八年級下冊Unit1知識點梳理（教師版）

Unit1What’sthematter?(教師版)語法精講語法精講一：情態(tài)動詞should的用法情態(tài)動詞should意為“應當；應該”，后接動詞原形，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，否定形式為shouldn’t。一、should的句式結(jié)構句式結(jié)構例句肯定句主語+should+動詞原形+其他Weshouldhelpthepeopleintrouble.否定句主語+shouldn’t+動詞原形+其他Theyshouldn’teattoomuch.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+should+主語+動詞原形+其他？Whereshouldwemeet?一般疑問句Should+主語+動詞原形+其他？—It’stoocold.ShouldIclosethewindow?肯定回答Yes,主語+should.—Yes,youshould.否定回答No,主語+shouldn’t.—No,youshouldn’t.二、should的基本用法及示例用法示例表示勸告、建議YoushouldanswerthequestioninEnglish.你應該用英語回答這個問題。表示義務、責任Childrenshoulddotheirhomeworkbythemselves.孩子們應該獨自做作業(yè)。表示推斷、判斷Theyshouldbeathomenow,Ithink.我認為，他們現(xiàn)在應該在家。表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等HowshouldIknow?我怎么會知道？5.Dogs___B____runthroughsoccergamesatthepark.It'sdangerous!A.should B.shouldn't C.need D.needn't6.Tokeepchildrensafe,we___B____putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.A.may B.should C.can D.might7.Youshould___B____morefruit.A.eatsB.eatC.eatingD.toeat8.Ifyouhaveaheadache,Ithinkyou___C___seeadoctor.A.willB.shallC.shouldD.can二：反身代詞self（單數(shù)）/selves（復數(shù)）一、反身代詞的分類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myself我自己yourself你自己himselfherselfitself他自己她自己它自己復數(shù)ourselves我們自己yourselves你們自己themselves他們自己二、反身代詞的用法1.反身代詞多用于動詞或介詞后作賓語，表示“某人自己”Eg.Helearnedtorideabicyclebyhimself.他自己學會了騎自行車。2.反身代詞?？级陶Z：?byoneself獨自?enjoyoneself玩得開心?lookafteroneself照顧自己?helponeselfto隨便吃,隨便用?teachoneself自學?hurtoneself傷到自己?cutoneself切到自己?dressoneself自己穿衣服Couldyouhelpmecleanthefloor?Ican'tdoitby___myself____(I).Youmustlookafter___yourself___(you)wellwhileI'maway,Tom.Yoursisteristooyoung,soshecan’tgotoschoolbyherself(she).Don’tworry.Wecansolveourproblemsbyourselves(we).5.Dad,couldyoupleaseteach___D____English?Sure！Butit'smoreimportanttolearnitby________.A.my;EnglishB.my;you C.me;you D.me;yourself知識點梳理知識點梳理法詳考點1What’sthematter?的用法“What’sthematter?”表示“怎么了？/出什么事了？”，常用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題，其后跟詢問對象時，與介詞with連用。知識點1：重點：“What’

s

the

matter

with

sb?”=What’s

the

troublewith

sb?=What’

swrongwith

sb?

=What’s

up?

=What

happens

to

sb.?

【注意】matter

和trouble

為名詞，

其前可加the

表示特指，wrong

是形容詞，不能加the。知識點2：matter還可作動詞v.，意為“要緊；關系重大”。常用句型：Itdoesn’tmatter.“沒關系”，用來回答對方的道歉。Eg.—Sorry,I’mlate.Igotstuckinatrafficjam.抱歉，我來晚了。路上堵車。—Itdoesn’tmatter.沒關系。1.—___D___?

—Nothing

serious

,

but

a

bit

tired.

A.

Is

that

all

B.

Is

there

anything

else

C.

What’s

this

D.

What’s

the

matter

with

you2.—___C____?

—I

have

a

headache

and

I

don’t

feel

like

eating

anything.

A.

How

are

you

B.

What

can

I

do

for

you

C.

What’s

the

matter

with

you

D.

How

do

you

like

it考點2患病的表達方法【注意】havetheflu患流感havea/anhavea/an+疾病名稱haveacold感冒haveafever發(fā)燒haveacough咳嗽havea/an+身體部位achehaveaheadache頭痛haveastomachache胃痛haveatoothache牙痛haveasore+身體部位haveasoreback背疼haveasorethroat喉嚨疼主語+hurt(s)/cut(s)+身體部位/反身代詞Hehurtshimself.患病的表達方式考點3toomany;toomuch;muchtoo用法Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.她昨天講話太多而且沒有喝足夠的水。toomuch表示“……得太多”，在此處做狀語，修飾動詞talk，表示程度【易混辨析】toomuch副詞詞組，表示“……得太多”，修飾動詞形容詞詞組，表示“太多”，修飾不可數(shù)（可數(shù)/不可數(shù)）名詞toomany形容詞詞組，表示“太多”，修飾可數(shù)（可數(shù)/不可數(shù)）名詞muchtoo副詞詞組，表示“太……”，修飾形容詞或副詞1.Thereistoomuchnoiseinthemarket.市場里有太多噪音。2.Toomanypeoplecametovisithimeveryday.每天都有太多人來拜訪他。3.Thecoatismuchtoodear.Ican’taffordit.這件外套太貴了，我買不起?？键c4enough的用法enough意為“足夠的；足夠地”，既可作形容詞也可作副詞。作形容詞修飾名詞時，放在名詞的前面，作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，放在所修飾詞的后面。（形副前名后）形副形副前名后形容詞/副詞+enoughenough+名詞足夠漂亮beautifulenough足夠的錢enoughmoney1.Cathycheckedherpaper____D____sothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.

A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefully D.carefullyenough2.Itwas___C_____forustosolvethemathproblem.Fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.A.easyenough B.enougheasy C.difficultenough D.enoughdifficult考點5without的用法+代詞+代詞Ican’tlivewithoutyou.without無；沒有；不+名詞Youcan’tbuythingswithoutmoney.+動詞ing形式Ianswerthequestionwithoutthinking.*without本身表示否定意義，其反義詞為with。1.Althoughmysisterwouldliketodrinkcoffee___B___whitesugar,Idon’tlikesugar.A.without B.with C.has D.in2.The“teacherfreeexam”meansthatstudentstaketheirexamsAteachers.Studentsmustbemorehonest.A.without B.against C.through D.with3.MyfatherhasbeenawayfromShangHaiwithout___saying____(say)anywords.考點6see的用法...Whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.……這時，司機看到一位老人躺在路邊。seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做某事”，表示看到動作正在進行，強調(diào)此動作的進行性、連續(xù)性seesb.dosth.“看見某人做過某事”，表示看到動作進行的全過程，強調(diào)此動作已完成或經(jīng)常做Eg.Isawhimworkinginthegardenatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候我看見他正在花園里干活。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。1.Seeing

their

teacherDinto

the

classroom,

they

stoppedat

once.

A.

walk;

telling

B.

entering;

to

speak

C.

enter;

to

tell

D.

walking;

talking

2.—ItiredtomakeAliceDhermindbutIfounditdifficult.—Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing3.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,IsawsomeoldpeopleCChineset’aichi.A.doB.didC.doingD.aredoing考點7辨析getoff,geton,getinto與getoutofgetoff表示“下（公共汽車、火車、飛機、馬等）”后面常跟較大的交通工具geton表示“上（公共汽車、火車），騎上（馬等）”getinto表示“上（小汽車、出租車）；進入（電梯等）”后面常跟較小的交通工具getoutof表示“從（小汽車、出租車、電梯等）下來”1.Jimisgettingonthebus,whileTomisgettingoff.吉姆正要上公交車，而湯姆正下車。2.IsawMarygetoutofataxi,andthenamangotintoit.我看見瑪麗從一輛出租車下來，然后一個男人上了車3.Don’tforgettotakeyourbagwhenyouAthebus.A.getoff B.takeoff C.turnoff D.putoff考點8agree的用法agreeagreeagreetososth.同意做某事agreewithsb.同意某人（的觀點）agreeonsth.就某事取得一致意見1.Mymotheragreed___to____(介詞)buymeanewpen.我媽媽答應給我買一支新鋼筆。2.Ientirelyagree___with____(介詞)you.我完全同意你的看法。3.Weagree____on___(介詞)thequestion.我們在這個問題是意見一致。4.Theyagreed___B___ahouseinthecityafterdiscussingthepricewitheachother.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought考點9surprise的用法surprisesurprise動詞“使...吃驚”surprisesb.使某人吃驚例句：Thebadnewssurprisedmeyesterday.surprised形容詞“吃驚的”(修飾人)besurprisedat對……感到吃驚besurprisedtodosth.做某事而感到驚訝surprising形容詞“令人吃驚的”(修飾物)例句：Hegaveasurprisinganswer.?surprise名詞“吃驚”?？级陶Ztoone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是insurprise吃驚地1.To__his____surprise(使他吃驚的是），shegotthefirstprizeintheexam.2.Weare__surprised__(surprise)atthe_surprising__news.(surprise)3.__C____surprise,themotherfoundherlittleboysittingatthepiano.A.At B.To C.In D.On4.Thefanswere__D___toknowthedeathoftheirfavoritesingingstar.A.glad B.angry C.excited D.surprised考點10辨析thanksto與thanksforThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themanwassavedbythedoctorsintime.技巧：后接句子大部分有逗號“，”同義=becauseof=withthehelpof表示“由于；多虧”thanksto多虧；由于介詞to后跟表示感謝的對象，thanksfor因……而感謝介詞for后跟感謝的原因，可以是名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式1.Thanks__to____(to/for)you,Iamnotlost.幸虧你我才沒迷路。2..Thanks__for____(to/for)sendingmesuchanicepresent.謝謝你寄給我這么好的一個禮物。3.__B____

her

husband,she

has

now

bee

a

famous

film

star.

A.

Because

B.

Thanks

to

C.

Thanks

for

D.

With

the

help考點11“做某事有困難”的表達方法problemsproblemshave/has/had＋(in可省略)doingsth.difficultydifficultytroubletrouble例句：Ihaveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)learningEnglish.我學習英語有困難?！就卣寡由臁俊白瞿呈潞荛_心/有趣”的表達方法：＋doingsth.havea＋doingsth.havefun考點12use的用法Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作為一名登山者，阿倫習慣于冒險。beusedtodoingsth.意為“(現(xiàn)在)習慣于做某事”，其中to是介詞，后跟動詞ing形式beusedtodosth.意為“被用來做某事”，其中to為不定式符號，后跟動詞__原形___usedtodosth.意為“過去常常做某事”，只用于過去時態(tài)，其中to是不定式符號，后跟動詞_原形1.–How

does

Jack

usually

go

to

work?

—He

___D___

drive

a

car,

but

now

he

_______

there

to

lose

weight.

A.

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

B.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

C.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

D.

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

2.She

__C___

live

alone.

But

she

_______

living

alone

because

she

feels

lonely.

A.

used

to;

doesn’t

used

to

B.

is

used

to;

was

used

to

C.

used

to;

is

not

used

to

D.

was

used

to;

doesn’t

used

to3.Maryusedto__B____inthecountryside,butnowsheisusedto_______inthecity.A.live;liveB.live;livingC.living;liveD.living;living4.Mygrandfatherisusedto__D____anewspaperatthetablebeforebreakfast.A.buyingB.buyC.readD.reading考點13與die有關的用法diedied動詞“死，去世”指因為生病、年老、負傷等原因而死，是非延續(xù)性動詞，不能同表示一段時間的狀語連用Hediedtwoyears.(×)dead形容詞“已經(jīng)去世的”表示狀態(tài)，可以同表示一段時間的狀語連用。如果表達“死了多長時間”用“have/hasbeendeadfor+時間段”或“died+時間段+ago”。dying形容詞“即將去世的”表示狀態(tài)，指“垂死的，要死的”，常用于be動詞后death名詞“死，死亡”常用于名詞所有格...’s或形容詞性物主代詞his/her....后1.Hisfather___died____twoyearsago.他的父親兩年前去世了。2.Hefatherhasbeen___dead_____fortenyears.他的父親已經(jīng)去世兩年了。3.Thisisa__dying____bird.這是一只快死的小鳥。4.Hismother's__death___wasagreatblowtohim他母親的去世對他是一個巨大的打擊。考點14辨析runout與runoutofButwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.runout表示“用盡；耗盡”但是當他的水喝完的時候，他知道他將不得不做點事情來挽救自己的生命。runoutrunout后面不能（能/不能）接物品（賓語），主語通常為物（人/物），構成sth.runout.runoutof后面能（能/不能）接物品（賓語），主語通常為人（人/物），構成sb.runoutofsth.，=useup例句：Hehasrunoutofmoneyandhispatienceisalsorunningout.他的錢已經(jīng)花完了，他的耐心也要耗盡了。1.WhenTom’sexperience___B_____,heknewhehadtodosomethingeffectivetosavehislife.A.ranoutof B.ranout C.usedup D.usedas2.Don’twastewateragain,orwe’ll___C_____itoneday.

A.takeout B.runout C.runoutof D.workout考點15knife的用法和cut的短語總結(jié)Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.于是他用刀子切斷了自己的半條右臂。知識點1：knife意為“刀”，其復數(shù)形式為knives。Eg.Itisdangerousforchildrentouseknives.兒童用刀很危險?！就卣寡由臁恳詅或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時，要把f/feveswife（妻子）——__wives__self（自己）——__selves__knife（刀）——__knives__life（生命）——__lives___half（一半）——__halves__leaf（葉子）——__leaves__知識點2：cutoff表示“切除；剪掉”，是由“動詞+副詞”構成的短語考點：名詞放后面，代詞放中間例句：Marycutoffsomeflowersfromthebush.瑪麗從灌木叢中剪下一些花。Theyhadtocutitoff.他們不得不把它切下來?！就卣寡由臁颗ccut相關的短語：cutup切碎cutdown砍倒；削減cutin插嘴cutout刪除；刪掉考點16辨析sothat與suchthat...hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.用繃帶為自己包扎了傷口，免得失血過多。意為“以便；為了”，引導目的狀語從句，=inorderthat。sothat引導目的狀語從句時，從句常出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動詞may/

might/can/

could等【拓展延伸】重點：so......that與such......that的用法soso+形容詞/副詞+thatsuch+a/an+形容詞+名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch+形容詞+名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that如此……以至于……1.The

teacher

speaks

very

loudly

____A____

all

the

students

can

hear

her.

A.

so

that

B.

because

C.

since

D.

when

2.Theyspoke__B_____quietly_________Icouldhardlyhearthem.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.neither;norD.both;and3.StorySignis____B____ausefulapp_________itcanmakeiteasierfordeafchildren.A.so;that B.such;that C.too;todo D.as;as考點17mean的用法Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.書名的意思是“處于一個你似乎無法擺脫的困倦之中”。mean作動詞，意為“意思是；意味著；打算；意欲”，其過去式為meant。常用搭配：meandoingsth.“意味著做某事”meantodosth.“打算做某事”例句：Aredtrafficlightmeansstop.紅色交通信號燈表示停下。Itmeanswastingmoretime.那意味著浪費更多的時間。ImeanttogototheexhibitionbutIforgot.我本打算去參觀展覽，但忘了?？键c18與up有關的短語Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmountainstoday.阿倫在這起事故之后沒有放棄，現(xiàn)在仍堅持登山。giveup表示“放棄”，后可接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語。giveupdoingsth.“放棄做某事”【拓展延伸】“動詞+up”結(jié)構的短語：cheerup使……振作pickup撿起；開車接；接putup舉起；張貼；搭建takeup占用；開始從事stayup熬夜useup用完；耗盡1.Asweknow，manysuccessfulpeoplenever___D_____nomatterwhatdifficultiesthey’vehad.A.stayupB.cheerupC.takeupD.giveup2.—Don’tsmokeanymore.It’sbadforyourhealth.—I’mtryingto____B____.Butyouknowit’sreallyhard.A.giveupitB.giveitupC.giveupthemD.givethemup3.Thedoctorsadvisedmygrandfathertogiveup__smoking____(smoke).考點19與lie有關的用法動詞躺，存在lielaylainlying撒謊lieliedliedlying下蛋，放置laylaidlaidlaying可數(shù)名詞謊言，假話lielies短語：tellalie撒謊lietosb.對某人撒謊單元作文單元作文Unit1What’sthematter?假如你是李華，你的朋友Jack感冒了。請你根據(jù)以下要點給他提出建議并給他發(fā)一封郵件。要點：(1)測量一下體溫，去看醫(yī)生，好好休息，按時服藥；(2)多喝熱水，遠離垃圾食品，多吃健康食物；(3)養(yǎng)成健康的生活習慣，早睡早起。DearJack,I’msorrytohearthatyouhaveacold.Areyoufeelingbettersoon?Inmyopinions,youshouldtakeyourtemperatureandgotoseeadoctor.You’dbetterliedownandrest.Don’tforgettotakemedicineontime.It’sbestforyoutodrinkmorehotwater.Youshouldn’teatjunkfood.Youneedtoeathealthyfood.It’sagoodideatokeephealthylivinghabits.Pleasego