考研真題：《英語二》2023年考試真題與參考答案

考研真題：《英語二》2023年考試真題與參考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Here'sacommonscenariothatanynumberofentrepreneursfacetoday:you're

theCEOofasmallbusinessandthoughyou'remakinganice1,youneedtofinda

waytotakeittothenextlevel,whatyouneedtodois2growthbyestablishinga

growthteam.Agrowthteamismadeupofmembersfromdifferentdepartments

withinyourcompany,anditharnessesthepowerofcollaborationtofocus3onfi

ndingwaystogrow.

Let'slookatareal-world4.Priortoformingagrowthteam,thesoftwarecompany

BitTorrenthad50employees.Workinginthe5departmentsofengineering,marketing

andproductdevelopment.Thisbroughtthemgoodresultsuntil2012,whentheir

growthplateaued.The6wasthattoomanycustomerswereusingthebasic,free

versionoftheirproduct.And7improvementstothepremium,paidversion,few

peopleweremakingtheupgrade.

Thingschanged,8,whenaninnovativeprojectmarketingmanagercameaboard,

9agrowthteamandsparkedthekindof10perspectivetheyneeded.Bylookingat

engineeringissuesfromamarketingpointofview,itbecameclearthatthe11of

upgradeswasn'tduetoaqualityissue.Mostcustomersweresimplyunawareofthe

premiumversionandwhat計offered.

Armedwiththis12,themarketingandengineeringteamsjoinedforcestoraise

i

awarenessbyprominently13thepremiumversiontousersofthefreeversion.14,

upgradesskyrocketed,andrevenueincreasedby92percent.

Butinorderforyourgrowth,teamtosucceed,計needstoahaveastrongleader.It

needssomeonewhocan15theinterdisciplinaryteamandkeepthemoncoursefor

improvement.

Thisleaderwill16thetargetarea,setcleargoalsandestablishatimeframeforthe17

ofthesegoals.Thisgrowthleaderisalso18forkeepingtheteamfocusonmoving

forwardandsteerthemdearofdistractions.19attractive,newideascanbe

distracting,theteamleadermustrecognizewhentheseideasdon't20thecurrent

goalandneedtobeputonthebackburner.

1.A.purchaseB.profitC.connectionD.bet

2.A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate

3.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially

4.A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example

5.A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional

6.A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem

7.A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides

8.A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again

9.A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed

10.A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal

11.A.endB.burdenC.lackD.decrease

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12.A.policyB.suggestionC.purposeD.insight

13.A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring

14.A.AsaresultB.AtanyrateC.BythewayD.Inasense

15.A.uniteB.financeC.followD.choose

16.A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden

17.A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment

18.A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable

19.A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless

20.A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter

答案解析：

[1]B.profit原文提到"小公司的CE。也掙到了大錢"。makeaniceprofit意為“掙得

可觀的利潤”，故選profile

[2]C.prioritize原文提到"所需要做的是通過建立一個發(fā)展小組來優(yōu)先促進(jìn)增長”。此處

強(qiáng)調(diào)"優(yōu)先性"，故選prioritizeo

[3]A.exclusively原文提到"利用合作的力量來專注于專門尋找增長的方法”。exclusively

表示"獨占地，專門地”，符合題意。

[41D.example原文提到"來看一個現(xiàn)實生活中的例子"，此處通過舉例子來例證上文的

觀點，故選example。

[5]D.traditional原文提到“50名雇員在工程、市場營銷與產(chǎn)品研發(fā)等傳統(tǒng)部門工作”。

traditional表示"傳統(tǒng)的"，符合題意。

[6]D.problem原文提到"問題是太多的顧客可以免費(fèi)使用其產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)免費(fèi)版本”。上

3

文指出最開始卓有成就，但后來陷入了瓶頸期，所以，此處應(yīng)銜接具有產(chǎn)生什么樣的問題。

故選problemo

[7JA.despite原文提到“雖然對于付費(fèi)版本做出了一定的改善，但是幾乎沒有人進(jìn)行升級”。

此處前后形成讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，故選despite。

[8]B.however原文提到“但是自從一位創(chuàng)新的海外經(jīng)理人的到來使得事情發(fā)生了改變”。

此處考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，上文指出改善沒有得到公眾的買賬，而海外人才的引入?yún)s改變

了這一些，所以，此處應(yīng)填入轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞，故選however。

[9]B.created原文提到“這名經(jīng)理人創(chuàng)建了發(fā)展團(tuán)隊”。此處與首段establishagrowth

team形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選created。

[10]C.fresh原文提到“引發(fā)了一個他們所需要的新鮮視角”。創(chuàng)新人才的加入勢必會給

團(tuán)隊帶來新鮮血液。此處與本段innovative形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選fresh。

[11]C.lack原文提到"缺少升級的原因并不是由質(zhì)量問題多導(dǎo)致，而是大部分消費(fèi)者沒有

這方面的意識”。上文提到很少有消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行升級，所以產(chǎn)品缺少升級，故選lack。

[12]D.insight原文提到“具備這種洞察力，市場營銷和工程部門加入到了團(tuán)隊之中”。此

處與上文freshperspective形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，新鮮的看法預(yù)示著對事情有了更獨到的見解，故

選insighto

[13)C.promoting原文提到"將免費(fèi)版本升級成優(yōu)質(zhì)版本”。此處與后文upgrade形成

語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選promoting□

[14]A.Asaresult原文提到"因此，升級量激增"。此處考查句間的邏輯關(guān)系，由于版本

變得更加優(yōu)質(zhì)，所以選擇升級的人數(shù)數(shù)量在增加，因此應(yīng)填入因果邏輯詞，故選asaresult。

(15]A.unite原文提到"需要一個人來聯(lián)合來自跨學(xué)科的組別”。上文leader一詞提示,

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員工之間需要團(tuán)結(jié)才能成功。unite意為"聯(lián)合"，符合題意。

[16]B.identify原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域”。下文指出設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以在設(shè)立目

標(biāo)之前應(yīng)確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域，故選identify。

[17]D.accomplishment原文提到"建立時間框架賴完成這些目標(biāo)”。上文提到設(shè)立目標(biāo),

所以此處應(yīng)表示實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，故選accomplishment。

[18]B.responsible原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要負(fù)責(zé)去帶領(lǐng)整個團(tuán)隊一起前進(jìn)"。beresponsible

for意為"對……負(fù)責(zé)”，符合題意。

[19]C.while原文提到"雖然很有吸引力，但是新的想法會讓人分心”。此處體現(xiàn)句間的

讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，故選while。

[20]A.serve原文提到“一些想法不能服務(wù)目前的目標(biāo)，并且需要暫時擱置”。即想法和

目標(biāo)無法實現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，所以需要暫停，故選serve。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

21.TheRHSthinksthatplasticgrass_A.isharmfultotheenvironmentB.isahottopic

ingardeningcirclesC.isoverpraisedintheannualshowD.isruiningtheviewofWest

London

[21]A.isharmfultotheenvironment解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問RHS對于plasticgrass

塑料草的看法。通過RHS和plasticgrass定位，鎖定句子"TheRoyalHorticulturalSociety

(RHS),whichrunstheannualshowinwestLondon,saysithasintroducedtheban

5

becauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity."核

心句意“由于塑料草對環(huán)境和生物多樣性造成的破壞，RHS出臺了這項禁令?！蔽恼轮?/p>

becauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.對應(yīng)

A選項isharmfultotheenvironment。damage和harmful為同義改寫。

22.ThepetitionsmentionedinParagraph3revealedthecampaigners!A.

disappointmentwiththeRHS

B.resistancetofakegrassuse

C.angerovertheproposedtax

D.concernaboutrealgrasssupply

[22]B.resistancetofakegrassuse解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干petitions（請愿書）和

campaigners（運(yùn)動領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者）進(jìn)行定位。通過campaigners所在句子"TheRHS'sdecision

comesascampaignerstrytoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfakegrasscauses.w得

知，campaigners試圖提高人們對假草造成的問題的認(rèn)識。下文petitions所在句子，詳細(xì)

說明提升對假草問題的具體方式：Itistryingtoencouragepeopletosigntwopetitions,

onecallingforabanonthesaleofplasticgrassandanothercallingforan

"ecologicaldamage"taxonsuchlawns.即"呼吁禁止銷售塑料草，和呼吁對此類草

坪征收"生態(tài)破壞"稅"。只有B選項resistancetofakegrassuse（對假草使用的抵制），

對定位句進(jìn)行了同義改寫。

23.InParagraph4,supportersoffakegrasspointout_

A.thenecessitytolowerthecostsoffakegrass

B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass

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C.thewaytotakecareofartificiallawns

D.thechallengesofinsecthabitatprotection

[23]B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問假草支持者的

觀點態(tài)度。通過第4段內(nèi)容可概括出“天然草坪也會對環(huán)境造成影響，并且真正的草需要大

量的水、除草劑或其他處理?！敝挥蠦選項thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass（種

植真草的缺點），是對文章的同義概括。

24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdowithregardtoartificialgrass?A.Urgelegislation

torestrictitsuse

B.TakemeasurestoguaranteeitsqualityC.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.D.

Replaceitwithsustainablealternatives.

[24]C.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問"政府會如何處

理人造草？"通過government和artificialgrass定位，從文章中得知"政府沒有計劃禁止

使用人造草，并且人工草地的使用必須遵守現(xiàn)有的法律和政策保障措施。文章中的comply

withthelegalandpolicy（遵守法律和政策）與B選項Reminditsuserstoobeyexisting

rules.（提醒用戶遵守現(xiàn)有規(guī)則。）是同義改寫。

25.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatfakegrassA.isbeingimprovedcontinuously

B.hasseenamarketsharedeclineC.isbecomingincreasingaffordableD.hasbeen

acontroversialproduct

[25]D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct.解析：該題為主旨題，問通過文章可以得出什

么關(guān)于假草的結(jié)論。本題考查對文章主旨和段落大意的把握。文章闡述了RHS,假草支持者,

和政府對于假草的不同態(tài)度，其中RHS禁止假草的使用，而政府表明沒有禁止計劃。各方觀

7

點明確并闡述了理由。因為文章是圍繞fakegrass展開爭議，因為答案是D,是“有爭議性

的產(chǎn)品”。

Text2

26.WhatproblemareUSnationalparksfacedwith?A.Declineofbusinessprofits.

B.Inadequatecommercialization.C.Lackoftransportationservices.D.Poorly

maintainedinfrastructure.

[26]DPoorlymaintainedinfrastructure.解析:該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問美國國家公園面臨著什

么問題，根據(jù)problem,USnationalparks回到原文定位，文中提到："美國國家公園正處

于危機(jī)之中。他們總共有超過120億美元的維護(hù)費(fèi)用積壓下來沒有撥款。"(U.S.national

parksareincrisis.Collectively,theyhaveamaintenancebacklogofmorethan$12

billion.)所以美國國家公園面臨著維護(hù)缺錢的問題，即基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)不良。

27.Increasedprivatizationofthecampgroundsmay.A.spoilvis計orexperienceB.help

preservenatureC.bringoperationalpressureD.boostvisa'stoparks

[27]A.spoilvisitorexperience解析:該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問增加露營地的私有化可能會如何，

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞privatization,thecampgrounds回到原文定位，文中提到："增加私有化肯

定會削弱每年3億游客來公園的主要原因之一:享受自然，從淹沒日常生活的商業(yè)鼓聲中得到

喘息?！?increasedprivatizationwouldcertainlyundercutoneofthemajorreasons

why300millionvisitorscometotheparkseachyear:toenjoynatureandgetarespite

fromthecommercialdrumbeatthatoverwhelms

dailylife.)所以增加露營地的私有化可能會讓游客仍然受到商業(yè)的影響，不能更好地享受自然,

8

即破壞游客體驗。

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,mostrespondentsinthesurveywouldA.gotothe

nationalparksonaregularbasis.

B.advocateabiggerbudgetforthenationalparks.C.agreetopayextraforthe

nationalparks.

D.supportthenationalparks'recentreforms.

[28]C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問調(diào)查中的大

多數(shù)受訪者會如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞respondents,thesurvey回到原文定位，文中提到："約

81%的受訪者表示，他們愿意在未來10年繳納額外的稅款，以避免任何削減國家公園的開

支。"(Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbewillingtopayadditionaltaxes

forthenext10yearstoavoidanycutstothenationalparks.)所以調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪

者會愿意額外繳納稅款，即同意為國家公園支付額外的費(fèi)用。

29.Thenationalparksarevaluableinthatthey

A.leadthewayintourism.B.havehistoricalsignificance.

C.sponsorresearchonclimateD.provideanincomeforthelocals.

【29】B.havehistoricalsignificance.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國家公園很有價值因為它們

怎么樣，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparks,valuable回到原文中定位，文中提到，這些公園

還有助于讓美國的歷史充滿活力，與全國數(shù)千個地方司法機(jī)構(gòu)合作，保護(hù)包括埃利斯島和葛

底斯堡在內(nèi)的歷史遺跡，并讓這些地方的故事變得生動起來。"(Theparksalsohelpkeep

America'spastalive,workingwiththousandsoflocaljurisdictionsaroundthecountry

toprotecthistoricalsites-includingEllisIslandandGettysburg-andtobringthe

9

storiesoftheseplacestolife.)所以國家公園很有價值因為它們有助于讓美國的歷史充滿活

力，保護(hù)歷史遺跡，即有歷史意義。

30.ltcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthenationalparksystemA.isabletocope

withstaffshortage.B.isabletomeetvisitor,sdemands.

C.isinneedofanewpricepolicy.

D.isinneedofafundingincrease.

[30]D.isinneedofafundingincrease.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國家公園體系如何，

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparksystem回到原文中定位，文中提到："國會每年只給國家公

園系統(tǒng)撥款30億美元——這一數(shù)額自2001年以來一直沒有變化(以通貨膨脹調(diào)整后的美元

計算)，除了2009年作為奧巴馬刺激計劃一部分的一次增加。與此同時，自1980年以來，

每年的游客數(shù)量增長了50%以上,現(xiàn)在每年達(dá)到3.3億人次?！?Congressallocatesonly$3

billionayeartothenationalparksystem-anamountthathasbeenflatsince2001

(ininflation-adjusteddollars)withtheexceptionofaonetimeboostin2009aspartof

theObamastimuluspackage.Meanwhile,thenumberofannualvis計。rshas

increasedbymorethan50%since1980,andnowstandsat330millionvisitorsperyear.)

可以得知，國家公園體系得到的撥款每年基本上保持不變，然而參觀公園的游客再增長，所

以國家公園體系需要撥款資金的增加。

Text3

31.Sparrow'sstudyshowthatwiththeInternet,thehumanbrainwill

A.analyzeinformationindetail

io

B.collectinformationefficiently

C.sw計ch計sfocusofmemoryD.extenditsmemoryduration

[31]C.switchitsfocusofmemory解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Sparrow的研究表明在互聯(lián)

網(wǎng)時代，人類大腦會怎樣。通過Sparrow定位，最終鎖定第一段最后一句，即對研究結(jié)論的

表“humanmemoryisnotdeterioratingbut"adaptingtonewcommunications

technology,"人類的記憶并沒有退化，而是“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”。CD選項都提到了

memory,C是轉(zhuǎn)換大腦記憶焦點，D是延長大腦記憶時間。文章中的"適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)"

對應(yīng)C選項"轉(zhuǎn)換焦點?！保虼舜鸢甘荂。

32.TheprocessofKcognitiveoffloading"__A.helpsusidentifyfalseinformation

B.keepsourmemoryfromfailingC.enablesustoclassifytrivialfactsD.lessensour

memoryburdens

[32]D.lessensourmemoryburdens解析：該題為名田節(jié)題，通過cogn計iveoffloading

定位。文章描述"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在成為我們記憶的外部硬盤，這一過程被稱為"cognitive

offloading”。傳統(tǒng)上，這一角色是由數(shù)據(jù)庫、圖書館和其他人類完成的。例如，你的父親

可能永遠(yuǎn)不會記得生日，因為你的母親會記得?！奔碿ognitiveoffloading可以幫助儲存

部分記憶，即對應(yīng)D選項"減輕我們的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)”。

33.WhichofthefollowingwouldSparrowssupportabouttheInternet?A.Itmay

reformourlearningapproachB.Itmayimpactoursocietynegatively

C.ItmayenhanceouradaptabilitytotechnologyD.Itmayinterferewithour

conceptualthinking

[33]A.Itmayreformourlearningapproach解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過Sparrows進(jìn)

11

行定位，本句話表明了Sparrows的觀點：Kthetrendwillchangeourapproachto

learningfromafocusonindividualfactsandmemorizationtoanemphasisonmore

conceptualthinking"“也許，她建議，這一趨勢將改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，從關(guān)注個人事

實和記憶轉(zhuǎn)變，變?yōu)殛P(guān)注更多的概念思維”。A選項Itmayreformourlearning

approach（它可能會改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式）是對文章的同義改寫。

34.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thathowtheInternetaffectsourbrains_

A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch

B.ismoststudiedinolderadults

C.isreflectedinourreadingspeed

D.dependsonourweb-surfinghabits

【34】A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch解析:該題為推斷題。段首句明確表示“還

有其他專家表示，現(xiàn)在了解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何影響我們的大腦還為時過早。"。A選項"需要進(jìn)一

步的學(xué)術(shù)研究”是對文章的同義改寫。

35.NeitherSparrowsnorStormwouldagreethat_

A.ourrelianceontheInternetwillbecostly

B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory

C.memoryexerciseisamustforourbrains

D.ourabilitytofucusdeclineswithage

[35]B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory解析：該題為觀點對比，問Sparrows和

Storm都不會同意什么。Sparrows認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，Storm在文章最后

一段表明觀點。"Theremaybecostsassociatedwithourincreasedrelianceonthe

12

Internet,butI'dhavetoimaginethatoverallthebenefitsaregoingtooutweighthose

costs,""我們對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的依賴增加可能會帶來一些成本，但我不得不想象，總的來說，收益

將超過這些成本。"，因為Storm也支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。即兩人都沒有認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有害，對應(yīng)B選

項theInternetisweakeningourmemory,即都不會認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在削弱我們的記憶。

Text4

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,childrengrowingintoadolescencetendto.A.develop

oppositepersonalitytraits.

B.seetheworldinanunreasonableway.C.havefondmemoriesoftheirpast.D.show

affectionfortheirparents.

[36)A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往

往會如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children,adolescence回到原文中定位，文中提到：“在青春期，

無助和依賴成年人的孩子成為獨立的人，他們可以照顧自己，互相幫助。與此同時，曾經(jīng)快

樂順從的孩子變成了叛逆的冒險家，往往到了自我毀滅的地步。(Inadolescence,helpless

anddependentchildrenwhohavereliedongrown-upsforjustabouteverything

becomeindependentpeoplewhocantakecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.

Atthesametime,oncecheerfulandcompliantchildrenbecomerebelliousteenage

risk-takers,oftentothepointofseRdestruction.)所以進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往發(fā)展出相反

的人格特征。

37.ltcanbelearnedformParagraph2thatCrone'sstudyA.exploresteenagers'

socialresponsibilities.B.examinesteenagers'emotionalproblems.C.providesa

13

newinsightintoadolescence.D.highlightsnegativeadolescentbehavior.

[37]C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Crone的研

究如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone，sstudy回到原文中定位，文中提到：“這項研究是對青春期

思考的新浪潮的一部分。很長一段時間以來，科學(xué)家和政策制定者都認(rèn)為青少年是一個需要

解決的問題。這項新研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，青春期是一個充滿機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險的時期。w(Thestudyispartof

anewwaveofthinkingaboutadolescence.Foralongtime,scientistsandpolicy

makersconcentratedontheideathatteenagerswereaproblemthatneededtobe

solved.Thenewworkemphasizesthatadolescenceisatimeofopportunityaswellas

risk.)所以Crone的研究和以往對于青春期的思考不一樣，即為青春期提供了一個新的見解。

38.WhatdoesCrone'sstudyfindaboutprosocialbehavior?A.Itresultsfromthewish

tocooperate.

B.ltiscultivatedthrougheducation.

C.ltissubjecttofamilyinfluence.

D.lttendstopeakinadolescence.

[381D.lttendstopeakinadolescence.：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問關(guān)于親社會的行為，

Crone的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone'sstudy,prosocialbehavior回到原文中

定位，文中提到："有趣的是，這項新研究表明，親社會行為也存在同樣的模式。青少年比

年幼的兒童或成年人更有可能報告他們做過無私地幫助朋友等事情。"(thenewstudy

showsthat,interestingly,thesamepatternholdsfor

prosocialbehavior.Teenagersweremorelikelythanyoungerchildrenoradultsto

reportthattheydidthingslikeunselfishlyhelpafriend.)所以相比幼童和成人，青少年更

14

容易做出親社會的行為，即親社會的行為往往在青春期達(dá)到頂峰。

39.ltcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatteenagersA.overstresstheir

influenceonothers.

B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.

C.becomeanxiousabouttheirfuture.

D.endeavortoliveajoyfullife.

[39]B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.解析:該題為推理題，問青少年如何,文中

提到："青少年對社會獎勵特別敏感——贏得比賽，給新朋友留下深刻印象，讓那個男孩注

意至你。"(Teenagersareparticularlysensitivetosocialrewards-winningthegame,

impressinganewfriend,gettingthatboytonoticeyou.)這些都是說青少年在乎社會獎

勵，即社會認(rèn)可。

40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.B.Why

teenagersaresensitive.

C.Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.D.Howteenagersbecomeindependent.

[40]A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.解析：該題為主旨題，第一段開頭提到青

少年是矛盾的，中間部分通過實驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn)主要討論青少年自相矛盾的表現(xiàn)，最后部分探討

了青少年自相矛盾產(chǎn)生的原因。所以這篇文章主要討論了青少年為什么是自相矛盾的。

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumnto

15

itscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesinthe

rightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Newbuildingregulationsaimedatimprovingenergyefficiencyaresettoincrease

thepriceofnewhomes,aswellasthoseofextensionsandloftconversionsonexisting

ones.

Therules,whichcameintoeffectonWednesdayinEngland,arepartofgovernment

planstoreducetheUK'scarbonemissionstonetzeroby2050.Theysetnew

standardsforventilation,energyefficiencyandheating,andstatethatnew

residentialbuildingsmusthavechargingpointsforelectricvehicles.

Themovesarethemostsignificantchangetobuildingregulationsinyears,and

industryexpertssaytheywillinevitablyleadtohigherpricesatatimewhenashortage

ofmaterialsandhighlabourcostsisalreadydrivingupbills.

BrianBerry,chiefexecutiveoftheFederationofMasterBuilders,atradegroupfor

smallandmedium-sizedbuilders,saysthemeasureswillrequirenewmaterials,testing

methods,productsandsystemstobeinstalled."Allthiscomesatanincreasedcost

duringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.Inevitably,consumerswillhavetopay

more,“hesays.

GarethBelsham,ofsurveyorsNaismiths,sayspeoplewhoareupgrading,orextending

theirhome,willbedirectlyaffected.

“Thebiggestchangesrelatetoheatingandinsulation/'hesays."Therearenew

rulesconcerningtheamountofglazingusedinextensions,andanynewwindowsor

16

doorsmustbehighlyinsulated.M

Thechangescouldmeananextra￡3,000addedtothebillofanaveragehome

extension,accordingtoJonathanRolandeoftheNationalAssociationofProperty

Buyers,agroupofprofessionalsaimedatraisingconstructionstandards.

Homeownersextendingmayseetheamountofspacetheyhavedecrease,aswalls

willhavetobethickerinordertocomplyw計hrequirementsforbe甘erinsulation.

AndrewMellor,ofPRParchitects,saysexternalwallswillneedtobeabout7cmthicker

thanpreviously.

Windowsanddoorswillhavetoadheretohigherstandards,whiletherearenewlimits

ontheamountofglazingyoucanhavetoreduceunwantedheatfromthesun.

ThomasGoodman,ofMyJobQuote,as計ewhichsourcesquotes,saysthiswillbringin

newrestrictionsforextensions.

"Glazingonwindows,doorsandrooflightsmustcovernomorethan25%ofthefloor

areatopreventheatloss,Hhesays.

Aspropertiesbecomemoreairtight,therearealsomeasurestoensureproperairflow,

suchashavingsmallopenings(tricklevents)onwindowsthatallowventilationwhen

awindowisclosed.

Forpeopleextendingtheirhomes,theymayberequiredtoinstallanew,or

replacement,heatingsystemdependingonthesizeofthebuild,saysBelsham.These

willhavetouselowertemperaturewatertodeliverthesameheat,whichwillrequire

increasedinsulationofpipes.

17

"We'IIseemoreinsulation,be甘erlightingdesignandrestrictionsontheamountof

glassusedinsomeareas.Butwithmorethermal-efficienthomescancometheriskof

overheatingduetosolargain,andsoventilationisalsocovered,“saysRolande."As

aresult,double-glazedwindowswillrequiretrickleventstoletheatescapeandalso

toprovidefreshairforhealthreasonsand,ofcourse,toreducetheriskof

condensationbuildupinanever-moreairtightproperty."

AstherulescameintoeffectlastWednesday,propertydeveloperswererushingto

fileplansjustbeforethedeadline,accordingtoBelsham.Anyplanssubmittedbefore

thatdateareconsideredtobeunderthepreviousrules,andcangoaheadaslong

asworkstartsbefore15Junenextyear.

Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcostthankstothe

newregs

Builderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenotfiledthepaperwork,mayneedto

gobackandsubmitfreshestimates,saysMarcusJeffordofBuildAviator,whichprices

projects.

Asthechangesareaimedtomakehomesmoreenergyefficient,theywilleventually

drivedownheatingbills.Butintheshort-termhomeownersarelikelytofacehigher

costsforwork.

Materialspricesarealreadyup25%inthelasttwoyears,accordingtofiguresfromthe

ConstructionProductsAssociation.

Howmuchoverallpriceswillincreaseasaresultoftherulechangesisnotclear.

18

"Whileadmirableintheirintentions,theywilladdtothecostofhousebuildingata

timewhenmanyalreadyfeelthattheyarepricedoutofhomeownership,Msays

Rolande."Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcost

thankstothenewregs.”

JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslawfirm,believespriceswilleventually

comedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture."Asthemarketplaceadaptstothe

newrequirements,andthetechnologiesthatsupportthem,thescalingupofthese

technologieswilleventuallybringcostsdown,butintheshortterm,wewillallhaveto

paythepriceofthenecessarytransition,"hesays.

However,thelong-termeffectsofthechangeswillbemorecomfortableandenergy-

efficienthomes,addsMellor.^Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcostovertime

inenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthemoment,buttheywillhave

thatbenefitovertime."

[A]Theriseofhomepricesisatemporaryma甘er.

[B]Builderspossiblyneedtosubmitnewestimatesoftheir

41.BrainBerry

projects.

[C]Therewillbespecificlimitsonhomeextensionsto

42.GarethBelsham

preventheatloss.

[D]Thenewruleswilltakehomepricestoanevenhigher

43.MarcusJefford

level.

[E]Manypeoplefeelthathomepricesarealreadybeyond

44.JohnKelly

whattheycanafford.

[F]Thenewruleswillaffectpeoplewhosehomeextensions

45.AndrewMellor

includenewwindowsordoors.

[G]Therulechangeswillbenefithomeownerseventually.

19

答案解析:

[41]D.Thenewruleswilltakehomepricestoanevenhigherlevel.根據(jù)題干Brian

Berry進(jìn)行定位,原文提到KAIIthiscomesatanincreasedcostduringatimewhen

pricesarealreadyskyhigh.,),即在價格已經(jīng)高得離譜的時候，所有這些都會增加成本。對

于消費(fèi)者而言，新政策的發(fā)布會讓原本就很高的房價繼續(xù)攀高。D項為原文的同義改寫，故

D項正確。

[42]F.Thenewruleswillaffectpeoplewhosehomeextensionsincludenew

windowsordoors.根據(jù)題干GarethBelsham進(jìn)行定位，原文提到"peoplewhoare

upgrading,orextendingtheirhome,willbedirectlyaffected”,即考慮升級或者擴(kuò)建房

屋的人們會受到影響。F項為原文的同義改寫，故F項正確。

[43]B.Builderspossiblyneedtosubmitnewestimatesoftheirprojects.根據(jù)題干

MarcusJefford定位定位，原文提至ij"Builderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenot

filedthepaperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfreshestimates",即已經(jīng)估算

項目成本但尚未提交文件的建筑商可能需要回去提交新的估算。B項為原文的同義改寫，故B

項正確。

[44]A.Theriseofhomepricesisatemporarymatter才艮據(jù)JohnKelly進(jìn)行定位，原文

提至ij“JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslawfirm,believespriceswill

eventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture.H,即房價最終一定會下降，但

并不是在短期之內(nèi)。所以，房價的下跌只是一個時間問題。A項為原文的同義改寫，故A項

正確。

[45]G.Therulechangeswillbenefithomeownerseventually.根據(jù)AndrewMellor進(jìn)