

Convention

onthe

Elimination

of

All

Forms

of

Discrimination

against

Women’s

call

for

sex-disaggregated

data

across

all

sectors

(UN

CEDAW

2010;

UN

Women

2005).Theseinternational

commitments,initiatives,and

platforms

have

propelled

gender

datatotheforefrontofthedevelopmentagenda.Box1.

What

aregender

data?Genderstatisticsarede?nedasthesumofthefollowingcharacteristics:???Dataarecollected

and

presented

bysexasaprimaryandoverallclassi?cation.Datare?ect

gender

issues.Data

are

based

on

concepts

and

de?nitions

that

adequately

re?ect

the

diversity

ofwomen

and

men

andcaptureallaspectsoftheirlives.?Data

collection

methods

consider

stereotypes

and

social

and

cultural

factorsthatmayinducegenderbiasinthedata.Source:UNSD2016.Reliable

gender

data

provide

an

evidence

base

for

creating

policies

andinterventions

that

reduce

inequalities

and

enhance

development

for

all.

High-quality

gender

statistics

o?er

a

detailed

picture

of

the

experiences

and

outcomesof

women,

men,

girls,

and

boys.

Policy

makers

can

use

this

evidence

to

designmore

e?ective

interventions

to

close

gender

gaps

and

advance

empowermentacross

sectors.

Consistent

reporting

of

gender

statistics

is

also

the

basis

forassessingtheimpactsofongoingpoliciesandprogramsandmonitoringprogresstoward

gender

equality

throughout

the

years.

As

such,

NSOs

play

a

prominentGuidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks6role

incountries’socialandeconomicdevelopmentbynotonlycollectingbutalsodisseminatingreliablegenderstatistics.Reporting

on

internationally

agreed

gender

statistics

also

enables

countriesto

benchmark

their

progress

against

that

of

peers

and

to

monitor

gender

gaps

ona

global

or

regional

scale.

The

SDG

monitoring

framework

includes

50

gender-related

indicators,

combining

indicators

for

SDG

5

(Gender

equality)

and

indicatorsfor

other

goals

that

either

are

gender-speci?c

or

require

sex

disaggregation.

Onaverage

across

these

indicators,

however,

only

a

third

of

countries

have

at

leastone

data

point

between

2016

and

2020

(Beegle

et

al.

2023).

Increasing

genderdata

availability

for

SDG

indicators

and

similar

frameworks

can

strengthen

policymakers’

understanding

of

regional

and

global

dynamics

in

gender

equality

andempowerment,

anditmayhighlightopportunitiesforcoordinationandknowledgesharing.Why

gender

factbooks?E?ective

data

communication

is

not

going

the

extra

mile

but

is

rather

a

fundamentalstep

in

the

data

production

cycle.

To

be

useful,

data

need

to

be

interpreted;

toinform

policy

discussions

and

public

opinion,

data

need

to

be

made

accessible

andrelevant

to

nonstatistician

audiences.A

common

strategy

toward

achieving

this

endis

to

develop

publications

that

translate

complex

data

into

easily

comprehendedinsightsthroughcompellingvisualsandintuitiveanalysis.A

gender

factbook

can

serve

as

a

?agshipgenderdataknowledgeproduct.A

gender

factbook

can

serve

as

a

?agship

gender

data

knowledge

productthat

communicates

insights

and

analysis

across

a

range

of

topics.

The

?exibleformat

of

a

factbook

can

deliver

data

insights

in

accessible

visual

presentationsalongside

the

context

and

analysis

needed

for

readers

to

understand

and

applythe

insights.Factbooks

can

also

convey

further

detail

for

interested

audiences

byincludingmethodologicalnotesandmorein-depthdataintheappendixes.By

itself,

however,

a

factbook

is

not

a

gender

data

communication

strategy:

itis

recommended

that

NSOs

de?ne

an

institutional

commitment

to

making

genderdata

insights

available

on

a

regular

basis.

Every

survey

report

should

integrateGuidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks7gender

data

insights

within

its

scope,

and

smaller-scale

knowledge

productscan

communicate

targeted

insights

and

analysis

between

survey

releases.

Theprocesses,principles,and

tools

discussed

in

this

guidance

note

can

often

be

appliedto

communicate

gender

data

insights

e?ectively

in

these

other

contexts

as

well

asin

a

factbook.

To

maintain

the

most

important

insights

in

a

central

publication,countries

may

want

to

release

an

updated

version

of

the

gender

factbook

each

yearwithchangestore?ectnewlyavailabledataandkeycontextualdevelopments.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks83.

How

to

develop

an

e?ectivegender

factbookThis

section

presents

a

?ve-stage

framework

for

developing

and

disseminatingan

e?ective

gender

factbook.It

distills

recommendations

and

best

practices

froma

review

of

country

gender

factbooks

and

guidelines

for

communicating

genderstatistics,

with

the

aim

of

assisting

NSOs

to

adapt

best

practices

and

lessonslearned

to

national

contexts.

Although

most

recommendations

presented

hereare

considered

best

practice

for

data

visualization

and

dissemination

e?ortsbroadly,

some

considerations

are

particularly

relevant

for

gender

statistics.

Figure1

summarizes

the

?ve

stages

of

the

framework,

and

the

following

subsectionsdiscussthestagesinfurtherdetail.Appendix

A

provides

a

comprehensivelist

of

gender

factbooks

that

are

availableonline

as

of

November

1,

2023,

andsummarizes

main

?ndings

from

thisfactbook

inventory.

Appendix

B

highlightskey

resources

available

to

communicategenderstatistics.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks9Figure

1.

Five-stage

framework

for

developing

and

disseminating

an

e?ectivegender

factbookStage

1:DevelopoperationalplanIdentifykeystakeholderstoengageDe?nebudget,

team,

andtimelineStage

2:EngagestakeholderstoselectthemesandindicatorsIdentifypotentialindicatorsDecideonfactbookthemesDecideontypeofdataMapdataavailabilityFinalizelistofindicatorsStage

3:CompileinformationandidentifykeymessagesGatherinformationonlegalandpolicycontextCompileselectedindicatorsanddocumentationAnalyzedataandidentifykeymessagesStage

4:CreatefactbookvisualsandnarrativeUsetexttoTailor

layouttocontentandaudiencecontextualize,explain,

andannotatedatainsightsReviewfactbookbeforepublicationPresentdatainsightsvisuallyStage

5:ProduceDevelopdisseminationandcommunicationplansupplementarymaterialstohelpcommunicatekeymessagesDisseminatefactbookandkeymessagesOrganizefactbooklauncheventSource:Original?gureforthisguidancenote.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks10Stage2:EngagestakeholderstoselectthemesandindicatorsStage3:CompileinformationandidentifykeymessagesStage5:DisseminatefactbookandkeymessagesStage4:CreatefactbookvisualsandnarrativeStage1:DevelopoperationalplanStage1:Develop

operationalplan1.1

Identifykeystakeholders

to

engage.Many

key

stakeholders

will

represent

target

audiences

or

data

users

of

the

factbook.They

could

include

politicians

and

policy

makers,

civil

society

organizations,media

representatives,

academic

institutions,

and

the

general

public.

Engagingrepresentatives

of

these

audiences

in

the

process

of

developing

the

factbook

canmakeitmorelikelythatthepublicationwillprovideinformationthatisinterestingandusefultoitsreaders,

andinwaysthattheyunderstandandcaneasilyapply.Consider

designating

sectoral

gender

focal

points

to

engage

line

ministriesin

the

development

of

the

factbook.

Sectoral

gender

focal

points

will

have

valuableinsight

into

which

gender

questions

are

most

relevant

to

current

policy

issues.They

may

also

be

able

to

contribute

to

the

legal,

institutional,

and

thematic

contextnecessary

for

complementing

the

statistics

presented

in

the

factbook.

In

addition,they

can

provide

invaluable

assistance

in

the

compilation

and

calculation

ofgender

statistics

from

administrative

data

held

within

their

respective

ministriesor

government

agencies.

Sectoral

focal

points

will

often

represent

primaryconsumers

of

the

factbook’s

insights.Including

them

in

the

development

processallows

them

to

provide

input

re?ecting

their

needs

as

data

users.

It

also

buildsownership

of

the

data

collection

and

dissemination

process

and

may

increaseuptakeofthefactbook’sdatainsights.Plan

consultations

throughout

the

factbook

development

process

toengage

the

input

of

stakeholders

who

are

not

part

of

the

core

production

team.The

factbook

production

team

will

need

to

be

able

to

accommodate

multiple

andoften

competing

demands

to

develop

a

document

that

is

useful

to

a

variety

ofstakeholders.

Carefully

planned

and

facilitated

multistakeholder

consultationsat

critical

points

of

the

process

can

help

to

manage

input

and

foster

a

sense

ofshared

ownership

(see

?gure

2).

Forexample,

stakeholders

could

provide

input

onthe

main

themes

to

be

addressed,

types

of

indicators,

levels

of

disaggregation

andstrati?cation,

spatial

coverage,

and

preferred

presentation

forms

and

analysis.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks11The

form

and

frequency

of

these

consultations,

and

the

range

of

stakeholdersengaged,

canbeadaptedtothefactbooktimelineandbudget.Engage

stakeholders

throughout

thefactbookdevelopmentprocess.1.2

De?ne

budget,

team,

and

timeline.The

speci?cs

of

budget,

team

composition,

and

timeline

will

depend

on

availablecapacities

and

constraints,

but

certain

common

considerations

apply

to

mostoperational

planning.

The

assembled

core

production

team

should

include

peoplewith

expertise

in

producing

statistics,

visualizing

data,

writing

analysis,

andcoordinating

information,

stakeholders,

and

dissemination

events.

The

budgetshould

account

for

any

identi?ed

need

for

specialized

software,

training

to

buildtechnical

capacity,

and

production

of

the

events

and

materials

used

to

disseminatethe

factbook.

In

developing

the

timeline

for

factbook

production,

teams

shouldconsider

whether

the

factbook

must

be

completed

in

time

for

a

speci?c

deadline,the

points

at

which

it

might

make

sense

to

involve

stakeholders

beyond

the

coreteam,how

long

it

will

likely

take

to

secure

data

and

calculate

indicators,and

howearly

planning

should

begin

for

dissemination

events.

Table

1

summarizes

theseconsiderations.

Once

the

budget,

team,

and

timeline

are

established,

a

workplancanbeausefulwaytoorganizetasksandresponsibilities.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks12Table1.

Operational

considerationsPoints

to

considerArea?Whowillcompilepublishedindicatorsandinformationoncontext?Team???????Whowillcoordinatewithstakeholders?Whowillcalculateindicators?Whowillcreatedatavisualizations?Whowillwriteanalysistext?Whowillberesponsibleforlayoutandpublishing?Whowilldraftcommunicationsmaterials?Whowillorganizedisseminationevents???Isanyspecializedsoftwareneeded?Willtherebeaneedforanytrainingtobuildtechnicalcapacity?Budget??Willthefactbookbeprintedaswellaspublishedelec-tronically?Howwillthefactbookbedisseminated?

Whateventsandmaterialswillbeproduced???Doesthefactbookhaveaspeci?cdeadline?Atwhichpointswillstakeholdersbeyondthecore

teambeconsulted?Timeline??Howdi?cultisitlikelytobetogetdata?

Whatshareofindicatorswillneedtobecalculated?Bywhenwilltrainingbeneeded?

Whenshouldplanningbeginfordisseminationevents?Source:Originaltableforthisguidancenote.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks13Figure

2

lays

out

an

illustrative

six-month

timeline

for

developing

a

genderfactbook.

This

timeline

includes

an

initial

two

months

to

gather

participatingparties

and

select

indicators,

followed

by

a

two-month

period

for

compiling

andcalculating

the

gender

statistics.

Once

the

indicators

are

compiled,

the

timelineallocates

about

one

month

to

develop

the

gender

factbook

draft

with

another

monthfor

?nalizing

the

factbook

and

preparing

for

dissemination.

This

is

an

ambitioustimeline,

and

it

assumes

that

the

factbook

will

be

a

top

institutional

priority

withexplicit

commitment

from

NSO

leadership

and

dedicated

focal

points

from

eachrelevantministry.Figure

2.

Sample

timeline

for

creating

a

gender

factbookBeginningofMonth1End

ofBeginningEnd

ofEnd

ofBeginningNSOdeterminesthetargetaudienceandlistofpotentialparties(focalMonth1ofMonth2Month2Month3-4Month4Month5ofMonth6Month6

or7Publishthegenderpoints)factbook.FirstmeetingwithNSOandfocalpointsforgenderfactbook:Review

anddiscusstheindicatormapping

andprioritytopicsforthegenderfactbook.SecondmeetingwithNSOandfocalpointsforgenderfactbook:Reviewanddiscusstheupdatedindicatormapping

andapprovethefulllistofindicatorsandtopicsforthe

genderfactbook.Confirmtimelineandworkplan.ThirdmeetingwithNSOandfocalpointsforgenderfactbook:Confirmthatallindicatorshavebeencompiled.Kickoffthe

genderfactbookproduction,assigntasksandresponsibilitiestoparticipatingparties,anddeveloptimeline.FourthmeetingwithNSOandfocalpointsforgenderfactbook:Deviseanddiscussgenderfactbookdisseminationplan,assigntasksandresponsibilitiestoparticipatinginthegenderfactbookproductionandconductsanindicatormappingforthe

genderfactbook.participatingparties,anddeveloptimeline.Distributionof

theCompilationofpublishedProductionof

genderindicatormappinglistforfocalpointstoreview,

revise,andvalidate.indicatorsandcalculationofadditional

genderstatistics.Capacitybuildingtrainingonindicatorcalculation,ifnecessary.factbook(writingandvisuals)andfollow-up

onanymissingindicators.Source:Original?gureforthisguidancenote.Note:NSO=nationalstatisticso?ce.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks14Stage2:EngagestakeholderstoselectthemesandindicatorsStage3:CompileinformationandidentifykeymessagesStage5:DisseminatefactbookandkeymessagesStage4:CreatefactbookvisualsandnarrativeStage1:DevelopoperationalplanStage

2:

Engage

stakeholderstoselectthemesandindicatorsThe

following

steps

describe

a

general

process

to

select

themes

andindicators

for

a

gender

factbook

when

the

scope

of

the

factbook

is?exible.

If

some

aspects

of

the

factbook’s

scope

have

already

beende?ned—for

example,

if

the

factbook

is

intended

to

report

on

a

speci?cset

of

indicators

or

cover

a

certain

topic

or

survey—then

the

process

canbe

adapted

to

accommodate

those

decisions.2.1

Decide

on

the

type

of

data.Decide

if

the

factbook

will

include

indicators

based

on

survey

data

only

or

basedon

both

survey

and

administrative

data.

Administrative

data

like

health

andeducationrecords

cansigni?cantlyexpandthesetofpotentialindicatorsincludedin

the

gender

factbook.Such

data

also

tend

to

be

routinely

collected,allowing

formore

frequent

updates

of

indicators;

however,

administrative

records

are

usuallydeveloped,

maintained,

and

housed

by

relevant

sector

ministries.

Gender

factbookteams

based

in

NSOs

may

face

barriers

to

accessing

administrative

records,clarifying

the

data

collection

process

used

to

generate

them,

and

verifying

dataquality.

In

addition,

administrative

data

may

not

represent

all

populations

ofinterest

if

system

coverage

is

incomplete,

and

data

collection

processes

may

notbe

as

established

as

they

are

for

national

surveys.

Including

indicators

based

onadministrative

data,although

potentially

valuable,may

therefore

require

additionaltimeande?ortfromthefactbookproductionteam.Includingindicatorsbasedonadministrative

data

can

be

valuable

butmayrequireadditionaltimeande?ort.Guidance

Note

for

Producing

andDisseminating

Gender

Factbooks152.2

Identify

potential

indicators.It

is

often

helpful

to

begin

identifying

potential

indicators

based

on

relevantnational

and

international

policy

and

reporting

frameworks.

Most

internationallyrecognized

indicators

that

are

sex-disaggregated

or

that

relate

to

gender

topicscome

from

the

Sustainable

Development

Goals

and

the

UN

Minimum

Set

of

GenderIndicators

(MSGI)1

If

the

country

has

previously

conducted

a

Gender

Data

GapAssessment,

that

assessment

can

be

a

helpful

resource

for

indicator

identi?cationas

well.

In

addition,

factbook

teams

may

want

to

consider

national

policy

prioritiesand

commitments,

and

the

gender

issues

that

are

most

pressing

for

di?erentpopulationsinthecountry.The

SGS

Indicator

Mapping

templateincludes

a

reference

list

of

indicators

basedon

international

reporting

frameworksandareviewofcountrygenderfactbooks.2.3

Map

data

availability.The

feasibility

and

value

of

including

each

potential

indicator

in

the

factbook

willdep