2024年中考英語復習考點01-名詞知識點總結習題

考點1名詞【中考考查重點】名詞詞義辨析；名詞的數(shù)；名詞的主謂一致；名詞所有格。一、名詞的分類專有名詞人名、地名、國名London倫敦，Tom湯姆，theGreatWall長城，Asia亞洲書名、電影名、各種標語SpiderMan《蜘蛛俠》機構、組織、團體UNESCO聯(lián)合國教科文組織，BeijingUniversity北京大學月份、星期、節(jié)日Monday星期一，Nationalday國慶節(jié)普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞：girl，apple，city，nurse集體名詞：people（人們），family（家庭）不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)類：water，oil，paper不可數(shù)名詞做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)抽象類：happiness，health【知識拓展】集體名詞的分類：本身是復數(shù)，如，cattle牛群，people人們，police警察。本身單復數(shù)均可表示，如audience觀眾，class班級，club俱樂部，pany公司，family家庭，group組，team隊（當這一類詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于其表示的具體含義，如果作為一個整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指的是具體成員，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式）family做個體名詞時表示家庭成員、家人；做集體名詞時表示家庭。e.g.?twofamilies兩個家庭?Ourfamilyareveryfriendly.我們的家人都很友好?Thefamilyisthebasicunitofsociety.家庭是構成社會的基本單位。?Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.我們?nèi)医衲晗奶煲獬雎糜?。二、可?shù)名詞1、可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化①一般情況下直接+s：egg→eggs，banana→bananas②以e結尾+s：eye→eyes③以s，sh，ch，x結尾+es：watch→watches，box→boxes④以輔音字母加y結尾，去y+ies：family→families⑤以f或fe結尾，去f或fe+ves：self→selves，wolf→wolves，leaf→leaves⑥以o結尾的：有生命+es：hore→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes，negro→negroes無生命+s：photo→photos，【知識拓展】①Kangaroo→Kangaroos（袋鼠+s）②以ch結尾的名詞：ch發(fā)音為/k/的名詞，其復數(shù)形式直接在詞尾加s，e.g.stomach→stomachs2、不規(guī)則變化①變元音：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet②不規(guī)則：child→children，mouse→mice，goose→geese③只有復數(shù)形式：trousers、scissors、pants、glasses、shoes【知識拓展】①以下單詞為單復數(shù)同形：fish，sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese（fish表示的種類可數(shù)，e.g.fivefishes五種魚）（關于“某國人”的單復數(shù)口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s后面添e.g.Englishman→Englishmen，F(xiàn)renchman→Frenchmen，American→Americans，Australian→Australians，Canadian→Canadians）②有些名詞表面為復數(shù)形式，實為單數(shù)。e.g.Maths數(shù)學，Physics物理，politics政治，news新聞，theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國③還有一些單詞做可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時意思不同，e.g.work做可數(shù)名詞意為“作品”，做不可數(shù)名詞意為“工作”experience做可數(shù)名詞意為“經(jīng)歷”，做不可數(shù)名詞意為“經(jīng)驗”3、復合名詞變復數(shù)①有man、woman修飾時：一個男老師amanteacher→兩個男老師twomenteachers一個女醫(yī)生awomandoctor→兩個女醫(yī)生twowomendoctors②其余的把最后一個名詞變復數(shù)：一個信箱amailbox→兩個信箱twomailboxes一棵梨樹apeartree→兩顆梨樹twopeartrees三、不可數(shù)名詞1、不可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單三。2、用量詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞e.g.一瓶水a(chǎn)bottleofwater→兩瓶水twobottlesofwater（此時謂語動詞用復數(shù)）一張紙apieceofpaper→五張紙fivepiecesofpaper3、不可數(shù)名詞的其他用法（1）常見的不可數(shù)名詞不能用具體的數(shù)字來表示：cotton棉花，food食物，hair頭發(fā)，health健康，ice冰，wind風（2）可轉化為可數(shù)名詞的物資名稱①有些物質(zhì)名詞在表達個體概念時，是可數(shù)名詞：rain雨→arain一場雨，wind風→awind一陣風，beer啤酒→abeer一杯啤酒，paper紙→apaper一份論文②有些物質(zhì)名詞的復數(shù)形式表示特殊含義：Water水→waters海域，wood木頭→woods森林，custom習慣→customs海關（3）可轉化為可數(shù)名詞的抽象名詞抽象名詞表示具體的人或事物時，被視為可數(shù)名詞，可與不定冠詞連用，也可有復數(shù)形式，表示＂某種人或事＂。disappointment失望→adisappointment令人失望的事，experience經(jīng)驗→anexperience一次經(jīng)歷，success成功→asuccess成功的人或事（4）可轉化為可數(shù)名詞的專有名詞有的專有名詞也可以用作可數(shù)名詞，可以由不定冠詞修飾，也可有復數(shù)形式。e.g.?AMr.Blackiswaitingforyou.一個叫布萊克的先生在等你?！疽族e警示】某些不可數(shù)名詞，有形容詞修飾時，之前常加不定冠詞。adeeplove深深的愛，agoodeducation良好的教育，agoodtime一段美好時光，aheavyfog一場濃霧，alongsilence長時間沉寂，arichdinner一頓豐盛的晚餐四、名詞所有格1、有生命的名詞所有格①一般情況下直接+’s：我爸爸的書myfather’sbook②以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞+’：他們爸爸的工作theirfathers’job，教師節(jié)Teachers’Day③不以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞+’s：兒童節(jié)Children’sDay④幾人共有的東西在最后一個名詞后+’s：莉莉和艾米(共同)的房間LilyandAmy’sroom⑤幾人分別有的東西每個名詞后+’s：莉莉和艾米(不同)的房間Lily’sandAmy’sroom⑥所有格表示某人的家：我叔叔家myuncle’s2、無生命的名詞所有格用ofe.g.中國的歷史thehistoryofChina，attheendofthisterm但表時間、距離、世界、國家、城市、團體、機構等無生命的名詞直接在詞尾加’s或’。e.g.fiveminutes’walk五分鐘的路程3、雙重所有格表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞（a/an），數(shù)詞（one，two...），不定代詞（some，all，any...），物主代詞（my，your...），指示代詞（this，that...時，常用＂of+’s所有格＂形式，即雙重所有格來表示所屬關系。e.g.mydad’sfriend=afriendofmydad’s我爸爸的朋友aphotoofmysister’s我妹妹的一張照片thisbookofmyclassmate’s我同學的這本書五、名詞的句法功能序號功能例句1作主語Newspapersareuseful.報紙有用。2作賓語Haveyoureceivedmyletter?你收到我的信了嗎？（作動詞的賓語）Thebooksareonthedesk.書在桌子上。（作介詞的賓語）3作表語Timeismoney.時間就是金錢。4作補足語Wemadehimmanagerofthepany.我們選他當公司的經(jīng)理。5作同位語Youstudentsgofirst.你們學生先走。6作狀語We’llmeetnextSunday.我們下周日見。7作定語IamanEnglishteacher.我是一位英語老師。【知識擴展】名詞作定語一般用其單數(shù)形式。e.g.apaperbag紙袋，ashoeshop鞋店，afootballfan球迷有些常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作定語時用復數(shù)形式。e.g.aclothesshop服裝店，aglassesstore眼鏡店，agoodstrain貨運列車數(shù)詞加名詞構成的形容詞（中間有連字符）作定語時，名詞常使用單數(shù)形式。e.g.afiveyearoldboy一個三歲的男孩，a500metrelongrope一條五百米的繩子所有格作定語和名詞直接作定語的區(qū)別：名詞所有格作定語時，表示的是所有關系，即歸誰所有。e.g.Tom’sbooks湯姆的書（湯姆和書之間是所屬關系，即書是湯姆的）。而名詞直接作定語時，與被修飾的名詞之間沒有所屬關系，如：shoeshop鞋店???名詞練習題???考點一可數(shù)名詞單項填空The__________ismyfavouritefruit.A.biscuitB.sausageC.strawberryD.chocolatePutonthe___，oryoucan'tseethe3Dfilmclearly.A.glassesB.glovesC.hatD.sweater—InChina，weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—That'sinteresting!lwanttoknowalltheChinese__________.A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problemsYourleglooksreallybad!Ithinkyoushouldsendfora________aboutthat.A.pilotB.doctorC.singerD.postmanHi，Momisamovingfilm.Ithasbeenonforseveralmonthsinthe________.A.museumB.bankC.libraryD.cinemaHisfatherisagreat__________inLeishenshanHospitalinWuhan.Heissobusythathehasn'thadagoodrestforseveralmonths.A.actorB.singerC.violinistD.doctorOne__________ofthebookismissing，soIcan'tlearnthewholestory.A.copyB.pageC.writerD.readerMypeople，Mycountryisafamousmovie，andIhaveseenittwiceintheA.bankB.cinemaC.supermarketD.library考點二不可數(shù)名詞單項填空Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought__________topeopleallovertheworld.A.difficultyB.pleasureC.weatherD.dangerZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpgetan__________inLijiang，Yunnan.A.educationB.invitationC.informationD.imaginationMariaisfullof__________becauseshetakesexerciseeveryday.A.energyB.talentC.humourD.wealthWouldyousendmesome__________ofyours?ImissyouverymuchA.magazineB.photosC.moneyD.adviceKateissoshythatshedoesn'thave__________tosinginpublic.A.powerB.courageC.energyD.timeIfthetemperatureisbelowo℃，waterwillturninto________theopenair.A.iceB.steamC.fogD.rainCanyoutellmethe__________ofthesweater?Yes，it's￥125.A.colorB.priceC.shapeWhydoChinesepeoplelikered?Becausethecolourredisthe__________ofgoodluckinChina.A.reasonB.hopeC.dreamD.symbol考點三名詞所有格單項填空Excuseme，isthemuseumfarfromhere?—No，it'sabout__________.A.5minuteswalkB.5minutewalkC.5minutes'walkD.5minute'swalkTherearemany__________teachersinthisprimaryschool.A.womanB.woman'sC.womenD.women'sThewomaninahatis__________aunt.A.JackandJohnB.Jack'sandJohnC.Jack'sandJohn'sD.JackandJohn'sWhatwouldyouliketodrink，girls?__________,please.A.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwocupsofteaD.TwocupsofteasTodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher'sTheyarethose__________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'—Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?__________A.Infiveday'stime.B.Infivedays'time.C.Infivedaystime.D.Forfivedays.Youneedn'twaitforTomanylonger.Hemustbehavingsupperat__________.A.theSmith'sB.theSmiths'C.theSmithsD.Smiths考點四名詞的主謂一致單項填空Thetwins__________fondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle.A.beB.amC.isD.areThere__________twodictionariesonthebookcase.Youcanuseeitherofthem.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereAlotofforeigners__________familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina.A.amB.isC.areD.beNeitherTomnorI__________interestedinplayingWeChat.A.amB.isC.areD.beWhyareyouwalkingsoquickly，Edward?There__________atalentshowintenminutes.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobeThenumberofthestudentsinourclass__________50.Andanumberofthem__________English.A.is;likeB.are;likeC.is;likesD.are;likesJohnaswellashisclassmates________doingtheirhomeworkfrom6to7yesterdayevening.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThepopulationofthecity_______verylarge，andonethirdofthepopulation_______farmers.A.are;areB.is;areC.are;isD.is;is綜合練習一、單項填空Putitdown，Jim.Youmustn'tread__________letter.A.elseanyone'sB.anyoneelse'sC.anyone'selseD.anyoneelseInNorthAmerica，youcannotstandtooclosetopeople.Givethemmorepersonal__________.A.funB.spaceC.timeD.informationIfyouhave__________inlearningsomething，you'llbeabletolearnitwell.A.interestB.habitC.hobbyD.resultwecanseethe__________ontheirfaceswhentheytalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepastfewyears.A.prideB.regretC.abilityD.attentionAfteryearsofwar，thepeopleinSyriaarethirstyfor__________.A.priceB.noiseC.peaceD.courseThe__________betweenDalianandBeijingonlytakesaboutanhour.A.flightB.planeC.transportD.distanceCouldyougivemesome__________onhowtospendtheingholiday?A.knowledgeB.hobbiesC.suggestionsD.informationSallyhasmadebig__________inChinese.ShecanevenunderstandBeijingOperaverywell.A.memoriesB.vocabularyC.decisionsD.progress二、用所給詞適當形式填空AChinesef