高考英語閱讀理解五步法專項(xiàng)帶練(38)講義

（素材來源：重慶市南開中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三1月第五次質(zhì)量檢測英語試題①InJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll.Knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.②ThepoeticqualityofMurray'sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject"theWikipediaofthe19thcentury"prising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea"descriptive"dictionarythattrackedwords'useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits"prescriptive"18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow"rare,oldfashioned,new,strange"wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.③TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie'sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.④MsOgilvie'sbookisfullofintriguingstories.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors（memorably,"K"isfor"kleptomaniac"peoplewhodesiretosteal）.Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.⑤Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,"livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs".32.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takenatoll"inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.B.Provedinvain.C.Wornoutthepassion.D.Hadaharmfuleffect.33.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.34.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie'sbook.B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.D.Murray'sroleineditingtheOED.35.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.B.Abiographyofaneditor.C.Anessayondictionaryediting.Anintroductiontoadictionary.【五步法解題】串聯(lián)題干Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takenatoll"inparagraph1mean?WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?關(guān)聯(lián)詞太少，無法推導(dǎo)主題詞35.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.一本書的評論B.Abiographyofaneditor.一位編輯的傳記C.Anessayondictionaryediting.一篇關(guān)于詞典編輯的文章D.Anintroductiontoadictionary.一本字典的介紹。⑤Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,"livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs".本題考察的是順序的行文邏輯。什么是評論？不就是論證論據(jù)？所以概括詞的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：concreteproof=review32.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takenatoll"inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.取得成功：成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)或達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果。B.Provedinvain.證明是徒勞的。C.Wornoutthepassion.耗盡了激情。D.Hadaharmfuleffect.產(chǎn)生了有害的影響。這是一段詞匯推斷題?；匚亩ㄎ唬孩買nJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll.Knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.提示一下：在瀏覽選項(xiàng)留意委婉表達(dá),這有可能是正確答案：Can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some,effect,change33.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?關(guān)于牛津英語詞典，我們能了解到什么?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.它是詞典編輯的一個(gè)例子。B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.它為單詞的用法提供了精確的指導(dǎo)。C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.這是許多志愿者的合作工作。D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.它是在塞繆爾·約翰遜的幫助下編輯的。注意：一旦選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)專業(yè)名詞，建議首先排除，因?yàn)橐话闱闆r下帶有專有名詞選項(xiàng)，回文定位是很簡單的，所以專有名詞的選項(xiàng)一般為“陪跑”選項(xiàng)②ThepoeticqualityofMurray'sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject"theWikipediaofthe19thcentury"prising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea"descriptive"dictionarythattrackedwords'useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits"prescriptive"18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow"rare,oldfashioned,new,strange"wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.概括化的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)Cooperativework=prising3,000people.34.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie'sbook.SarahOgilvie的書背后的故事B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.莎拉·奧吉維的偵探方法。C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.早期《牛津英語詞典》編者的傳奇。D.Murray'sroleineditingtheOED.Murray在編輯《牛津英語詞典》中的角色。③TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie'sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.破題關(guān)鍵：①段首句（段落主旨）②原詞對應(yīng)【逐句翻譯】①InJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：severelytorture....做定語修飾JamesMurray；oneof...做同位語補(bǔ)充解釋JM句意：1915年7月，被糟糕的健康狀況嚴(yán)重折磨的詹姆斯·默里(JamesMurray)，牛津英語詞典(OED)的早期編輯之一，定義了最后一個(gè)詞。Afterhis36years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll.在他為這本詞典奉獻(xiàn)了36年之后，他的辛苦付出了代價(jià)。Knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.他知道自己無法看到項(xiàng)目完成。②ThepoeticqualityofMurray'sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.穆雷最后幾天的詩情畫意是《字典人物》中眾多令人難忘的故事之一。Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject"theWikipediaofthe19thcentury"prising3,000people.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：the...of...;prising...都是同位語補(bǔ)充修飾OED句意：從1857年開始，《牛津英語詞典》是一個(gè)龐大的眾包項(xiàng)目——“19世紀(jì)的維基百科”——由3000人組成。Theideawastocreatea"descriptive"dictionarythattrackedwords'useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits"prescriptive"18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：unlike...是句子的比較狀語；which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾SamuelJohnson句意：他的想法是創(chuàng)建一本“描述性”詞典，追蹤單詞的使用和含義，而不是像18世紀(jì)塞繆爾·約翰遜(SamuelJohnson)的“規(guī)定性”詞典那樣，告訴讀者如何說和使用單詞。Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow"rare,oldfashioned,new,strange"wordswereused.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：mailing做伴隨狀語，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句志愿者們廣泛閱讀，郵寄一些“罕見的、過時(shí)的、新的、奇怪的”詞匯的例子。Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：what引導(dǎo)主語從句令人驚訝的是，這種相當(dāng)隨機(jī)的方法居然奏效了。③TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie'sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.SarahOgilvie這本書的起源故事幾乎和字典本身的故事一樣難以置信?！竟潭ù钆浞治觥緼s...as...和...一樣Well,let'sgo.I'dliketoseeasaspossible.咱們?nèi)グ?我想盡可能多地看看.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾scholar;aformerscholar做同位語解釋MS,,,句意：奧吉爾維女士曾是一名學(xué)者，曾擔(dān)任《牛津英語詞典》的編輯，她在牛津大學(xué)出版社的文件中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本舊筆記本。IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.它屬于默里，里面有詞典志愿者的名字和詳細(xì)信息，其中大多數(shù)人以前都不為人知?！竟潭ù钆浞治觥緽elongto...屬于Hedidnotbelongtohissetoffriends.他與他那伙朋友不一樣.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：bringing做伴隨狀語分析《字典人物》是她的偵探學(xué)術(shù)作品，將名字背后的生活帶給讀者。④MsOgilvie'sbookisfullofintriguingstories.奧吉維女士的書中充滿了有趣的故事【超綱詞解析】Intriguingadj.有趣的;迷人的【記憶】in，進(jìn)入，使，trig，瑣事，繁瑣，詞源同trick，extricate.即卷進(jìn)去的，引申詞義激發(fā)，激起好奇心，同時(shí)，也用于指陰謀，密謀等。Thesediscoveriesraiseintriguingquestions.這些發(fā)現(xiàn)帶來了非常有趣的問題。【固定搭配分析】Befullof充滿...Theairseemedtobefullofpinkmist.空中彌漫著粉紅色的霧.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：taking..做伴隨狀語句意：這本書的呈現(xiàn)方式也是非傳統(tǒng)的，它的結(jié)構(gòu)來自于它所描述的作品。Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors（memorably,"K"isfor"kleptomaniac"peoplewhodesiretosteal）.全書有26個(gè)章節(jié)，按字母順序排列，每個(gè)章節(jié)都頌揚(yáng)一群貢獻(xiàn)者(值得紀(jì)念的是，“K”代表渴望偷竊的“盜竊狂”)。Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句句意：這是一個(gè)聰明的安排，盡管有時(shí)這意味著更廣泛的問題只是零散地出現(xiàn)。⑤Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.本質(zhì)上，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于普通人的故事。Itisconcreteproo