上海市楊浦區(qū)2023年高三《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期期中試題與參考答案

上海市楊浦區(qū)2023年高三《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期期中試題與參考答案Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Altheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Arestaurant. B.Apetshop. C.Aparkinggarage. D.Apark.【答案】C【原文】W:Therestaurantisnexttothepetshop.M:Iknow.Ifwecan’tfindaplacetopark,wemightmissourdinnerreservation.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersprobablylookingfor?2.A.Shehasfixedthecomputer. B.Shehasreplacedthemonitor.C.Shehasremovedthemouse. D.Shehasgivenacomputerlesson.【答案】A【原文】W:Thatshoulddoit!Allthoseviruseshavebeenremoved.Nowonderyoucouldn’toperateyourcomputerproperly.M:Icouldn’ttellwhatwaswrongwithit.Ihadthoughtitwasthemouseorthemonitor.Q:Whathasthewomanjustdone?3.A.Shediditoutofpassion.B.Shediditoutofnecessity.C.Shewantedtobecomeafashiondesigner.D.Shewasasuccessfulbusinesswoman.【答案】B【原文】M:Youareasuccessfulfashiondesignernow.Whatmadeyouthinkofdesigningyourownclothesinthefirstplace?W:Well,asyoucansee,I’mverytallandIcouldn’tfindclothesthatfitmeintheordinaryshops.Q:Whydidthewomanthinkofdesigningherownclothes?4.A.Managerandclerk. B.Teacherandstudent.C.Saleswomanandcustomer. D.Officialandcitizen.【答案】A【原文】W:Alex!I’mjustgoingthroughthereportandIhaveaquestion.Thatfigureyou’vegotfor2019,areyousureit’scorrect?M:Letmecheck.I’mjustopeningthefile.Em,IthinkI’llneedtolookbackintoit.CanIgetbacktoyoulatertoday?Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?5.A.Hewillbetoonervoustomakehispoint.B.HewillgetupthecouragetoaskRiteout.C.IfhefailstoaskRitaout,hewillliveinfear.D.IfheasksRitaout,hewilldefinitelyberejected.【答案】B【原文】W:YoushoulddefinitelyaskRitaout.Sometimesit’sbettertolivelifewithoutregrets.M:Youhavegotagoodpoint.Ineedtogetovermyfearofrejection.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.A.Jennydidn’tpickupthepackage.B.Jennymissedthelastbushome.C.Jennyranintoherfriendinthepostoffice.D.Jennyregrettedhavingchattedwithherfriend.【答案】A【原文】M:Jenny,didyoupickupthepackagefromthepostoffice?W:Oh,no.IwasonmywaytherewhenIranintomyfriend,Betty.Ichattedwithheruntilherbusarrived,andthenIforgotallaboutthepackage.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?7.A.Calm. B.Nervous. C.Angry. D.Confused.【答案】C【原文】M:Hey,Lisa,calmdown.What’sgoingon?W:IhavejustfinishedapresentationwithGary.First,hewaslate.Second,heleftthefileinhisdorm.Hereallydrovemecrazy.Q:HowdoesLisafeel?8.A.Hewillspendmoretimesearchingforapresent.B.Hispresentissurelybetterthanthewoman’s.C.Thewomanisknownforbeingcompetitive.D.ThewomanshouldnotattendRob’sbirthdayparty.【答案】B【原文】W:IneedtotrytofindsomethingforRob’sbirthdaythat’sevenbetterthanyourpresent!M:You’recompetitive,butIdoubtyou’llfindsomethingbetter!Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?9.A.Shehasforgottentheaddressofthedrycleanernearby.B.Shehasgotusedtocleaningandironingtheclothesherself.C.Shethinksdrycleaningcoststoomuchmoneyandtime.D.Shethinksdrycleaningruinsthefabricsoftheclothes.【答案】B【原文】M:Whyareyouironingourclothes?Ithoughtyouweregoingtosendthemtothedrycleanerfromnowon.Professionaldrycleaningpreservesclothesbetter.W:IknowIshould.Drycleaningisn’tthatexpensive,anditreallysavesalotoftime.Iguessoldhabitsdiehard.Q:Whydoesn’tthewomansendtheclothestothedrycleaner?10.A.Theirhomewasbrokenintolately. B.Theirhomealarmsystemisbroken.C.Aviolentstormisapproaching. D.Theirhomeissecurelylocked.【答案】D【原文】W:Makesureyoulockthefrontandbackdoorssecurelytonight.M:Ialreadydid.Ilockedthewindowstoo.Ifsomeonetriestoenter,thealarmwillgooff.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。11.A.OnAugust18,2021. B.OnDecember15th,2021.C.OnJanuary20th,2022. D.OnDecember14th,2021.12.A.Sheflewdayandnighttobreaktherecord.B.HerfavouritepartofthejourneywasacrossSiberia.C.Shethoughtaboutnothingelsebutflyingduringthejourney.D.BadweatheralongthewayforcedhertolandinTaipei.13.A.Tomajorinelectricalengineering.B.Tohonorthetraditionofherfamily.C.ToencouragegirlstobecomeSTEMteachers.D.Toinspiregirlstopursuetheirflyingdreams.【答案】11.B12.C13.D【原文】TeenagerpilotZaraRutherfordhasbecometheyoungestwomantoflysoloaroundtheworld.The19-year-oldsetofffromBelgiumonAugust18,2021andlandedbackthereon20January.Herjourneytookheracrossfivecontinentsinfivemonthsinanultralightplane.Unabletoflyatnightorinclouds,Rutherfordwasoftenracingagainsttimeandtheweather.Toovercomeherfears,shefocusedonflying.“It’saboutlivinginthepresent,”shesaid.ThescariestpartofthejourneywasflyingacrossSiberia,wheretemperaturescanoftenreach-50°Cinwinter.Itwasbeautifulbutfrightening.Shealsometlotsofgreatandfriendlypeoplealongtheway.Surprisingly,oneofherstopsinAsiawasTaipeiCity.RutherfordlandedatSongshanAirportonDecember14.Shestayedforonenightbeforeflyingoutthenextday.Rutherford,whowenttoschoolinWinchester,England,comesfromafamilyofpilotsandgotherflyinglicenceat17.“It’sadreamI’vehadmyentirelife,toflyinaplanearoundtheworld,”shesaid.ThepreviousyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolowasAmericanShaestaWaiz,whowas30.Rutherfordnowplanstogotouniversitytostudyelectricalengineering.ShesaidthatthepurposeoftakingupthechallengewastoencourageothergirlstobecomepilotsandstudySTEMsubjects,whicharescience,technology,engineeringandmaths.Questions:11.WhendidRutherfordleaveTaipeiafteratemporarystopthere?12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutherflight?13.Whydidshetakeupthechallengeofflyingsoloaroundtheworld?聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。14.A.Theadventureofarobotonadesertedisland.B.Arobot’sreunionwithitslonglostfriends.C.Therichanimalworldthroughtheeyesofarobot.D.Theescapestoryofarobotfromadesertedisland.15.A.Sheisbrokenanddamagedintheaccident.B.Sheisbroughtbacktolifebyagroupofsealions.C.Sheisfrightenedatthesightofislandanimals.D.Sheisdeliveredtotheislandasanexperimentsubject.16.A.Theyfightforlimitedresources.B.Theyspeakeachother’slanguage.C.Rozandtheislandanimalstrusteachother.D.Rozfeedsanimalswithadvancedprogramming.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【原文】TheWildRobotisanovelforyoungreadersthatwaswrittenbyPeterBrown.IttellsthestoryofRoz,arobotthatlearnstoliveamongtheanimalsonadesertedisland.Rozismanufacturedasoneoffivehundredidenticalrobots.Whentheircargoshipiswreckedatsea,sheistheonlyonetosurvive.Alltheotherrobotsarebrokenorlostintheaccident.Rozwashesupontheshoreofanisland,wheresheisfoundbyagroupofsealions.Thesealionsaccidentallypushheractivationbutton,andRozwakesup.Thecreaturesarefrightened,andtheyrunaway.Rozisleftalonetodiscoverhernewhome.DuringthetimeRozlivesontheisland,shelearnstoimitatetheanimals.Shestudiestheirlanguage,gainstheirtrust,andseekstheiradviceforsurvival.Thisprovidesaninterestinglookatwhatmighthappenwhentechnologyandnatureareincontactwitheachother.Thebookisdedicatedtoalltherobotsofthefuture,anditmakesuswonderifrobotslikeRozcouldeverfindaplacetobelonginourworld.Questions:14.WhatisthenoveltheWildRobotabout?（A）15.WhatcanwelearnaboutRoz,therobot?（B）16.HowdoesRozgetalongwiththeislandanimals?（C）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。17.A.Profitable. B.Improving. C.Favorable. D.Money-losing.18.A.Lookfornewingredientsuppliers.B.Lowerthesalaryoffull-timeworkers.C.Offerfewerdishesonthemenu.D.Switchtolowerqualityproducts.19.A.Shewillagreewiththeman’sdecision.B.Shewillclosethebusinessforgood.C.Shewillcrossthebridgetoavoidit.D.Shewilltrytofigureoutwaystodealwithit.20.A.Updatingthemenutoimprovefoodquality.B.Reducingcostofrunningtherestaurant.C.Attractingmorecustomerstotherestaurant.D.Expandingbusinesstobringinmoreprofits.【答案】17.A18.C19.D20.B【原文】W:Soarewestillmakingaprofit?M:Forthetimebeing,yes.Overall,theeconomyisimproving,butnowthecostofingredientsisrising.Ifwedon’tgetmorecustomerssoon,wemayneedtostartcuttingcostsoverthenextfewweeks.W:That’swhatIwasthinking.Butfrankly,Idon’twanttoreducethequalityofourfood.M:Butifwedon’tswitchingredients,thenweonlyhavetwootheroptions.W:Whatarethetwooptions?M:Well,intheshortterm,wecansavemoneybycuttingitemsfromourmenu.Recently,thesandwichesandsteakshaven’tbeensellingverywell.W:Icanprobablyguesswhattheotheroptionwouldbe.M:Yeah.Inthelongrunwecan’tkeepallofourstaff.W:I’mnotgoingtoletthathappen.I’vemadeupmymind.M:OK,boss.Whatshouldwedo?W:We’llcutcostsintheshorttermbylimitingourmenu.Iwantyoutotalkwithourchefsandcutoutatleastone-thirdofourmenuitems.M:It’sagoodthingthatIhaven’tplacedanorderforingredients.W:Good.Someofoursuppliersmightbeletdown,butI’dratherofferfewerhighqualitydishesthanafullmenuoflowerqualityproducts.M:Iagreewiththatdecision.Butwhataboutourstaffandthepayroll?W:Rightnow,westillhavetimetoboostbusiness.Furthermore,wehaveagreatteam.Idon’twanttosacrificethatjusttosaveafewdollars.M:That’sarespectabledecision.However,ifbusinessdoesn'timproveinthenextmonthortwo,wewon’thaveachoice.W:Iunderstandthatthesituationisn’tfavorable.But,wewillcrossthatbridgewhenwecometoit.Questions:17.Howisthecurrentstateofbusiness?18.Whathasthewomandecidedtodo?19.Whatwillthewomandoifbusinessdoesn’timprove?20.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankst1omakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FancyaSnack?HaveSomePotatoChipsThereareacoupleoftalesabouttheoriginsofpotatochips.ThefirstiscreditedtoGeorgeCrum,____21____in1853wascookinginarestaurant,Moon’sLakeHouse.AcustomerrequestedCrum’sfamousfriedpotatoes.However,whenthedish____22____（serve）,thecustomerfoundthepotatoestoothickforhisliking.Crumslicedthemthinner,butstilltheyweren’tthinenoughfortheguest.Thedishwassentbackandforthseveraltimes.____23____（anger）,Crumeventuallycutthepotatoespaper-thin,deep-friedthem,andspreadalotofsaltonthem.Hisideawas____24____（make）thepotatoesuneatable,butinsteadheinventedatastytreatcompletelybyaccident.However,thereisarecipethatcameoutbeforeCrum’sinvention.An1822cookbookTheCook’sSecrets____25____WilliamKitchiner,outlineshowtomake“PotatoesFriedinSlices”.Itcallsforcuttingpotatoesintothinslicesandfryingtheminoil.Therearetwoothersimilarrecipesfrom1824and1832,____26____ofwhichmentionKitchiner.Thenthereisthegreatfriedvsbakeddebate.Friedpotatochipscontainalotmoreoilandfat.Bakedchips,however,arecookedinanovenorairfryerratherthanbeingfriedinoil.So,they’reconsideredthe____27____（healthy）option.Today,alotofhealth-consciouschipmanufacturerslovetosaytheirchipsarebaked,notfried,toappealtopeoplewhoareconcernedabout____28____healthytheirfoodis.Speakingofhealth-consciouspeople,theyprobablywanttostayawayfrom“Royce”chips,whicharechips____29____（dip）inchocolate.Themixofsaltyandsweetistodiefor,butfarfromhealthy.____30____kindofflavoryouprefer,there’sdefinitelyachipsomewhereouttherethathasyournameonit.【答案】21.who22.wasserved23.Angered24.tomake25.by26.both27.healthier28.how29.dipped30.Nomatterwhat【21題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：第一個(gè)要?dú)w功于GeorgeCrum，1853年，他在一家名為“月亮湖屋”的餐廳里做飯。分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代前文的GeorgeCrum，指代人。故填who?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，當(dāng)菜端上來(lái)的時(shí)候，顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)土豆太厚了，他不喜歡。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，此處描述過(guò)去事實(shí)，故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)thedish與serve之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“菜被端上來(lái)”，故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wasserved?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被激怒，GeorgeCrum最終把土豆切得像紙一樣薄，油炸，并在上面撒了很多鹽。分析句子，句中cut為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。anger為動(dòng)詞，意為“使某人激怒”，此處表示GeorgeCrum是被激怒的，故使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，即angered。同時(shí)設(shè)空處置于句首，首字母要大寫。故填A(yù)ngered?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他的想法是讓土豆不能吃，但他完全是偶然地發(fā)明了一種美味的食物。句中betodo為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“去做某事”，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。故填tomake。【25題詳解】考查介詞。句意：WilliamKitchiner在1822年出版的烹飪書《廚師的秘密》中概述了如何制作“炸土豆片”。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用介詞與后文的WilliamKitchiner構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。表示“被，由”的介詞用by。故填by?！?6題詳解】考查代詞。句意：1824年和1832年還有兩份類似的食譜，都提到了Kitchiner。句中指代的前文的twoothersimilarrecipes，指代兩者都，故用代詞both。故填both?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：因此，它們被認(rèn)為是更健康的選擇。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾option。此處表示“更加健康的”故用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填healthier?！?8題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：如今，許多注重健康的薯片制造商喜歡說(shuō)他們的薯片是烘焙的，而不是油炸的，以吸引那些關(guān)心他們的食物多么健康的人。分析句子，設(shè)空處置于介詞about之后，應(yīng)該使用賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“多么”用how。故選how。【29題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：說(shuō)到注重健康的人，他們可能想遠(yuǎn)離“羅伊斯”薯片，這是蘸了巧克力的薯片。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此處chips與dip之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故使用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填dipped。【30題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：不管你喜歡哪種口味的薯?xiàng)l，肯定會(huì)在某個(gè)地方有你的名字。分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論什么”用nomatterwhat。同時(shí)該空置于句首，首字母要大寫。故填Nomatterwhat。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.casualB.inbornC.downturnD.replaceE.failingF.limitationG.listH.possibilityI.faultlessJ.challengingK.surroundWhyYouNeedtoFail“Peter,I’dlikeyoutostayforaminuteafterclass.”Kevinteachesmyfavoritebodyconditioningclassatthegym.“What’dIdo?”Iaskedhim.“It’swhatyoudidn’tdo.”“Whatdidn’tIdo?”“Fail.”“Youkeptmeafterclassfornot____31____?”“This.”hesaidwhileimitatingmy____32____weightliftingstyleusingweightsthatwereobviouslytoolight,“it’snotgoingtogetyouanywhere.Amuscleonlygrowsifyouworkittillitfails.Youneedtousemore____33____weights.Youneedtofail.”Kevinisontosomething.EverytimeIaskaroomfullofexecutivesto____34____thetopfivemomentswhentheircareertookaleapforward,failureisalwaysonthelist.Forsome,itwasthelossofajob.Forothers,itwasaprojectthathadgonebad.Andforothersstillitwasthefailureofalargersystemlikeaneconomic____35____thatrequiredthemtostepup.Yetmostofusspendatremendousefforttryingtoavoideventhe____36____offailure.AccordingtodoctorCarolDweck,wehaveamindsetproblem.Ifyoubelievethatyourtalentsare____37____orfixed,thenyouwilltrytoavoidfailureatallcostsbecausefailureisproofofyour____38____Peoplewithafixedmindsetliketosolvethesameproblemsoverandoveragain.Studentswithfixedmindsetswouldrathernotlearnnewlanguages.CEOswithfixedmindsetswould____39____themselveswithpeoplewhoagreewiththem.Theyfeelsmartwhentheygetitright.Butifyoubelieveyourtalentgrowswithpersistenceandeffort,thenyouseekfailureasanopportunitytoimprove.Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsfeelsmartwhentheyarelearning,notwhentheyare____40____.Ifyouhaveagrowthmindset,thenyouuseyourfailurestoimprove.Ifyouhaveafixedmindset,youmayneverfail,butneitherdoyoulearnorgrow.【答案】31.E32.A33.J34.G35.C36.H37.B38.F39.K40.I【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：“你因?yàn)槲覜](méi)掛科就把我留了下來(lái)？”此處表示“考試失敗，不及格”，且作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用failing。故填failing。故選E?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：“這。他一邊說(shuō)，一邊模仿我隨意的舉重方式，舉重的重量顯然太輕了，“這不會(huì)讓你有任何效果?！毙揎椇笪膚eightliftingstyle，結(jié)合句意表示“隨意的”應(yīng)用形容詞casual，作定語(yǔ)。故填casual。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：你需要使用更具挑戰(zhàn)性的重量。修飾后文名詞weights，結(jié)合句意表示“具挑戰(zhàn)性的”應(yīng)用形容詞challenging，作定語(yǔ)。故填challenging。故選J?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：每當(dāng)我讓一屋子的高管列出他們職業(yè)生涯取得飛躍的五個(gè)最重要時(shí)刻時(shí)，失敗總是列在清單上。結(jié)合句意表示“列出”可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞list，且上文為短語(yǔ)asksb.todosth.。故填list。故選G。【35題詳解】考查名詞。句意：對(duì)其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)更大的系統(tǒng)的失敗，比如經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，需要他們站出來(lái)。結(jié)合句意表示“衰退”應(yīng)用名詞downturn，不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)。故填downturn。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：然而，我們大多數(shù)人花費(fèi)了巨大的努力，試圖避免失敗的可能性。作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“可能性”應(yīng)用名詞possibility，不可數(shù)。故填possibility。故選H?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：如果你相信你的才能是天生的或固定的，那么你就會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)避免失敗，因?yàn)槭∽C明了你的局限性。結(jié)合句意表示“天生的”應(yīng)用形容詞inborn，作表語(yǔ)。故填inborn。故選B。【38題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果你相信你的才能是天生的或固定的，那么你就會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)避免失敗，因?yàn)槭∽C明了你的局限性。作賓語(yǔ)，表示“局限性”應(yīng)用名詞limitation。故填limitation。故選F?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：思維定式的首席執(zhí)行官們會(huì)讓與自己意見(jiàn)一致的人圍繞在身邊。結(jié)合句意表示“圍繞”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞surround，且would后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填surround。故選K?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：擁有成長(zhǎng)型思維模式的人在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候會(huì)覺(jué)得自己很聰明，而不是在沒(méi)有缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候。作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“沒(méi)有缺點(diǎn)的”應(yīng)用形容詞faultless。故填faultless。故選I。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Southernlong-finnedpilotwhalesaremarinemammalswithalottosay—andtheymayusevocalizations（發(fā)聲）tooutsmartadeadlyenemy.Cetaceans（鯨類動(dòng)物）suchaswhalesanddolphinscommunicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandmates,tonavigateandtointeractsocially.Theirvocalizations____41____betweenspeciesandwithincommunities.Theanimalscanmimic（模仿）artificialnoisesuchassonar,butnobodyhadpreviouslyrecordedthem____42____othercetaceans’sounds.Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.Researcherslistenedto2,028vocalizationsoflong-finnedpilotwhalesoffthecoastofAustralia,thefirsttimesoundsfromthespeciesinthisregionhavebeen____43____described.Theyweresurprisedtohear19instancesofvocalizationsthatresembledthoseoforcas—thewhales’oceanic____44____.“Wefoundsomecallsthatare,tothehumanear,____45____tothekillerwhalecallsinthesamearea,”saysChristineErbe,anexpertinMarineScienceandTechnology.Pilotwhalesandorcas,thetwolargestspeciesofcetaceans,areoftenseeninthesame____46____andaresimilarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroups.Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilotwhalesandare____47____theirpredators（獵食者）.____48____fromorcastomachsshowstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales.Butpilotwhalescanmobandchaseorcasaway,theonlycetaceansseen____49____themselvesfromtheirpredatorinthisway.Mimicrycouldserveasan_____50_____defense:“Onetheoryisthatiftheyusesimilarsounds,theymaynotberecognizedasprey,”Erbesays.Pilotwhaleshuntingoreatingorcas’foodremaindersmightgo_____51_____iftheyuseorca-likecalls.“Thisisallunderwater,wherelighttravelsreallypoorly,”sheadds.“Sotheseanimals_____52_____soundfordetectingtheirpreyandpredatorsandfornavigating.”Long-finnedpilotwhaleshaveshownanabilityto_____53_____betweenorcacallswithdifferentmeanings.Additionalworkwould_____54_____whethermimicryisactuallyoccurring.Researcherscouldpairtheirlisteningdatawithdirectobservationsoftheanimals’interactionsinthewildorperhapsevenplayorcasoundsandwatchthewhales’_____55_____.41.A.range B.vary C.rise D.drop42.A.distracting B.separating C.forecasting D.matching43.A.critically B.considerately C.conveniently D.comprehensively44.A.partners B.species C.enemies D.mates45.A.identical B.responsive C.contrary D.inferior46.A.boundaries B.societies C.environments D.facilities47.A.initially B.eventually C.potentially D.accidentally48.A.Motion B.Emission C.Conclusion D.Evidence49.A.splitting B.defending C.dismissing D.preventing50.A.accessible B.additional C.accurate D.adequate51.A.unnoticed B.uninterested C.untouched D.unarmed52.A.applyto B.turnup C.relyon D.putout53.A.pursue B.distinguish C.demonstrate D.struggle54.A.claim B.calculate C.confirm D.clarify55.A.reflections B.receptions C.relations D.reactions【答案】41.B42.D43.D44.C45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.B51.A52.C53.B54.C55.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了一項(xiàng)研究，說(shuō)明南方長(zhǎng)鰭領(lǐng)航鯨可能會(huì)用發(fā)聲來(lái)戰(zhàn)勝致命的敵人?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它們的叫聲因物種和群落而異。A.range排列；B.vary變化；C.rise上升；D.drop掉落。根據(jù)常識(shí)和前文“communicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandmates,tonavigateandtointeractsocially（通過(guò)聲音交流，尋找食物和伴侶，導(dǎo)航和社交）”可知，它們的叫聲因物種和群落而異。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些動(dòng)物可以模仿聲納等人工噪音，但此前沒(méi)有人記錄到它們與其他鯨類動(dòng)物的聲音相匹配。A.distracting分散（思想），轉(zhuǎn)移（注意力）B.separating分離；C.forecasting預(yù)報(bào)；D.matching匹配。根據(jù)后文“Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.（然而，一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨類動(dòng)物的聲音書中有重疊）”可知，此處指它們的聲音相匹配。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員在澳大利亞海岸聆聽(tīng)了2028種長(zhǎng)鰭領(lǐng)航鯨聲音，這是該地區(qū)首次對(duì)該物種的聲音進(jìn)行全面描述。A.critically批判地；B.considerately體貼地；C.conveniently方便地；D.comprehensively完全地。全面地。根據(jù)前文“Researcherslistenedto2,028vocalizationsoflong-finnedpilotwhales”及“thefirsttime”，并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，他們對(duì)這些聲音進(jìn)行了全面的描述。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們驚訝地聽(tīng)到了19個(gè)類似鯨魚的海洋敵人——虎鯨的聲音。A.partners搭檔；B.species物種；C.enemies敵人；D.mates伙伴，配偶。根據(jù)前文“theymayusevocalizations（發(fā)聲）tooutsmartadeadlyenemy（它們可能會(huì)用發(fā)聲來(lái)?yè)魯≈旅臄橙耍焙秃笪摹癘rcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilotwhalesandare____7____theirpredators（獵食者）.（虎鯨與長(zhǎng)鰭領(lǐng)航鯨爭(zhēng)奪食物，是它們潛在的捕食者）”可知，虎鯨被視為其它鯨魚的敵人。故選C項(xiàng)。【45題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：海洋科學(xué)與技術(shù)專家ChristineErbe說(shuō)：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在同一區(qū)域，人類聽(tīng)到的一些叫聲與虎鯨的叫聲完全相同?！盇.identical完全相同的；B.responsive反應(yīng)敏捷的；C.contrary相反的；D.inferior較差的。根據(jù)前文“Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.（然而，一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨類動(dòng)物的聲音書中有重疊）”可知，長(zhǎng)鰭領(lǐng)航鯨的某些聲音和虎鯨的聲音完全相同。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：領(lǐng)航鯨和虎鯨是兩種最大的鯨類動(dòng)物，它們經(jīng)常在相同的環(huán)境中出現(xiàn)，體型相似，都生活在社會(huì)群體中。A.boundaries邊界；B.societies社會(huì)；C.environments環(huán)境；D.facilities設(shè)施。根據(jù)后文“bothliveinsocialgroups”可知，它們經(jīng)常在相同的環(huán)境中出現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：虎鯨與長(zhǎng)鰭領(lǐng)航鯨爭(zhēng)奪食物，是它們潛在的捕食者。A.initially最初地；B.eventually最終地；C.potentially潛在地；D.accidentally偶然地。根據(jù)前文“adeadlyenemy”及“similarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroups”和“Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilotwhales”可知，虎鯨和領(lǐng)航鯨相類似，又相互爭(zhēng)奪食物，所以是領(lǐng)航鯨潛在的捕食者。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：虎鯨胃里的證據(jù)表明它們偶爾會(huì)吃領(lǐng)航鯨。A.Motion運(yùn)動(dòng)；B.Emission排放；C.Conclusion結(jié)論；D.Evidence證據(jù)。根據(jù)后文“fromorcastomachs”及“showstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales”可知，虎鯨胃里的食物就是它們吃領(lǐng)航鯨的證據(jù)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但領(lǐng)航鯨可以圍攻虎鯨并將其趕走，這是唯一一種以這種方式保護(hù)自己免受捕食者攻擊的鯨類動(dòng)物。A.splitting溢出，潑出；B.defending保衛(wèi)；C.dismissing摒棄；D.preventing防止。根據(jù)前文“pilotwhalescanmobandchaseorcasaway”可知，領(lǐng)航鯨以這種方式保護(hù)自己。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：模仿行為可以作為一種額外的防御：“一種理論是，如果它們使用相似的聲音，它們可能不會(huì)被認(rèn)出是獵物，”Erbe說(shuō)。A.accessible可到達(dá)的；B.additional附加的，額外的；C.accurate精確的；D.adequate足夠的。根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文“iftheyusesimilarsounds,theymaynotberecognizedasprey”可知，模仿行為可以作為一種額外補(bǔ)充的防御措施。故選B項(xiàng)。【51題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：領(lǐng)航鯨捕食或食用虎鯨的食物殘?jiān)?，如果它們發(fā)出類似虎鯨的叫聲，可能不會(huì)被注意到。A.unnoticed未注意到的；B.uninterested不感興趣的；C.untouched未受影響的，未觸動(dòng)的；D.unarmed無(wú)武裝的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“iftheyuseorca-likecalls”可知，因?yàn)楹突ⅥL的叫聲相同，所以在吃它們的食物殘?jiān)鼤r(shí)，就不會(huì)被注意到。故選A項(xiàng)。【52題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：所以這些動(dòng)物依靠聲音來(lái)探測(cè)獵物和捕食者，并進(jìn)行導(dǎo)航。A.applyto適用于；B.turnup調(diào)大；C.relyon依賴；D.putout撲滅。根據(jù)前文“wherelighttravelsreallypoorly（光線傳播非常差）”和后文“soundfordetectingtheirpreyandpredatorsandfornavigating”可知，因?yàn)樗坠饩€弱，所以依靠聲音來(lái)行動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。【53題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：長(zhǎng)鰭領(lǐng)航鯨顯示出一種辨別虎鯨不同含義叫聲的能力。A.pursue追求；B.distinguish區(qū)分，辨別；C.demonstrate證實(shí)，證明；D.struggle掙扎，奮斗。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“betweenorcacallswithdifferentmeanings”可知，是一種辨別不同含義叫聲的能力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：進(jìn)一步的研究將證實(shí)模仿行為是否真的發(fā)生了。A.claim宣稱；B.calculate核算；C.confirm證實(shí)；D.clarify澄清。根據(jù)后文“whethermimicryisactuallyoccurring”可知，研究將證實(shí)模仿行為否真的發(fā)生。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員可以將他們的聽(tīng)力數(shù)據(jù)與野生動(dòng)物互動(dòng)的直接觀察相結(jié)合，甚至可以播放虎鯨的聲音，觀察鯨魚的反應(yīng)。A.reflections反射；B.receptions接待；C.relations關(guān)系；D.reactions反應(yīng)。根據(jù)前文“Researcherscouldpairtheirlisteningdatawithdirectobservationsoftheanimals’interactionsinthewildorperhapsevenplayorcasounds”可知，研究人員做了以上實(shí)驗(yàn)后，觀察鯨魚的反應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Iwas12yearsoldwhenmylifechangedforever.Itwasjustbeforetheendoftheschoolday,andmyteachertoldmethatmymumhadaskedmetogohomeimmediately.Therewasapolicecarinthedriveway,andIheardthesoundofmysistercryinginthelivingroom.Mymumtookmeupstairsandtoldmethatmydadhaddied.Iremembercryinglikeforever.Thenmyunclesatmedownandtoldmewhathadhappened.IrememberthinkingDadmusthavebeeninanaccidentinhiscar—hehadasportyredone,andIthoughthemusthavecrashed.Soitwasshockingtolearnhehadbeenmurdered—especiallywhenIthendiscoveredthathehadbeentryingtohelpsomeone.Ourcleanerhadbeengoingthroughadifficultbreak-upwithherhusband,andhadherpostdeliveredtoourhousesoherpartnercouldn’tseizeit.Dadhadtakenhermailroundtoher,butherpartnersawhim,stoleaknife,wenttothehouseandstabbedmydadthroughtheheart,whichkilledhiminstantly.IttookmeaverylongtimetobeabletogettoaplacewhereIcouldrememberthehappytimeswithmydad.It’sasifyourbrainwon’tletyouremember,becauseit’stoopainful.Even30yearson,itcanbeachallenge.It’slikeacopingsurvivingmechanismandIstillworkthroughittoday—butthat’slifelivingwithsorrow.DuringthepastfewyearsI’vefoundthattalkingandwritinghasbeenabighelp.It’shelpedmeacknowledgewhathappened,andhasmademeseethesefeelingsarecompletelynormal.Actuallyformanyyears,IusedtoquestionwhyIwasstillfeelingthisway,butyoucometorealizethereisnosetpatterntosorrow.It’snotaquick-fixprocess;it’snotevenafixableprocess.It’ssomethingyouhavetolivewith,andyoutakecomfortwhereveryoucanfindit.Forsomeonewhohasjustgonethroughanunbearableloss,pleasetakeiteasyonyourself.I’mnotsurewhethertimeisahealer,butitwillshowyouhowt