適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復習高考題型組合練Unit2Lessonsinlife課件外研版選擇性必修第四冊

Unit2

LessonsinlifeⅠ.閱讀理解ⅠⅡⅢAAasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizeandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(擰)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.ⅠⅡⅢ“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt.“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”O(jiān)therstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages—madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分離)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ⅠⅡⅢArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.ⅠⅡⅢ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在Carson

Middle

School八年級的機械工程課上,學生們不僅學會了通過對現(xiàn)有設備進行改造使周圍人的生活更加便利,而且還學會了站在他人的角度思考問題,關心他人的需求。ⅠⅡⅢ1.WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A.Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B.Shewasinterestedinengineering.C.Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D.Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.答案

D

解析

推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知,Aasritha要發(fā)明一種新的開瓶裝置是因為她想幫助她的祖母。故選D項。ⅠⅡⅢ2.Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A.Workingwithothers.B.Conductingfieldexperiments.C.Understandingothers’feelings.D.Communicatingwithproductusers.答案

C

解析

細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中的“They

also

learned

to

look

at

problems

from

another’s

point

of

view”可知,該課程教會學生們理解他人的感受,故選C項。ⅠⅡⅢ3.Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A.Withtheaidofaguidebook.B.Throughtrialanderror.C.Withthehelpofclassmates.D.Underthedetailedinstructions.答案

B

解析

推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的“Rather

than

require

step-by-step

directions

for

creating

their

projects,Bolt

preferred

to

leave

students’

creative

paths

open.”可知,學生是通過自主探索、試驗來完成創(chuàng)造的,故選B項。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aninspiringclass. B.Anexcellentteacher.C.Somescientificmethods. D.Sometalentedstudents.答案

A

解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,尤其是第一段內(nèi)容和第三段中的“Students

in

the

class

used

more

than

their

math,physics

and

tool

skills.They

also

learned

to

look

at

problems

from

another’s

point

of

view”可知,文章主要講述Carson

Middle

School八年級的機械工程課幫助學生們創(chuàng)造了一些設備,同時教會學生從他人角度思考問題,因此文章主要講述了一門有啟發(fā)性的課。故選A項。ⅠⅡⅢBYoudrinkdietsodaenjoyingthesweettastewithouttheguiltofcalories.Butscientistshavelongsuspectedalinkbetweenartificialsweeteners(甜味劑)andobesityinhumans.Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.Theymaynotonlydisturbthemicrobes(微生物)livinginthebodiesofhumans,butsomemayevenincreasetheriskofweightgain.Everyhumanhostsauniquegroupofmicrobes.Thenumberofcellsthatmakeupthisvastcommunity,calledmicrobiome(微生物群),isextremelylargeinthehumanbody.Itnotonlyhelpsdigestionbutalsoprotectsagainstdiseases.ⅠⅡⅢThedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.Thiscausesanimbalanceinmicrobialpopulationsthatcanleadtodiseases.Inthestudy,scientistsfirstchose1,375volunteerstoseeiftheyconsumedartificialsweetenersintheirdailylives.Then,theyidentified120volunteerswhowerenotpreviouslyexposedtoartificialsweetenersandgavethemoneofthefourcommonlyusedsweeteners—saccharin,sucralose,aspartame,andsteviafortwoweeks.Afterthat,totesthowartificialsweetenersaffectthebody’sabilitytocontrolthesuddenincreaseofbloodsugarafterconsumingsugaraspartofmeals,volunteersweremonitoredforbloodglucose(血糖)levelsafteratestglucosedrink.ⅠⅡⅢThestudyshowedthatsucraloseandsaccharinpushedthebodytowardsglucoseintolerance,which,ifsustained,cancauseweightgain.However,aspartameandsteviadidnotaffectglucosetoleranceatthetestedlevels.“Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthehumanmicrobiomerespondstoartificialsweeteners.It’salsoaconvincingstudytoshowhowthesesweetenersreallyareaffectingthehumanbody,”saysMichaelGoran,aprofessoratChildren’sHospitalLosAngeles.ⅠⅡⅢ“Thisstudyprovidesevidenceofbothshort-termharmfuleffectsandlong-termnegativeeffectscausedbyartificialsweeteners,”DavidKatz,anutritionspecialist,says.“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工甜味劑并非像人們曾經(jīng)以為的那樣無害。

ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatdoesthenewstudyreveal?A.Dietsodacontainsmorecaloriesthansugarydrinks.B.Exercisecanhelppeoplereducetheriskofdiseases.C.Artificialsweetenershavenegativeeffectsonhumans.D.Obesityisthemostcommonhealthproblemamongadults.答案

C

解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A

new

study

suggests

that

artificial

sweeteners

may

not

be

as

harmless

as

once

thought.”可知,之前人們認為喝無糖飲料無害健康,而這項新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味劑是有害健康的。故選C項。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Howdosweetenersdisturbthemicrobiome?A.Itprobablydestroysthefunctionofdigestion.B.Itusuallycausesarapidlossofhealthycells.C.Itsometimesfeedsharmfulbacteriainthebody.D.Itoftenleadstoasharpgrowthofcertainmicrobes.答案

D

解析

細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“The

disturbance

to

the

microbiome

occurs

because

artificial

sweeteners,although

zero

calories

for

humans,serve

as

nutrients

for

some

microbes,which

then

increase

rapidly.”可知,甜味劑為某種微生物提供營養(yǎng),使它數(shù)量猛增,影響菌群平衡。故選D項。ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whichaspectoftheexperimentistalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Itsresults.B.Itsprocess.C.Itsbackground.D.Itssubjects.答案

B

解析

細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“In

the

study,scientists

first

chose...Then,they

identified...and

gave

them...After

that,to

test...”可知,本段主要說了實驗的過程。故選B項。ⅠⅡⅢ8.WhatdoesDavidKatzadvisepeopletodo?A.Introduceataxonsugarydrinks.B.Bantheuseofartificialsweeteners.C.Raisethepricesofsugar-freedrinks.D.Findotherwaystolimitsugarintake.答案

D

解析

細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“That

does

not

mean

artificial

sweeteners

should

be

replaced

with

sugar.Rather,alternative

approaches

to

reducing

sugar

intake

should

be

considered.”可知,David建議人們不要再喝有人工甜味劑的飲料,也不建議喝含糖飲料,而是應該思考別的減少糖分攝入的方法。故選D項。ⅠⅡⅢCAnumberofrecentstudiesoffamiliesinseveralAsiancountrieshelptoshedlightonhowgrandparentsareinvolvedincoparenting,whichresearchersdefineasthesharingofchildcareandupbringingresponsibilityamongtwoormoreadults.Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.ResearcherLiXiaoweiandhercoworkersrecentlyexploredparent-grandparentcoparentinginChina,whereitisverycommon.Intheir2019study,nearly180mothersofpreschoolerscompletedquestionnaires(問卷調(diào)查)abouttheircoparenting.Themajorityoffamilieslivedinthree-generationalhouseholds,and80%offamilieshadonlyonechild.ⅠⅡⅢThequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.Theresearchersalsomeasuredhowcompetentmothersfeltinusingparentingstrategiesandteachingtheirchildrenage-appropriateskills.Thefindings?Motherswhohadstrongcoparentingrelationshipswithgrandparentstendedtofeelmoreeffectiveintheirroleasaparent,and,inturn,theirchildrentendedtobemoresociallycompetent.That’sbecausegrandparents,withtheirrichexperience,canprovidesupport,rolemodeling,andencouragementwhentheyraisechildren,whichcouldinfluencehowⅠⅡⅢcompetentmothersfeelintheirparentingrole.Andwhenmothersarefeelingmoreconfident,theycanapproachparentingwithmorepositivity,whichcanboosttheirchildren’ssocialdevelopment.Parent-grandparentcoparentingalsoseemstoinfluenceotheraspectsofchildren’sdevelopment,suchaspreschoolers’effortfulcontrol—theirabilitytoregulatehowtheyrespondtoasituationandnoticenoveltyormistakes.Forpreschoolers,itmightcomeintoplaywhentheygetagifttheydon’tlike,orhavetofigureouthowtosharetoys.ⅠⅡⅢThisresearchongrandparentshighlightsthathandlingthecoparentingrelationshipisnotwithoutitschallenges.Butgrandparents’involvementinchildren’supbringingcanbringgreatbenefitsforfamiliesandgrandparentsthemselves.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于“孩子的祖父母與孩子的父母共同撫養(yǎng)孩子”的現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):當孩子的父母與祖父母關系密切時,這種共同撫養(yǎng)關系會使孩子受益。ⅠⅡⅢ9.Whatmightbeincludedinthequestionnaire?A.Grandparents’agegap.B.Thesupportgrandparentsgive.C.Theincomethefamilyhave.D.Grandparents’attitudetoeducation.答案

B

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“The

questionnaire

asked

about

positive

aspects

of

the

parent-grandparent

coparenting

relationship,like

how

much

they

agreed

and

felt

close

as

well

as

challenging

aspects

like

how

much

they

had

conflict

in

front

of

the

child.”可知,問卷調(diào)查涉及共同撫養(yǎng)關系中積極的方面,由此推斷祖父母給予的支持屬于積極的方面。ⅠⅡⅢ10.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Parentsandgrandparentscangetalongwell.B.Mothers’abilityhasaneffectontheirchildren.C.Goodcoparentingrelationshipsbenefitchildren.D.Parent-grandparentcoparentingisbecomingpopular.答案

C

解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)良好的共同撫養(yǎng)關系會讓孩子受益。ⅠⅡⅢ11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Effortfulcontrol.B.Theresponse.C.Thedevelopment.D.Themistake.答案

A

解析

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段畫線詞前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖父母的共同養(yǎng)育會影響孩子的努力控制能力,因此當孩子收到不喜歡的禮物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具時,這種控制力可能就會發(fā)揮作用。所以代詞it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。ⅠⅡⅢ12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheTrendofCoparentingIsCatchingoninAsiaB.HowYoungParentsThinkofGrandparents’HelpC.CoparentingRelationshipsAreBecomingComfortableD.WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildren答案

D

解析

主旨大意題。文章在首段末句“These

studies

suggest

that

children

benefit

when

parents

have

strong

relationships

with

coparenting

grandparents.”提出調(diào)查結(jié)果:在孩子的祖父母與父母關系良好的情況下,共同撫養(yǎng)對孩子是有益的;然后詳細介紹了這項調(diào)查,最后在文章末尾再次重申這個觀點,由此推斷D選項“What

Happens

When

Grandparents

Help

Raise

Children”可以作為最佳標題。Ⅱ.完形填空ⅠⅡⅢGrowingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle

1

toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven

2

theentireevening.SoI

3

thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable

4

inmylife.

5

,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto

6

withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave

7

careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it

8

thebalanceofourfamily.

ⅠⅡⅢApartfromsufferingfrom

9

,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydo?Ithinkwecanalltryto

10

ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto

11

andchatlaterthatday,

12

settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch

13

.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson

14

himtomakethebreakfast.

Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe

15

someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞“共享親子時光”這一話題展開,體現(xiàn)親情的可貴。ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.widened B.formedC.lessened D.closed2.A.missed B.avoidedC.enjoyed D.recorded1.答案

A

解析

根據(jù)下文“to

include

relatives

stopping

by”可知,家里的用餐規(guī)模會擴大,以容納這些來訪的親戚。2.答案

A

解析

根據(jù)空前“parents

got

home

after

dinner

or

even...”可知,此處和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關系,即父母會在晚飯時間之后回家,甚至是錯過一整個晚上。ⅠⅡⅢ3.A.wasted B.treasuredC.limited D.calculated4.A.shows B.dishesC.recipes D.moments3.答案

B

解析

設空處上文提到“I

knew

some

friends

whose

parents

got

home

after

dinner

or

even

the

entire

evening”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的親子時光。

4.答案

D

解析

根據(jù)空前的“quality

time”可知,餐桌旁見證了“我”人生中無數(shù)珍貴的瞬間。ⅠⅡⅢ5.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Besides6.A.sleep B.dineC.study D.play5.答案

A

解析

結(jié)合空前“kitchen

table,which

witnessed

countless

valuable

in

my

life”與下文“They

have

been

left

to

with

babysitters”可知,作者小時候可以和父母共進晚餐,但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐,因此形成轉(zhuǎn)折關系。

6.答案

B

解析

全文圍繞“一家人共進晚餐”這個話題展開,所以這里指“吃飯”。ⅠⅡⅢ7.A.suitable B.flexibleC.satisfying D.demanding8.A.maintains B.disturbsC.improves D.strikes7.答案

D

解析

設空前的內(nèi)容是作者和丈夫無法陪孩子共進晚餐,空后內(nèi)容是他們經(jīng)常晚餐時間后才結(jié)束工作,由此推知,作者和丈夫有著要求很高的工作。8.答案

B

解析

根據(jù)上文“And

we

often

end

up

staying

at

the

office

way

past

dinnertime.When

this

happens

too

often”可知,當父母總是無法陪孩子用餐時,就會打亂家中的平衡。ⅠⅡⅢ9.A.fear B.angerC.guilt D.hunger10.A.predict B.createC.evaluate D.accept9.答案

C

解析

聯(lián)系上文“They

have

been

left

to

with

babysitters

more

times

than

I

would

like

to

admit.”可知,“我”因不能與孩子共進晚餐而感到愧疚。

10.答案

B

解析

根據(jù)下文“chat...bedtime

reading”和“‘big

breakfast’routine

every

Saturday”可知,作者是在創(chuàng)造自己的方式與孩子度過親子時光。ⅠⅡⅢ11.A.workout B.calmdownC.holdon D.catchup12.A.unwillingly B.casuallyC.consciously D.carelessly11.答案

D

解析

根據(jù)空前“there

are

days

when

I’m

too

busy

to

share

a

meal

with

my

family”可知,有時候“我”無法和家人一起用餐,所以“我”會努力彌補失去的親子時光。12.答案

C

解析

根據(jù)空前“I

would

make

efforts

to

and

chat

later”可知,“我”會有意識地收起手機,避免外界的干擾。

ⅠⅡⅢ13.A.louder B.shorterC.simpler D.sweeter14.A.assists B.guidesC.allows D.orders13.答案

D

解析

根據(jù)上文“when

I’m

too

busy

to

share

a

meal

with

my

family”可知,這讓作者認為與孩子的睡前閱讀時光更加甜蜜。14.答案

A

解析

根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“My

husband

serves

as

the

head

chef”可知,作者的丈夫作為主廚,兒子輔助父親完成早餐。ⅠⅡⅢ15.A.office B.kitchenC.house D.park答案

C

解析

根據(jù)空前“I

am

aware

that

my

sons

are

growing

up

quickly”和下文“I

am

happy

to

have

so

many

wonderful

things

on

my

plate.”可知,此處指兒子們會離開家。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫ⅠⅡⅢ閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Afterbeingbusyforhalfayear,myparentsdecidedtodrivemetoascenicspotoutsidethecitytohavefun.Joyfully,weplannedourdrivingroute.Then,onaDecemberSaturdaymorning,mydadstartedhiscarandwesetoffwithgreatexpectations.Beforelong,weleftthenoisycityandcametothemountains.Therewerefewvehiclesontheroadandthetreesalongsidewerepretty.Wefeltsoexcited!ⅠⅡⅢAsafewhourspassed,wedroveontoanarrowroad.Andminuteslater,wefoundarivernotfarawayfromtheroad.Thebeachwasverywide,andwewantedtohavearestthereforawhile.Somydadturnedourcaranddrovetowardsit.Soon,weweredrivingonthesandybeach.Momentslater,ourcarwheelswerestrugglingintheincreasinglysoftsand.Butmydadwantedtogetclosertotheriver.Beforeheregrettedit,ourcarhadgotstuckinthesand.Mydadtriedtoturnaroundormoveback,butthecardidn’tmove.Wewereworried,trappedinthemiddleofnowhere.Evenworse,itbeganrainingandwascold.Wegotoutofthecarandtriedtopushit,butfailed.Afteracoupleofminutes,weweretiredandourhairandcoatswerealittlewet.Butthecaronlysankfurtherintothesand.ⅠⅡⅢAnxiously,wewalkedtotheroad,eagertostopavehicleandletithelppullourcaroutofthesand.Ourcoatsandhairwerewetterandwetter.Beforethejourney,wehadn’tpreparedumbrellasorcarriedanyfood.Now,wewerehungryandcold,standingintherain.Afterwaitingforalongtime,therewasn’tonevehiclepassing.Justwhenwewerehelpless,wesawafarmhousenotfaraway.“Cantheyhelpus?”Iasked.Mydadwasdoubtful.Still,wereachedthere,andfounditwasabigfamily.Theyseemedpoorandunfriendly.Mydadtoldthemourproblemandbeggedthemtohelpuspullourcarout.ⅠⅡⅢ注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右;2.請按如下格式作答。Tooursurprise,theynoddedwithoutthinking.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________