北京2023年高考英語試題解析

2023年北京高考英語試題解析

Iwasalwaystimid（羞怯的）.Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven[,soitwassurprisingI'd

2toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice-towriteafive-pageessayon“WhyIShouldNot

TalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!

AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat-postponingthepain.

WhenIfinallysatdownto3、IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.

Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.

Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,Td

turntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.^^Thepagesbegan

5.

Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6、"Fivepages!That'simpossible!^^

“Well,you'dbettergetbacktowork,^^shesaid,“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou'rethrough.^^

Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda7-atleastan“Ihopeyou'velearned

yourlesson”.8.mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.

Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9theyweren't

makingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10stillneededsome

nudging（激發(fā)）,butIdidlearnIwasn'tshyinprint.

1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier

2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat

3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read

4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing

5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin

6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning

7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution

8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead

9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict

10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence

【答案】l.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者很害羞，剛來到新學(xué)校后更加害羞，不愛說話。于是老師讓

作者寫一篇五頁的“我為什么不應(yīng)該在課上講話”的文章。作者寫的文章很搞笑，第二天當(dāng)老師在課堂上

讀作者的文章時(shí)，同學(xué)們都笑了起來。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞比較級(jí)詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人

驚訝的。A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷靜的；D.happier更高興的。由上文“Iwasalways

timid（羞怯的）”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以剛到新學(xué)校更加害羞了，故選B。

【2題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。

A.nod點(diǎn)頭；B.point指；C.listen聽；D.chat閑聊。由下文"NowIwaspayingtheprice-towriteafive-page

essayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.（現(xiàn)在我在付出代價(jià)——就“我為什么不應(yīng)該在班里說話”寫一篇

五頁的文章）”和"1beganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear."可知，布萊克老師想知道我為什么

不在班里說話的原因，由此可知，當(dāng)老師想讓我和同學(xué)們說話時(shí)，我認(rèn)為要我和身邊的任何人聊天這是很

令人驚訝的，故選D。

【3題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我終于坐下來開始寫作時(shí)，我首先說出了布萊克老師想聽的理由。A.weep哭

泣；B.rest休息；C.write寫；D.read讀。由上文“towriteafive-pageessayon"WhyIShouldNotTalkin

Class"”可知，此處write是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我開始寫這篇五頁的文章，故選C。

【4題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:談話使我和我的鄰桌不能學(xué)習(xí)。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.playing玩；C.planning計(jì)

劃；D.laughing笑。由上文“NowIwaspayingtheprice-towriteafive-pageessayon"WhyIShouldNotTalk

inClass".Thatwouldtakeallnight!"和"IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.”可知，現(xiàn)在我要寫

一篇五頁的文章，那要花費(fèi)我一晚上，所以說和鄰桌談話會(huì)阻止我和鄰居學(xué)習(xí)，且以談話會(huì)妨礙學(xué)習(xí)來解

釋，說明自己愛學(xué)習(xí)，這也是老師愿意聽到的，故選A。

【5題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：書頁開始飛逝。A.standingout突出；B.flyingby飛越；飛逝;C.breakingup

分手；D.checkingin登記。由上文uWithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.

WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.'"'可知,我開始寫出很多內(nèi)容,所以此處用flyby

來說明我很快寫出了很多頁，故選B。

【6題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)媽媽下班回家的時(shí)候，我仍然在抱怨，“五頁！這不可能！"A.celebrating

慶祝；B.longing渴望;C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。由下文“"Fivepages!That'simpossible!”"可

知，我認(rèn)為我不可能寫完這五頁的內(nèi)容，所以在抱怨，故選C。

【7題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我有點(diǎn)期待得到一種說教——至少一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。A.lecture

說教;B.reason原因;C.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.solution解決辦法。由下文“atleastan"Ihopeyou'velearnedyour

lesson”.“可知，“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)I”這是一種說教，故選A。

【8題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，媽媽一邊讀一邊笑。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover止匕外；C.Meanwhile

同時(shí)；D.Instead代替；反而。前后句子“Ihalfexpecteda7-atleastan"Ihopeyou'velearnedyour

lesson'1."amumlaughedandlaughedassheread."內(nèi)容相反，應(yīng)用instead,我本期待得到媽媽的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),然

而媽媽非但沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，反而在讀我的文章時(shí)一邊讀一邊笑，故選D。

【9題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我能判斷出他們不是在取笑我:他們笑是因?yàn)槲矣心芰χv一個(gè)有趣的故事。A.hope

希望；B.imagine想象;C.tell告訴；看出,判斷出；區(qū)分；D.predict預(yù)計(jì)。由下文"theyweren'tmakingfbn

ofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.n可知，我能判斷出來，他們笑是因?yàn)槲抑v的

故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故選C。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推動(dòng)，但我確實(shí)學(xué)到了我在寫作的時(shí)候并不害羞。A.

patience耐心；B.confidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence獨(dú)立。由下文"stillneededsome

nudging(激發(fā)),but1didlearnIwasn'tshyinprint.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一

些推動(dòng)，故選B。

第二節(jié)(共15分)

A

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時(shí)).I'mBritish.Soonaftermoving

toSwitzerland,I11(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup

12(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,only

tofindthatnootherguest13(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.

【答案】11.wouldthrow

12.exactly

13.hadarrived

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在瑞士和法國體驗(yàn)到的不同的守時(shí)習(xí)俗。

【11題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個(gè)喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常

驚訝。表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。故填wouldthrow。

32題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個(gè)喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常

驚訝。修飾介詞短語ontime應(yīng)用副詞exactly,故填exactly。

【13題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：多年以后，搬到法國后，我在約定的時(shí)間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場，女主人還穿

著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadarrived。

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Mangroves,knownas“redfbrest“inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.

When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyare

praisedas“coastalguardians,,.Uptonow,China16(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswith

mangroves.

【答案】14.seen

15.cities16.hasestablished

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。紅樹林，生長在陸地和海洋之間，有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲,

到目前為止，中國已建立了一批紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。

【14題詳解】

考查狀語從句的省略。句意：從遠(yuǎn)處看，紅樹林顯得更加壯觀。逗號(hào)前面是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，

當(dāng)狀語從句和主句主語是同一主語時(shí)，且從句含有be動(dòng)詞，從句可以省略主語和be動(dòng)詞。在從句中，主語

為themangroveforests,和動(dòng)詞see是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，完整形式為whentheyare

seenfromafar,省略主語和be動(dòng)詞，故填seen。

【15題詳解】

考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲。此處應(yīng)用名詞city作賓語，

為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。

【16題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了一些紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。由Uptonow（到目前為止）

可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語是China,助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has,故填hasestablished。

C

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention17

globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,18thousandswere

attendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction19（address）thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld

20（face）“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater".Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunning

throughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue^^.

【答案】17.to18.where

19.toaddress

20.facing

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。尼娜在32個(gè)國家跑過馬拉松。她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)

注全球水資源問題。最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水會(huì)

議。她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。她的努力鼓勵(lì)其他人參與到

一場名為“藍(lán)色奔跑”的全球運(yùn)動(dòng)中來。

【17題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。表示“關(guān)注”短

語為callattentionto。故填to。

【18題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水

會(huì)議。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chicago,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。

【19題詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句

子結(jié)構(gòu)可知address在句中作目的狀語，故用不定式。故填toaddress。

【20題詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句

子結(jié)構(gòu)可知face與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填facing。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并

在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

TheInternationalOlympicCommittee（IOC）YbungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositive

differenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsfora

four-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.

TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint（沖刺）.

4-WeekLearningSprint

The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.

ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,

participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflectiontask.

The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.

Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport-based

project,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.

RequirementsfortheApplicants

?Youhavesuccessfiillycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.

?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.

?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.

?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.

?Youareseirmotivatedandcommitted.

?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.

?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers（同伴）.

?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds

21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill.

A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogramme

C.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject

22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto.

A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannel

C.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers

23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?

A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.

C.Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.

【答案】21.B22.C23.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)成為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖的項(xiàng)目以及要求。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduring

November2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.Thesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyare

madeavailableontheIOCchannel.（為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺是一個(gè)虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，將于2023年11月進(jìn)行。這些

會(huì)議可以現(xiàn)場觀看，也可以在IOC頻道播出后觀看）”可知，在為期四周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加虛擬

學(xué)習(xí)課程。故選B。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,you

willneedtosubmitaplanforasport-basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.（在

成功完成為期4周的沖刺學(xué)習(xí)后，您需要提交一份以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，如果您被選為國際奧委會(huì)青

年領(lǐng)袖，您將參與其中）”可知，如果被選為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，需要做一個(gè)以運(yùn)動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目。故選

Co

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.（你至

少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)）”可知，對申請人的要求是至少一年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B。

Sittinginthegardenfbrmyfriend'sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz（振動(dòng)）inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawthe

emailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff:"DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest,,and"thereviewprocess

tooklongerthanexpected.^^Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…"andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.The

position——measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfelt

liketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.

Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroad

formysciencecareer.

SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,

invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequally

shocked——andoveijoyed——whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.

Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.

Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.

Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthe

lockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.

WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesired

researchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathad

seemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective（視角）tokeepitfrom

sendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcited

about.

Ratherthansettingplansinstone,TvelearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,

eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.

24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname?

A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.

25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto

A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesert

C.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork

26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas

A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing

27.Whatcanweleamfromthispassage?

A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.

C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.

【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，告訴我們最初的

拒絕給予了更好的方向。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff:''DearMr

Green,thankyouforyourinteresf'and"thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected."Itendedwith“Wearesorry

toinformyou...”andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.（當(dāng)我看到郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)，我的心跳加速了。這封郵件是

這樣開頭的：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，“審核過程比預(yù)期的要長?！毙诺慕Y(jié)尾是“我們很抱

歉地通知你……”，我的視線模糊了）”可知，收到的是被拒絕的郵件，所以推測作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件

人的名字時(shí)感到焦慮。故選A。

【25題詳解】

2田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowas

runningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafew

weekslaterIwasequallyshocked——andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsI

couldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwas

goingtogiveitmyall.（HjhL,當(dāng)我收到這封郵件后不久，負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的瑪麗?德文教授邀請我去她的實(shí)驗(yàn)

室觀察正在進(jìn)行的工作時(shí)，我感到非常震驚。我欣然接受了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，幾周后，當(dāng)她邀請我和她談?wù)勎铱?/p>

以在她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里從事的潛在項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我同樣感到震驚一一同時(shí)也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建議似乎沒有我

最初申請的項(xiàng)目那么令人興奮，但我打算全力以赴）”可知，與德文教授交談后，作者決定全心全意地投入

實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。故選D。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafrom

thedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,not

onlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinterestto

pursue.（我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和一個(gè)機(jī)器人教授一起研究從沙漠中遠(yuǎn)程收集數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。我可以在沙發(fā)上完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)

目，而不是在沙漠的酷熱中完成，它不僅在封鎖期間幸存下來，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。

最后，我有了新的科學(xué)興趣去追求）”可推知，機(jī)器人學(xué)教授的項(xiàng)目很鼓舞人心。故選B。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段uRatherthansettingplansinstone,TvelearnedthatsometimesIneedtotakethe

opportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofIhem.（我明白了有

時(shí)候我需要抓住提供的機(jī)會(huì)，即使這些機(jī)會(huì)在當(dāng)時(shí)聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不變地制

定計(jì)劃）”結(jié)合文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好

的方向。故C選項(xiàng)“拒絕可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故選C。

Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantproblemin

industrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeofthe

world'smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColeargues

thattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyofthe

instantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow^^.

Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemoment

attheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,this

biassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintothe

unwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（犧牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthat

mattersisnextquarter'sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.

Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychological

biasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereare

others.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.For

instance,youmighthearsomeonesay:"It'scoldthiswinter,soIneedn'tworryaboutglobalwarming.^Anotheris

thatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguably

mattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.

Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens（夕卜星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn'tsendships;they

wouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformof

collective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutof

theordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlong

drives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.

28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.

A.drawacomparison

B.introduceatopic

C.evaluateastatement

D.highlightaproblem

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.

B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.

C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.

D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.

30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.

B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.

C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.

D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.

【答案】28.D29.C30.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)

重大問題。事實(shí)證明，人們對現(xiàn)在有偏見，以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，專注于當(dāng)下有吸引力的事物，而犧牲了未

來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定。

28題詳解】

推理判斷題。第，一段首句uInrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowa

significantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.（近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工

業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。）”提出一個(gè)問題短期主義，接著下文uThehistorianFrancisColearguesthat

theWesthasenteredaperiodwhere"onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyofthe

instantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.（歷史學(xué)家弗朗西斯?科爾（FrancisCole）認(rèn)為,西方已經(jīng)進(jìn)入

了一個(gè)“只有現(xiàn)在存在的時(shí)代,現(xiàn)在的特點(diǎn)是瞬間的殘酷和無休止的現(xiàn)在的無聊“引用歷史學(xué)家Francis

Cole的話來強(qiáng)調(diào)只注重現(xiàn)在的這種短期主義的危害，由此可推知I,文章引用FrancisCol的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)一

個(gè)問題，故選D。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens（外星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity,they

wouldn'tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,we

candevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairsthey

encounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.L位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想削弱人類，他們不會(huì)派出

飛船；他們會(huì)發(fā)明氣候變化。的確，在環(huán)境變化的問題上，我們可以形成一種集體的“記憶不良”，每一

代人都會(huì)認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況并沒有什么不同尋常的）”可知，一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人

想要削弱人類，他們會(huì)發(fā)明氣候變化，通過這種方式來削弱人類，因?yàn)槿藗儗τ跉夂蜃兓纬梢环N集體的

“記憶不良”，認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況沒什么異常的，由此可推知人們不擅長察覺出緩慢的變化，故選C。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段uInrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthat

short-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.（近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)

為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。）”提出一個(gè)問題——短期主義，和第二段“Ithasbeen

provedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpense

ofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesas

short-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnessto

makesmallsacrifices（犧牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.（事實(shí)證明人們對現(xiàn)在有偏見，以

犧牲健康為代價(jià)，只專注于當(dāng)下引人注目的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和穩(wěn)定。在商業(yè)

中，這種偏見表現(xiàn)為短視決策。在氣候變化等緩慢燃燒的問題上，這意味著不愿意今天做出小的犧牲，而

這些犧牲可能會(huì)在明天產(chǎn)生重大影響。）”可知，文章主要講述了短視決策的危害，呼吁我們要做出有遠(yuǎn)見

的思考。由此可推知，作者的寫作目的是告訴我們有遠(yuǎn)見的思考對人類的重要性，故選A。

Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestionsthisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:we

knowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificial

life-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife?sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthese

practitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.

Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,such

asdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.

Askingabout“thepoint“ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceofaliving

systemisnotabouttheuseofanything.,,Alansays.uSomepeopleaskme,4Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife?'Do

youeverthink,€Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?,,,

AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallife

couldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife?scousininthatresearchersinboth

fieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution（演化）.Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreate

essentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof"noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth9s

biosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity“insomevirtualmodel,thosesame

principlescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisa

fieldinwhichthecentralconcept——lifeitself——isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelp

either.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALife

miiTorstheverysubjectitstudies.Ilsmuddled（混亂的）progressionisastrikingparallel（平行線）tothe

evolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.

Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,

ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsof

evolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlike

lifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.

31.RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

32.Whatdoestheword“enamored“underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.

C.AImin,orsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?

B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?

C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?

D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?

【答案】31.A32.C33.B34.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要探討了ALife是否也在不斷地進(jìn)化的問題。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattempts

tocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.（盡管許多ALifer討厭強(qiáng)調(diào)他們研究的應(yīng)用，但創(chuàng)造人工生

命的嘗試可能會(huì)有實(shí)際的回報(bào)）”可知，作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造人工生命的嘗試是會(huì)有回報(bào)的；再結(jié)合第二段“