越軌社會學 第12版 課件 -C7 Suicide and Self-Harm

DeviantBehaviorTwelfthEditionChapter7SuicideandSelf-HarmCopyright?2019,2013,2010PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives(1of2)7.1:Differentiatetheapproachesofsuicidalindividuals7.2:Characterizethepracticeofself-injury7.3:Analyzethesocialfactorsinvolvedinbodyinjury7.4:Assessdemographictrendsassociatedwithsuicide7.5:DescribethesocialprofileofsuicidebombersLearningObjectives(2of2)7.6:Analyzesocialinfluencesonsuicide7.7:Describethefactorsinfluencingglobalpatternsofsuicide7.8:Evaluatesocialresponsestosuicide7.9:ComparepositivistandconstructivisttheoriesofsuicideIntroductionVarietiesofSuicidalExperienceObjective:DifferentiatetheapproachesofsuicidalindividualsThreetypesofsuicidalexperiencesThreateningSuicideAttemptingSuicideCommittingSuicideSuicidalfeelingsSelf-InjurersObjective:Characterizethepracticeofself-injuryMultiplereasonsforthesephysicalactsCuttingInsidetheSocialStructureandOrganizationofCuttingObjective:AnalyzethesocialfactorsinvolvedinbodyinjuryFormsofdeviantbehaviordefined“Individualdeviants,”vs.the“l(fā)oners”or“l(fā)onerdeviants”CuttersaremoredifficulttosituateinonespecificcategoryofdevianceCuttingandSuicideThetopicofsuicideisprominentinmostofthestudiesoncuttingClassificationsofself-injuryDurkheimandtheSociologicalOrigins

ofSelf-InjuryEmileDurkheimBodymarkingsandself-injuryTechnologyBodyPiercingBodyPiercing:Self-injuryorbodymodification?GroupswithHigherSuicideRates(1of4)Objective:AssessdemographictrendsassociatedwithsuicideStatsarenotalwaysreliableResidentsinrural,wide-openareasWhitesGroupswithHigherSuicideRates(2of4)ThelessreligiousMalesGroupswithHigherSuicideRates(3of4)Pro-anaandfatacceptanceadvocatesThedivorcedorsingleTherearelargedifferencesinsuicideratesbymaritalstatusGroupswithHigherSuicideRates(4of4)OlderpeopleU.S.suicideratestendstorisewithincreasingageTherelativelywell-offTable7.1StateswithHighestandLowestSuicideRatesStateSuicidesper100,000ResidentsPercentRuralPopulationperSquareMileWyoming2835.25.8Alaska26.934.01.2Montana25.344.16.8NewMexico23.722.617.0Utah22.49.433.6Average25.329.112.88Connecticut9.912.0738.1Massachusetts8.98.0839.4Maryland8.812.8594.8NewJersey8.35.31,195.5NewYork7.812.1411.2Average8.710.0755.8Sources:BasedonU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics,SuicideMortality,2015;UnitedStatesCensusBureau,2011.Table7.2GenderandSuicideMethodsSuicideMethodMaleFemaleFirearms55.431.0Poisoning*10.634.1Suffocation26.826.2Other7.28.6*Includesdrugoverdosesandgassings.Source:NationalStrategyforSuicidePrevention,2016.Figure7.1AgeandSuicideASocialProfileofSuicideBombersObjective:DescribethesocialprofileofsuicidebombersWhatistheprofileofasuicidebomber?SituationalFactorsinSuicide(1of2)Objective:AnalyzesocialinfluencesonsuicideGoingthroughadolescenceGoingtocollegeJoiningthemilitaryBeinginprisonSituationalFactorsinSuicide(2of2)BeingstrickenwithAIDSForeignbornLatinosUndermediaInfluenceTable7.3ChangesinSuicideRatesbyAgeGroupAge19992014%Change10–140.51.520015–243.04.65325–445.57.23145–646.09.86365–744.15.94475andover4.54.0?11AGlobalPerspectiveonSuicideObjective:DescribethefactorsinfluencingglobalpatternsofsuicideDevelopedsocietiesAffluent,industrializedsocietiesSocialResponsestoSuicideObjective:EvaluatesocialresponsestosuicideSurvivors’reactionsAdvocatingsuicideSuicidebycopPreventingsuicideSociologicalTheoriesofSuicide(1of4)Objective:ComparepositivistandconstructivisttheoriesofsuicideTosociologists,causesofsuicidedonotresidewithintheindividualSociologicalTheoriesofSuicide(2of4)ClassicalDurkheimianTheoryFigure7.2SchematicPresentationofD