高中英語(yǔ)高考一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)5自然與環(huán)境（教師版）

高中英語(yǔ)高考一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)5：自然與環(huán)境【問(wèn)題查找】詞匯填空（如果學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)不牢固，建議直接從精準(zhǔn)突破開(kāi)始）1.Therewasa____________(爆發(fā))oflaughterinthenextroom.2.Withinafewdaysshehadbeeseriouslyill,____________(受苦)greatpain.3.HewasveryworriedwhenItoldhimthathiswifehadbeenseriously____________(受傷).4.Wewerewithout______________(電)forthreehoursbutit’sonagainnow.5.Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobein____________(破敗不堪).6.Mostchildren________(響應(yīng))welltoindividualattentioninclass.7.I'mnotquite________(確定的)abouthowmuchisleftinthataccount.8.Onlyafterunderstandingapoemcanwe________(欣賞)it.9.Manyshooting________(事件)gounreported.10.Themayorwill________(視察)ourschooltomorrow.Keys：1.burst2.suffering3.injured4.electricity5.ruins6.respond7.certain 8.appreciate9.incidents 10.inspect【要點(diǎn)精講】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能自主快速閱讀理解大意，能依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)詞義，能正確拼讀詞匯（單詞、短語(yǔ)），掌握詞匯意義與用法。（1）能正確識(shí)記、領(lǐng)會(huì)以下詞匯,正確率達(dá)100%：shock,appreciate,rescue等（2）能正確識(shí)記、領(lǐng)會(huì)以下短語(yǔ),正確率達(dá)100%：dieout,atanend,indanger等（3）能正確運(yùn)用以下句型結(jié)合詞匯和語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行句子翻譯和寫(xiě)作,正確率達(dá)80%：解決學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題：目標(biāo)對(duì)應(yīng)的活動(dòng)（目標(biāo)的問(wèn)題化分解）Earthquakes地震【語(yǔ)境串聯(lián)】（1）請(qǐng)用學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的單詞完成篇章：Thewholenationwas（shock）bytheearthquake.Itwasreallyan（extreme）frightening（災(zāi)難）.Almosteverythingwas（destroy）andpeoplesufferedalot.Theyneeded（避身處）and（電力）.They（表達(dá)）their（真誠(chéng)的）thankstothePartyforimmediate（援救）.Keys：shocked;extremely;disaster;destroyed;shelters;electricity;expressed;sincere;rescue【知識(shí)拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識(shí)拓展補(bǔ)充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補(bǔ)充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）rescuevt.&vi.營(yíng)救，援救，搶救n.救援，營(yíng)救，獲救；營(yíng)救行動(dòng)go/etosb.'srescue拯救某人rescuesb./sth.fromsth./sb.使……脫離(困境/危險(xiǎn))（2）請(qǐng)用學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的短語(yǔ)完成篇章：Onenight,everythingbegantoshake,withthepinesburstandtheelectricity（中斷）.Anearthquakestuckthecityanditseemed（好像）theworldwas（結(jié)束）.Somepeoplewereinjured,some（在...掩埋）theruinsandsomemissing.（從...判斷）thesituation,therewere（大量的）trappedpeoplewaitingforrescue.Butallhopewasnotlost,becausesoldierweresenttohelpthem（立刻）.Keys：cutoff;asif;atanend;buriedin;Judgingfrom;anumberof;rightaway.【知識(shí)拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識(shí)拓展補(bǔ)充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補(bǔ)充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）atanend結(jié)束etoanend結(jié)束，破滅put/bringsth.toanend結(jié)束callforanendtosth.呼吁停止/結(jié)束anumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“大量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，“……的數(shù)目”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)asif仿佛；好像asif的用法：1.可在look,seem等系動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.她看起來(lái)好像年輕了十歲。2.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，asif從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin.看來(lái)我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭?。Itlooksasifthey’relookingforsomething.他們看起來(lái)好像在找什么東西。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，asif從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。asif+從句時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)將來(lái)過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.她愛(ài)這男孩，就好像她是他的媽媽一樣。Hespeaksasifhehadknownaboutitbefore.他說(shuō)得好像之前就知道似的?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingaintheworld.Youcan,too!A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference2.Herfriendscametoherwhenthewarbrokeout.Aniswhoownedarestaurantagreedtohidesomebooks.A.stop B.help C.warn D.rescue3.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,_____________he’sinhisnineties.A.aslongas B.asif C.eventhough D.incaseKeys：1.D考查名詞。Achoice選擇；B.profit利潤(rùn)；Cjudgement判斷；Ddifference不同。此定短語(yǔ):makeadifference起作用，有影響，選D。2.B考查動(dòng)詞。Astop停止B.hep幫助C.warm警告;Drescue營(yíng)救。根據(jù)后文”Anisownedarestaurantarcedtohidesomebooks”可知，她的朋友們都過(guò)來(lái)幫她轉(zhuǎn)移書(shū)。3.C考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:即使是九十多歲了，我的爺爺仍然可以時(shí)不時(shí)地打打網(wǎng)球。as1ongas只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句asif似乎，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句eventhough即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句incase以防，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。這里是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C.Wildlifeprotection野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)【語(yǔ)境串聯(lián)】（1）請(qǐng)用學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的單詞完成篇章：Thelossand（損害）tothewildlife（保護(hù)區(qū)）（影響）thesecurityofwildlifefiercely.Anymerciful（回答）is（appreciate）.Toour（relieve）,manhasrealizedtheimportanceofwildlife（protect）andhaswongreat（成功）.Keys：harm;reserve;affects;response;appreciation;relief;protection;success【知識(shí)拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識(shí)拓展補(bǔ)充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補(bǔ)充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）affectvt.影響；感動(dòng)；侵襲【易混辨析】affect/effectaffect動(dòng)詞，指＂產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)＂，著重＂影響＂的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)含有＂對(duì)……產(chǎn)生不利影響＂的意思effect名詞，多用作名詞指＂效果，作用＂，常用于haveaneffecton＂對(duì)……有影響＂appreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識(shí)到appreciationn.欣賞；感激，感謝；(藝術(shù)方面的)鑒定，評(píng)估appreciativeadj.欣賞的，賞識(shí)的；感激的，感謝的【特別提醒】appreciate后面若跟when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句之前應(yīng)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞還有hate,love,like,dislike等。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.如果你能幫助我做這件事，我將不勝感激。reliefn.(痛苦或憂(yōu)慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物inrelief如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣thereliefof………的消除/減輕toone’srelief使某人欣慰的是（2）請(qǐng)用學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的短語(yǔ)完成篇章：Huntingtoomuchaffectsthenumberofwildanimalsgreatlynowadays.Asaresult,therearesomeanimals（逐漸消失）andothers（在危險(xiǎn)中）.Fortunately,ourgovernmenthas（注意）thesituationandaseriesoflawshas（開(kāi)始生效）.Thereisnodoubtthatwewillsucceedinpreventingthesituationfrombeingbadtoworse.Keys：dyingout;indanger;paidattentionto;eintoeffect【知識(shí)拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識(shí)拓展補(bǔ)充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補(bǔ)充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中；垂危。反義短語(yǔ)為outofdanger(脫離危險(xiǎn))【拓展延伸】介詞in+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)insilence沉默地insurprise吃驚地inamazement 驚奇地inpeace平靜地，安詳?shù)豬nrelief如釋重負(fù)incase以防inreturn作為回報(bào)inreward作為回報(bào)payattentionto注意attract/catch/draw/getone’sattention吸引某人的注意力fix/focusone’sattentionon集中注意力于devoteone’sattentionto專(zhuān)心于turnone’sattentionto將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向【即學(xué)即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,strugglingacrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,turningupatschoolforpracticehoursbeforeanyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselftomusic,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.A.betray B.accept C.avoid D.appreciateKeys：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“ashehategettingtoschoolextraearly”可知，Gabriel討厭過(guò)早到校，因此他發(fā)誓“不學(xué)”音樂(lè)，A.背叛；B.接受；C.避開(kāi)，避免；D.欣賞?！静槁┭a(bǔ)缺】真題大練兵1.Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andproved___________(extreme)popularwiththepublic.2.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonly_____________(災(zāi)難).3.whysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithout___________(遮蔽物)orenoughfood.4.Thesechemicalsefromthe___________(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.5.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearly_____________shock.6.Now,I_____________(感激)thesilenceandthenewwayofmunicationitopens.7.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscanprotectthemselves___________insects.8.Supposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattention_____________yourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.9.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.10.The_____________(disappear)ofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Keys：1.extremely 2.disaster3.shelter4.injured5.in6.appreciate7.against8.to9.successful10.disappearance 【梳理優(yōu)化】1、學(xué)生在“鞏固練習(xí)”階段掌握不好，就回到“精準(zhǔn)突破”，補(bǔ)救學(xué)習(xí)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉righteningadj.令人恐懼的→frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的2.sincerelyadv.真誠(chéng)地；真摯地→sincereadj.真誠(chéng)的；真摯的3.judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷→judgementn.斷定；判斷4.disappearancen.消失→disappearvi.消失→appearvi.出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)→appearancen.出現(xiàn)；外表5.protectionn.保護(hù)→protectiveadj.保護(hù)的；防護(hù)的→protectvt.保護(hù)；防護(hù)6.reliefn.(痛苦或憂(yōu)慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物→relievevt.解除；減輕；緩和(不快或痛苦)7.appreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識(shí)到→appreciationn.欣賞；鑒賞；感激；理解8.succeedvi.成功vt.接替；繼任→successn.成功→successfuladj.成功的→successfullyadv.成功地9.harmn.&vt.損害；危害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無(wú)害的學(xué)生在“鞏固練習(xí)”階段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。完形填空的解題技巧3：前后搭配前后搭配主要指動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)賓搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及詞語(yǔ)的用法外，還需結(jié)合常識(shí)來(lái)判斷?！纠?】OnApril12,1888，Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper21hisbrotherforhimand...A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judgedKeys：解析：根據(jù)動(dòng)介搭配，能與后面的介詞for搭配的，只有mistook，故選C。【例2】Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto28theNobelprizes，...A.establish B.form C.develop D.promoteKeys：解析：根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配，應(yīng)是“設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”，即establishtheNobelprizes，故選A?！纠?】Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.afterall B.inall C.atall D.forallKeys：C優(yōu)化：補(bǔ)充、完善初步總結(jié)的解題方法；B.解決元認(rèn)知問(wèn)題；C.信息精細(xì)化加工；D.需要記憶的教給記憶訣竅等；E.圖式。A.補(bǔ)充、完善初步總結(jié)的解題方法。一、常考題型：1.完型填空;2.閱讀理解題;3.語(yǔ)法填空題4.書(shū)面表達(dá)二、解題技巧語(yǔ)法填空題中詞匯的解題技巧1.判斷空格中所需單詞的詞性；2.觀察所給單詞的詞性和所需單詞詞性是否一致；3.根據(jù)題目修改相應(yīng)的單詞形式B.信息精細(xì)化加工（歸類(lèi)、分類(lèi)、類(lèi)比、比較、聯(lián)想、想象等）1.選取本次課學(xué)習(xí)的（至少）5個(gè)詞匯寫(xiě)出一篇短文。E.圖式。1.利用近義詞、同義詞、反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換等帶出新的語(yǔ)言。2.利用paraphrase評(píng)價(jià)和轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)言，利用已有認(rèn)知圖式結(jié)合情境學(xué)習(xí)新的目標(biāo)詞匯?！緩?qiáng)化鞏固】完型填空Wheredidallthetigersgo?That’swhatIndianPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghwantstoknow.India’sSariskaProjectTigerReserve,oncehometo26tigers,isnowhometonone.Singhhasorderedapoliceinvestigationintothe1,andcreatedanewtaskforce(特別工作組)tosavethe2animals.Tigersareanendangeredspecies(物種).Halfoftheworld’stiger3liveinIndia.Foryears,tigershavebeendisappearingfromIndia’snationalparks,butSariskamaybethelaststraw.Andthegovernmenthasto___4___.OnThursday,Singhheldthefirstmeetingof5officials,wildlifeexperts,andrelatedleaders,aimingto6thenation’sremainingtigers,andto7aplantokeepthemsafe.Itisnothardtoguesswhythetigersaredisappearing.Poachers(偷獵者)can8thebigcatsfor$50,000each.TigerskinandbonesarepopularinChinese9.Asingletigertoothcanfetch$120.Recently,agroupofpoachersadmittedkillingtentigersinSariskaandwere10.＂Indiantigerpoachingisprobablythe11conservationprobleminmoderntimes,＂saidBelindaWright,theheadoftheWildlifeProtectionSocietyofIndia.However,poachingisn’ttheonly12.Manypoachersuseadvancedtechnologies,likenightglassesandlongrangebinoculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡).Forestsecurityofficersarepaidso13thatfewofthem___14___totrackdownthepoachers.Evenifsecurityguardsweretofindapoacher,manyonlycarryasticktomakehimobeythelaw.TigerfanshopethatSingh’splansmeanendforthepoachersand15fortheendangeredspecies.1.A.project B.disappearance C.reserve D.home2.A.dangerous B.huge C.rare D.fierce3.A.population B.percentage C.generation D.group4.A.care B.plan C.react D.wake5.A.business B.trade C.army D.forest6.A.ensure B.count C.keep D.feed7.A.eupwith B.putupwith C.catchupwith D.goonwith8.A.raise B.hunt C.sell D.shoot9.A.food B.tradition C.culture D.medicine10.A.found B.arrested C.prohibited D.controlled11.A.oldest B.hottest C.biggest D.latest12.A.problem B.worry C.crime D.factor13.A.monly B.poorly C.slightly D.highly14.A.determine B.remember C.hesitate D.bother15.A.success B.lamp C.hope D.achievementKeys:印度一個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)的老虎＂消失＂了，印度總理為此下令調(diào)查此事，并尋求解決確保剩余老虎安全的辦法。15BCACD610BACDB1115CABDC【課后練習(xí)】一、根據(jù)所給中文，完成英語(yǔ)短文2010年4月14日，一場(chǎng)可怕的地震襲擊了青海玉樹(shù)，人們對(duì)這一消息感到非常震驚。玉樹(shù)地震被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)在唐山大地震之后最可怕的災(zāi)難之一。地震使玉樹(shù)大部分地方幾分鐘內(nèi)變成了一片廢墟，而且給人們帶來(lái)了巨大的損失。地震中約2600人死亡，12100人受傷，成千上萬(wàn)的人無(wú)家可歸。世界似乎到了末日。地震之后，人們立刻組織救援工作。許多醫(yī)生和士兵參與救災(zāi)工作。大量的受傷人員被及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院。全國(guó)共捐100億元左右?guī)椭駱?shù)人民。OnApril14,2010,1.____________________inQinghaiprovinceandpeople2.________________thenews.ItwasconsideredasoneofthemostterribledisastersinChinaafterTangShanearthquake.TheearthquakemademostareasinYushulie3.______________withinafewminutesandcaused4.________________andlosstothepeople.About2,600people5.________________duringtheearthquakeand12,100orsowereseriouslyinjured,6.______________becamehomeless.Itseemedthattheworld7.______________.Aftertheearthquake，rescuework8.________________andmanydoctorsandsoldierstookpartintherescuework，soagreatnumberofpeoplewere9.________________andsenttohospitalintime.About10billionwasdonatedtohelpthepeopleinYushu.Keys:1.aterribleearthquakehit/struckYushu2.wereshockedat3.inruins4.greatdamage5.losttheirlives6.thousandsofpeople7.wasatanend8.wasorganizedrightaway9.dugout二、語(yǔ)法填空AterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,inwhichthousandsofpeoplediedandmany___1___(injure).Manyhousesfelldownandsandfilledthewells2ofwater.Peoplewere___3___(great)shocked.Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut4andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywaspletely5(destroy)andtheworldseemed6itsend.ThepeopleofTangshandidn’tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresenttohelptherescueworkers.___7___soldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthose8weretrapped.Theyalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Slowly,thecitybegantoebacktolife.Itwassaidthatbeforethequake,strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.Thewaterinthevillage___9___(well)roseandfell.Fishjumpedoutoftheponds.Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky,butpeoplethoughtlittleof10.Keys:1.wereinjured 2.instead3.greatly 4.off5.destroyed 6.at7.The/These 8.who9.wells 10.them三、閱讀理解WhalesarethreatenedbyavarietyofhumanactivitiesofftheWestCoastoftheUnitedStates,includingfishing,shiptraffic,andpollution.Theyhavebadeffectsonwhalepopulations,butarerarelyaddressedbycurrentwhaleprotectionpoliciesinCalifornia,accordingtoastudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Thestudy,publishedforopenaccessthisweekinthejournalMarinePolicy,examinesthemaincausesofdeathforninewhalespeciesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystem,whichstretchesfromBritishColumbia,CanadatoBajaCalifornia,Mexico.Thewhalesconsideredinthestudyincludegray,blue,fin,minke,NorthPacificright,andkillerwhales.“Wefindthatitispeoplethatdeemfishingcauseswhaledeath,”saidcoleadingauthorElizaOldach.“Butanumberofhumanactivitieshavemadethemodernoceanareallytoughenvironmentforwhalestosurvive.We’reexcitedabouteffortsthatlookbroadlytorebuildhealthyoceans.”Thereportfoundthatmaincontributorstowhaledeatharecurrently,targetedwithrelevantpolicyresponses:noise,waterqualityandmarine(海洋的)rubbish.Butthreeotherthreatsnutritionalstress,diseaseandpredation(捕食)needtoalsobeconsideredtoprovideamorewholeapproachtowardmanagingwhaledeaths.“Graywhalesmigrate(遷徙)over5,000milesbetweentheirbreedinggroundsateitherendoftheCaliforniaCurrent,”saidcoleadingauthorHelenKilleen.“Throughouttheirjourney,theymustpassthroughalargenumberofhumanactivities,fightingwithchangestotheirenvironmentcausedbyclimatechange.”ThestudyesastheCaliforniaOceanProtectionCouncil(COPC)aimstodevelopaplanforachievingzerodeathforwhalesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystemthisyear.Achievingsuchagoalrequiresunderstandingthekeydriversofwhaledeathsa