05七選五（補(bǔ)全“首中尾”）-2025年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)能力提升全囊括

七選五補(bǔ)全“首、中、尾”考法一段首/段尾主題句[設(shè)空特點(diǎn)](1)設(shè)空在段首：通常是段落主題句或段落小標(biāo)題句，認(rèn)真閱讀空后內(nèi)容，推斷出主題句。(2)設(shè)空在段尾：一般是對(duì)上文或全文進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論。解題時(shí)應(yīng)快速瀏覽七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如so,therefore,asaresult,inshort,inaword,allinall等詞或短語，快速縮小選項(xiàng)范圍，再根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。[技法點(diǎn)撥]典例1【江蘇省南通市海門實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校20202021學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期學(xué)情調(diào)研二】LivingthelightlifeManyofusliketodineoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosinghearty,fatfilleddishesandsugarchargeddesserts,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.___36___AccordingtoEconomicDaily,lowcalorie,lowfatandhighfibermealshavebeepopularinChina'srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.___37___AccordingtoareportreleasedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.A．Itisimportantthatyougoonadietbasedonyourownneeds.B．Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiledmeat,wholegrains,fruitsandvegetables.C．Sothenexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.D．Toavoidputtingonweight,dinersarewillingtotryeverymeans.E．Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals.F．That'sprobablywhysomanypeople,especiallyyoungadults,areintothem.G．Therecentriseoflightmeals,however,givesdinersasmarterchoice.【答案】36．G

37．E

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了據(jù)《經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，低熱量、低脂肪、高纖維的餐食在中國的餐館和在線外賣平臺(tái)上大受歡迎，這種餐食被稱為輕食餐。文章說明了輕食餐的流行情況，以及其對(duì)人體健康的好處。36．根據(jù)后文AccordingtoEconomicDaily,lowcalorie,lowfatandhighfibermealshavebeepopularinChina'srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.可知據(jù)《經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，低熱量、低脂肪、高纖維的餐食在中國的餐館和在線外賣平臺(tái)上大受歡迎。由此可知，如今低熱量、低脂肪、高纖維的輕食餐很流行，給就餐者提供了更明智的選擇。故G選項(xiàng)“然而，最近輕食的興起給就餐者提供了更明智的選擇”符合語境，故選G。37．根據(jù)后文AccordingtoareportreleasedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.可知據(jù)主要的在線送餐平臺(tái)美團(tuán)網(wǎng)發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，網(wǎng)上訂購的輕餐數(shù)量也比去年增長了75%。由此根據(jù)后文的數(shù)據(jù)可知，網(wǎng)上訂購的輕餐數(shù)量在增長，說明提供輕食餐的餐廳數(shù)量在迅速增加。故E選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)國家出現(xiàn)了專門提供便餐的餐館的迅速擴(kuò)張”符合語境，故選E。典例2【江蘇省海安市20222023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期初學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)】EvaluatingSourcesofHealthInformationWatchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoute;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.____18____.Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.A．It’srightforyoutomakechoices.B．Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.C．Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.D．Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.E．Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.F．Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation.G．Reasonableevaluationcandistinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.【答案】18．E

18．根據(jù)該段中的“Watchformisleadinglanguage(注意誤導(dǎo)性的語言)”和空前一句“Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview(注意，信息也可能被作者的觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤地解釋)”可知，該空承接上文，應(yīng)該提到如何對(duì)待這種誤導(dǎo)性信息。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，E選項(xiàng)(仔細(xì)閱讀或傾聽信息，以便完全理解它)符合語境。故選E?？挤ǘ问?段尾過渡句/細(xì)節(jié)句[設(shè)空特點(diǎn)]過渡句：在段首或段尾的句子，有時(shí)承上啟下，應(yīng)注意瞻前顧后，段尾句有時(shí)是為了引出下一段的內(nèi)容。(2)細(xì)節(jié)句：段尾句作為細(xì)節(jié)句時(shí)，常是對(duì)空前內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充，或者與空前內(nèi)容是并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系。[技法點(diǎn)撥]典例3【江蘇省南京市部分學(xué)校20222023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期初摸底調(diào)研】Scienceshowsthatstretching(拉伸)isessentialafterexercise.Stretchinglengthensandmobilizestheconnectivetissuearoundyourmuscle.What’smore,stretchinghelpsyourbloodflowandevenrelievesyourstress.____16____Youcouldfeelsick.Youwon’tbesurprisedtoknowthatwhenyouexercise,youraiseyourheartrateforaperiodoftime.Whileit’sgreattogetthatbloodflowing,it’sjustasimportanttogetyourheartratebacktoanormallevelaftertheworkoutisover.A．You’llbeatriskofinjury.B．Youguessedit:Stretching.C．You’llimproveyourflexibilitybystretching.D．Itdoeswondersforbothyourphysicalandmentalhealth.E．Thisisalsoknowninthefitnessworldas“coolingdown”.F．Thereareharmfulsideeffectsifyoudon’tstretchafterexercise.G．That’swhypeopleoftenfeelpainintheir“weightbearing”jointslikekneesandhips.【答案】16．F

16．根據(jù)前文“Scienceshowsthatstretching(拉伸)isessentialafterexercise.Stretchinglengthensandmobilizestheconnectivetissuearoundyourmuscle.What’smore,stretchinghelpsyourbloodflowandevenrelievesyourstress.”（科學(xué)研究表明，運(yùn)動(dòng)后的伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)是必不可少的。拉伸可以延長和調(diào)動(dòng)你肌肉周圍的結(jié)締組織。更重要的是，伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)可以幫助你的血液流動(dòng)，甚至減輕你的壓力。）講述了運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)束后的拉伸運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處。下文“Youcouldfeelsick.”（你會(huì)覺得惡心。）描述了不做拉伸帶來的結(jié)果。所以作為本段的結(jié)尾可以描述，運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)束不做拉伸會(huì)帶來一些不好的結(jié)果。F項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)后不做伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)有副作用?！?，符合題意，故選F。典例4【江蘇省鹽城市伍佑中學(xué)20222023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期初考試】Weareallsocialemotionalbeingsandthroughoutourlives,weallcontinuetoshapeourbehavioursandrelationships.However,forlifelongwellbeing,thedevelopmentofsocialemotionalskillsshouldbeshapedwiselyasachildopensitseyestothisworld.Herearesomestrategicactionsthatwillhelpyouguideyourchildinimprovingtheirsocialemotionallearningskills.____16____Iftheyarecrying,tellthem?“Youlooksad”or?“Itlookslikeyouaremadrightnow.”Thiswayyoucanreflecttheiremotionstothemwithwordsandhelpthemunderstandandexpresstheiremotionstoo.A．Cognitiveskillscanonlybeacquiredfromclassroomlearning.B．Defineandputintowordsyourchildren’semotions.C．However,itisneveracceptabletoshowaggressivebehaviors.D．Teachthemhowtohandlethosefeelingsinsteadofavoidingthem.E．Thiswayyoucanshowthemthatit’ssometimesokaytohavebigfeelings.F．Socialemotionallearningalsoimprovesstudents’attitudestowardsschool.G．Improvingmathematicalandproblemsolvingskillswillalsosupportchildren’ssocialemotionaldevelopment.【答案】16．B

16．由該題為段落小標(biāo)題，可知為概括該段內(nèi)容。該段下文“Iftheyarecrying,tellthem“Youlooksad”or“Itlookslikeyouaremadrightnow.”Thiswayyoucanreflecttheiremotionstothemwithwordsandhelpthemunderstandandexpresstheiremotionstoo.”（如果他們?cè)诳?，告訴他們“你看起來很傷心”或“你現(xiàn)在看起來很生氣?！边@樣你就可以用語言向他們反映他們的情緒，幫助他們理解和表達(dá)他們的情緒。）可知，主要講的是用語言向他們反映他們的情緒，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)Defineandputintowordsyourchildren’semotions.（定義孩子的情緒，并用語言表達(dá)出來。）意思一致，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)?？挤ㄈ沃屑?xì)節(jié)句/過渡句[設(shè)空特點(diǎn)]段中位置設(shè)題一般是段落細(xì)節(jié)句或過渡句。通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文之間的銜接關(guān)系。常見的邏輯關(guān)系包括7類：總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系和例證關(guān)系。[技法點(diǎn)撥]典例5【南京市第一中學(xué)20222023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試】HowtousehumortomakefriendsRecognizewhentousehumorThinkofanunfortablesituation:youjustmetanentiretableofnewpeopleandyoudon’trememberanyoftheirnames;nowthereisaveryawkwardsilenceamongthegroup.Howdoyoubreaktheuneasiness?____40____.Laughinghelpsoverethebridgeofsocialdisfortinanycircumstance,andthesameapplieswhenyoumeetnewpeople.A．WithajokeB．BeabletotakeajokeC．Don’tjokeattheexpenseofothersD．YouneedtoexpectajoketobetoldatyourexpenseE．Itmaybefunny,butit’snotattractivetolaughatothersF．Don’tthinkofyourselfashavingtorepresenttheroleofaedianG．Connectingwithpeoplethroughhumorandhappinesshastobeauthentic【答案】

40．A40．上文“Howdoyoubreaktheuneasiness?”(你怎么打破這種局促感呢？)向讀者提出了一個(gè)問題：參加全是陌生人的聚會(huì)時(shí)，面對(duì)一陣尷尬的沉默，如何打破這種局促感？A項(xiàng)“開個(gè)玩笑”給出了問題的答案，符合題意，下文“Laughinghelpsoverethebridgeofsocialdisfortinanycircumstance,andthesameapplieswhenyoumeetnewpeople.”(放聲大笑有利于克服任何場(chǎng)合下的社交不適，當(dāng)你結(jié)識(shí)新朋友時(shí)這個(gè)方法同樣適用)進(jìn)一步解釋了為什么能夠通過開玩笑來化解這種局促感。故選A項(xiàng)。典例6【2022屆江蘇省如東高級(jí)中學(xué)高三熱身練】Urbanexpansionislinkedtoanumberoffactors.Lowerhousingcostsinthesuburbhaveattractedmanytosettleintheseareas.Therehasbeenanincreasinginvestmentofinfrastructureliketransportandelectricityinthesuburbs.____18____Theincreaseinfamilyineofanaveragepersonhasraisedhisstandardofliving.Drivingprivatecarsfromthesuburbtothecityisaffordableformanypeople.A．Thisbringsconveniencetolife.B．Thisspreadisnamedasurbanexpansion.C．Expansionhasbeencriticizedforsomeproblems.D．Therefore,theseareashaveincreasedinnumberquickly.E．Overall,urbanexpansionisaphenomenonthatcanbeavoided.F．Despiteantiexpansionviews,urbanexpansionhasitsownbenefits.G．Manhasalwaysmovedtonewerplacesforbetteropportunitiesandpay.【答案】18．A

18．設(shè)空前“Therehasbeenanincreasinginvestmentofinfrastructureliketransportandelectricityinthesuburbs.(郊區(qū)的交通和電力等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資不斷增加)”可知住房成本低、交通和電力的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施費(fèi)用投資不斷增加，設(shè)空后“Theincreaseinfamilyineofanaveragepersonhasraisedhisstandardofliving”說生活水平提高，有更多人買得起車了。這里都在說城市化給人們生活帶來的便利，A選項(xiàng)，“Thisbringsconveniencetolife（這帶給人們生活方便）”，符合上下文文意。故選A。鞏固提高A【2023屆江蘇省南京市鎮(zhèn)江市高三上學(xué)期第一次八校聯(lián)考】TheSpotlightEffectHaveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Well,here’ssomegoodnews:it’slikelythatnooneevennoticed.____16____Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.Thespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabadhairday,orgiveaterribleanswerinclass.____17____Inthesemoments,itfeelslikeeveryoneiswatching.Thespotlighteffectexistsbecauseweallgetusedtoseeingthingsthroughourowneyes.Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlivesseemtohavegreatimportance.____18____Thespotlighteffectisaverymonpartofthehumanexperience.However,insomecases,itcanleadtoextremesocialanxietyandnervousnessaroundotherpeople.Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink,andweallwanttobeliked.It’snormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.____19____Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenit’stimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.Learningaboutthespotlighteffectisimportantbecauseitcanhelpusreduceouranxiety.Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.____20____Ifyoufillyourmindwiththoughtsofyourfriendsandfamily,itwillhelpyoubelessselfconscious.A．However,thiscanbeaproblemwhentheanxietyistoomuchtohandle.B．That’swhyfewerpeoplenoticetheembarrassingcircumstancestheyencounter.C．Anothergoodexerciseistomakeanefforttonoticethepeoplearoundyou,ratherthanfocusingonyourself.D．Thespotlighteffectisatrickofthemindthatmakesusbelievethatpeoplenoticeusmoreoftenthantheyreallydo.E．Whatyoucandoatthismomentistoignorethem.F．Wearesobusyexaminingourselvesthatweactuallyobserveverylittleabouteveryonearoundus.G．Itcanalsoappearwhenwescoreabiggoal,asksomeoneonadate,ordoagooddeed.【答案】16．D

17．G

18．F

19．A

20．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了聚光燈效應(yīng)的概念、成因和作用。16．由標(biāo)題“TheSpotlightEffect(聚光燈效應(yīng))”，第一段“Haveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Well,here’ssomegoodnews:it’slikelythatnooneevennoticed.(當(dāng)你犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，你有沒有覺得整個(gè)世界都在注視著你？好吧，這里有一些好消息：很可能沒有人注意到)”和下文“Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.(我們不僅在犯錯(cuò)時(shí)，而且在表現(xiàn)出色時(shí)都有這種經(jīng)歷。每次我們做一些與平時(shí)稍有不同的事情時(shí)，我們都會(huì)認(rèn)為周圍的人都會(huì)注意到)”可知，上下文講聚光燈效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)的場(chǎng)合，當(dāng)人們出錯(cuò)時(shí)，人們總覺得會(huì)被周圍的許多人注意到，但事實(shí)真相是：很可能沒有人注意到你的行為，說明聚光燈效應(yīng)只是一種心理作用，是人們自己認(rèn)為會(huì)被注意到的一種現(xiàn)象，可得出D選項(xiàng)“聚光燈效應(yīng)是一種大腦欺騙我們的手段，讓我們誤以為別人注意到我們的次數(shù)比實(shí)際情況更多?！鼻蓄}，呼應(yīng)最后一段“Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.(下次當(dāng)你覺得每個(gè)人都盯著你看的時(shí)候，提醒自己這只是你的大腦在捉弄你)”。故選D項(xiàng)。17．G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)我們?nèi)〉靡粋€(gè)大的目標(biāo)，約某人約會(huì)或做一件好事時(shí)，它也會(huì)出現(xiàn)?！背薪由衔摹癟hespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabadhairday,orgiveaterribleanswerinclass.(聚光燈效應(yīng)可能發(fā)生在我們?cè)诒荣愔蟹稿e(cuò)、頭發(fā)糟糕或在課堂上給出糟糕的答案時(shí))”講聚光燈效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)合的具體事例。故選G項(xiàng)。18．由上文“Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlivesseemtohavegreatimportance.(每個(gè)人都是他或她的故事中的主角，我們生活中的事件似乎很重要)”可知，人們很關(guān)注自己和自己身上發(fā)生的事情，該空與上文是因果關(guān)系，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“我們忙于審視自己，實(shí)際上很少觀察周圍的人?！背薪由衔闹v因?yàn)槿藗兏嗟藐P(guān)注自己，所以很少注意周圍的人。故選F項(xiàng)。19．A選項(xiàng)“然而，當(dāng)焦慮太多而無法處理時(shí)，這可能是一個(gè)問題?！迸c上文“Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink,andweallwanttobeliked.It’snormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.(每個(gè)人都有一定程度的社交焦慮。我們都關(guān)心別人的想法，我們都想被人喜歡。想知道我們對(duì)其他人有什么影響是正常的)”講“擁有一定程度的社交焦慮是正?，F(xiàn)象”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出焦慮太多會(huì)成問題的事實(shí)，銜接下文“Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenit’stimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.(如果有人過于緊張，無法做出正確的決定，那么是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)改善這種情況了)”講針對(duì)這種情況要采取措施的內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。20．C選項(xiàng)“另一個(gè)好的練習(xí)是努力去注意你周圍的人，而不是專注于你自己?！背薪由衔摹癗exttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.(下次當(dāng)你覺得每個(gè)人都盯著你看的時(shí)候，提醒自己這只是你的大腦在捉弄你)”講克服聚光燈效應(yīng)的具體策略。故選C項(xiàng)。B【江蘇省蘇州市20222023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期八校聯(lián)考指標(biāo)調(diào)研】Lifecanbechallengingforteens.Theymustdealwithschoolwork,familylifeandfriendsatthesametimetofit.Feelingofsadness,frustrationandirritabilityaremon._____16_____Theirnegativefeelingsdon'teandgo.Instead,thoseintensefeelingscanpointtoadiseasecalleddepression—onethatmayrequiretreatment.It'seasytothinkthatdepressedpeoplesimplyfeelsadorhopeless.Formanyteensthatmaybetrue._____17_____Somekidswithdrawfromfriendsandfamily.Othersrespondwithangryoutbursts.Someteensmayskipschoolorstopeatingorsleeping.Teachers,parentsorevenateen'sclosefriendsmayfindithardtotellwhetherthesebehaviorsarejustpartofbeingateensorsignsofsomethingtrulyserious.Evendepressedteensmaynotrealizetheyhavethisproblem._____18_____MorethanthreemillionAmericansbetweentheagesof12and17experienceddepressionin2019.However,astudybyresearchersatHarvardandYaleuniversitiesfoundthathalfofallteenswithdepressiondon'tgethelpuntiltheybeeadults.Andonlyoneinthreewillhavebeendiagnosedbytheirdoctor._____19_____"Icanonlyworkwithwhatyougiveme,"Deesays,thementalhealthprofessionalinLincoln,Neb.Deesays,peersshouldalsoseekforsignsofdepression.Keepaneyeonyourfriends,sheremends.Watchforsymptomsofisolation(孤立)orhopelessness._____20_____Anyofthesebehaviorscouldbeasymptomofdepression.Overall,knowingwho—andhow—tohelpisessentialforsuccessfullytreatingdepressioninteens.A．Andtheshareofthoseaffectedishigh.B．Somemaystartabusingalcoholordrugs.C．Teensshouldbehonestwiththeiranswers.D．Theproblemisthatdepressioninteenscanbehardtospot.E．Thereisalinkbetweenmentalillnessandsuicideinteens.F．Butforsometeens,thoseemotionstakeamoreextremeturn.G．Eve