定語(yǔ)從句講解牛津譯林版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句的定義及其結(jié)構(gòu)1.定義:在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。例如：ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.2.先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞。3.類系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。應(yīng)該注意的是:a.定語(yǔ)從句一般位于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。b.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任某一成分。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，例如That'stheteacherwhoteachesusChinese.2.whom指人，在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whom，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中也可以被省去，但作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用whom，例如:Doyouknowtheworker(whom)wemetattheschoolgate?3.whose指人，也可以指物，在從中做定語(yǔ)，例如:TheprofessorwhosewifeteachesyouEnglishhasbeentoChina.Thehousewhosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.4.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，which充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可以被省去，例如:Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.Thebookwhichisonthedeskisadictionary.在作非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which的先行詞有時(shí)不是一個(gè)單詞，而是前面整個(gè)主句所表達(dá)的概念，例如:TheforeignteacherhelpeduswithspokenEnglish,whichwasverykindofher.5.that多指物，也可指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)，其用法和which大致相同。Thisisthepowerstationthat(which)webuiltlastyear.Whoisthepersonthatisplayingthepiano?關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded2.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，例如:ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.3.why指原因。在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。例如:Allofusarequitecuriousaboutthereasonwhyhedidnotturnupatyesterday’sparty.關(guān)系代詞前帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可放在whom，which之前，也可以放在句中原來(lái)的位置上，例如:Ishetheman(whom)youspoketoyesterday?該句的介詞to放在原來(lái)的位置上，whom可以省略Ishethemantowhomyouspokeyesterday?該句的介詞to也可以放在whom之前，whom不可以省略。在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞和介詞屬于固定搭配，一般不可以分開(kāi)，例如Thisistheanswerwhichwearelookingfor.注意:關(guān)系代詞that不可以放在介詞之后。2.關(guān)系副詞whenwhere和關(guān)系代詞whose有時(shí)可以用“介+which”來(lái)代替，例如We’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Thebookwhosecoverhaseoffismine.=Thebook,thecoverofwhichhaseoff,ismine.由關(guān)系代as引的定語(yǔ)從句as可作為關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，例如:HeisfromBeijing,asyouknow.在這里，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句HeisfromBeijing,whichyouknow.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句,從句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，(which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不放主句前)，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，意為正如......Asyouknow,heisfromBeijing.as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用于一些固定句型，如such/so...as..thesame...as...as...as...。例如:Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.Ihavethesamebookasyoubought.關(guān)系代詞that與which用法的區(qū)別1.which可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)隊(duì)句，that則不能。例如：HehadfailedintheEnglishexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry2.which之前可以有介詞，that之前則不能，例如ThisisthehouseinwhichTomusedtolive.3.只能用that，而不能用which的情況，=1\*GB3①當(dāng)先行詞是all,everything,nothing,something,anything.much,little,few,none等不定代詞時(shí)，例如:ThatisallthatIwanttosay.=2\*GB3②當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)，例如:ThefirstplacethatIvisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.=3\*GB3③當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thejust等詞修飾時(shí)，例如:Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows=4\*GB3④當(dāng)兩個(gè)先行詞一個(gè)指人,一個(gè)指物時(shí)，例如:Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.=5\*GB3⑤當(dāng)主句己有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)，例如Whothatyouhaveeverseencandobetter?=6\*GB3⑥如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一句的關(guān)系代詞是which，另一句則用that避免重復(fù)LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.限制性定語(yǔ)從與非限制定語(yǔ)從的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種，限制性定語(yǔ)從句為先行詞不可總少的定語(yǔ)從句，如果將這種定語(yǔ)從句省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整或不明確。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如:Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果將這種定語(yǔ)從句省去，也不至于影響主句的意思，它和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如:Theletterisfrommybrother,whoisworkinginthefactory.請(qǐng)比較以下限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上的區(qū)別:Allthebooksthere,whichhavepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.這兒所有的書都是他寫的，書里面都有插圖。（該句含有一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，“書里面都有插圖”只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明）Allthebookstherewhichhavepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.這兒所有里面有插圖的書都是他寫的。（該句為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意即書里面沒(méi)有插圖的書不是他寫的）定語(yǔ)從句過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that2.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.that/which3.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouseroofisunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.ofwhichD.whose4.Thisisthehouseweboughtlastmonth.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.bothAandC5.Thisisthehousemyparentsmetforthefirsttime.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.bothAandC6.Doyourememberthedayyoujoinedourclub?A.inwhichB.onwhichC./D.which7.LiLing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwholwentD.wentwithhim8.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he9.I'mtoflytoKunming.itiswarmnow.A.whichB.asCwhereD.when10.isknowntoall,waterisveryimportanttomankind.A.AsB.WhichC.WhoD.When11.Themanyouaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather'sneighbor.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.Which12.ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking13.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowed