WeleUnitDiscoveringusefulstrutures課件高中英語人教版

Let’sreviewWhatIsSubject?1.S(subject)主語1.1Atigereatsmeat.

S1.2Heismyfather.

S1.3.Mr.Woodisateacher.

S

Whatcanbe“subject”inasentence?atiger?noun√he?pronoun√Mr.Wood?noun×name√Let’sreviewWhatIsVerb?2.V(verb)謂語動(dòng)詞2.1Atigereatsmeat.

V2.2Afishcanswim.

V2.3.He

doesn’tlike

fruit.

V

Whatcanbe“verb”inasentence?can=V×doesn’t=V×canswim√Let’sreviewWhatIsObject?3.O(object)賓語3.1Atigereats

meat.

O3.2Ilikeit.

O3.3HecalledTom.

O

Whatcanbe“object”inasentence?meat?noun√it?pronoun√Tom?nameLet’sreviewWhatIsPredicative?4.P(predicative)表語4.1Helooks

fine.

P

4.2Youarehappy.

P4.3Hebecameateacher.

P

Whatcanbe“predicative”inasentence?=linkverblinkverb+adj./noun=PPcontainsaverb!Let’sreviewWhatIsAdverbial?5.A(adverbial)狀語5.1HelivesinShenzhen.

A

5.2Yougotoschoolbybus.

A5.3Hewasbornin1918.

A

Whatcanbe“adverbial”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsDO(DirectObjective)?6.DO(directobjective)直接賓語6.1Hegavemeapen.

DO

6.2Weboughthimagift.

DO6.3Hewrotemealetter.

DO

Whatcanbe“directobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsIO(IndirectObjective)?7.IO(indirectobjective)間接賓語7.1Hegavemeapen.

IO

7.2WeboughtMr.Woodagift.

IO7.3Hewrotehismotheraletter.

IO

Whatcanbe“indirectobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsC(Complement)?8.C(complement)賓語補(bǔ)足語8.1Thewarmadehimahero.

C

8.2Thefirelefthimhomeless.

C8.3Hefoundhisglassesbroken.

C

Whatcanbe“complement”inasentence?句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。PDOOAC

(subject)SV(verb)(object)

(predicative)

(adverbial)

(directobject)I0(indirectobject)（同位語）appositive（定語）attribute主語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語直接賓語表語賓語間接賓語謂語Thecarrunsfast.Sheiskind.EightisaluckynumberinChina.Swimmingismyfavorite.Toseeistobelieve.Whatweneedistime.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.名詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞不定式代詞數(shù)詞主語從句

it:形式主語1.Findoutthesubjectsinthefollowingsentencesandthinkabouttheirfunctions.主語：句子敘述的主體，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。說明主語“做什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語通常是動(dòng)詞。謂語V(verb)2、復(fù)合謂語：a.由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞某種形式構(gòu)成。

HecanspeakEnglish.b.助動(dòng)詞：幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，不同時(shí)態(tài)有不同的助動(dòng)詞,

后加動(dòng)詞的某種形式構(gòu)成謂語。Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.1、簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語Helookedaftertwoboys.找出謂語1.Theysawanexhibitionyesterday.2.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.3.Shewantstojointheclub.4.Ienjoyedlisteningtopopularmusic.5.Ithinkheisfitforhisoffice.6.Peoplefinditimportanttogetagoodeducation.7.Hetoldusastory.3.Underlinetheobjects.名詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞

賓語從句

形式賓語間接賓語

直接賓語賓語：動(dòng)作的對象、承受者。賓語由名詞，代詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句等或者是相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或者是短語充當(dāng)在動(dòng)詞后方所跟的雙賓語中，表示物的叫做直接賓語directobject（簡稱“直賓”），表示人的叫做間接賓語(indirectobject)。Hereadusthetext.→Hereadthetexttous.Mysisterwrote

mealetter.→Mysisterwrotealettertome.HenryteachesusEnglish.→HenryteachesEnglishtous.Mymotherboughtmeawatch.→Mymotherboughtawatchforme.Hermothermadeheracake.→Hermothermadeacakeforher.

直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject雙賓語人是間接賓語，物是直接賓語雙賓語：IO+DO4.linking-verbIamhappy.Thedayturnslong.Hegetsangry.Heseemsill.Itremainsamystery.--后跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語的狀態(tài)、身份、特征等說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動(dòng)詞之后Hermotherisateacher.Iamten.Hebecamerichandsuccessful.Everyoneishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.表語predicative（名詞）（數(shù)詞）（形容詞）

（副詞）（介詞短語）（不定式）HisfathernamedhimTerry.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Shethinksheragoodteacher.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrowmorning.賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞接賓語后，意義仍然不完整，還需要一個(gè)句子成分來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的意義，狀態(tài)等，這就是賓語補(bǔ)足語。Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’s

sister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾，限定作用的句子成分。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

6.Shesatthere,readingabook.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.時(shí)間原因條件地點(diǎn)方式伴隨目的結(jié)果讓步比較狀語用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞短語或句子.可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等。ＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They5.He6.He7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.listenstoclassicalmusic..不及物動(dòng)詞后面不可直接加賓語。如需要加賓語，需要添加介詞②SVO

主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語此句型中謂語是及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達(dá)完整。注意：一些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加介詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，之后可加賓語。例1Youmust

listentoyourteacher.例2Myfather

arrivedinLondonyesterday.例3Heis

laughingatthecrippledwoman.例4I’ll

writeabout

myfootballteaminmyfuturebooks.③SVP

主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語此類型的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的表語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。例1Shebecame

asinger.例2Mybrotheris

out

now.例3Breakfastsmells

good.④SVIODO主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語例2IboughtTomabirthdaygift.間接賓語直接賓語例1Ishowedhermyphotos.間接賓語直接賓語常見的可接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等所有畫線部分都是短語(詞組)。Thefirstweek,thebuilding,myfirstFrenchclass和theteacher屬于名詞短語。alittleconfusing，sobig,completelylost,veryconfusing都屬于形容詞短語。soquickly自成一體，屬于副詞短語。共性總結(jié)短語或詞組是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。短語或詞組(Phrases)是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。在高中階段，常見的短語形式有：名詞短語、

短語、

短語、

短語及

短語等。形容詞副詞介詞動(dòng)詞名詞短語1.請完成下列表格，并寫出其相應(yīng)的構(gòu)成形式名詞短語構(gòu)成

兩輛車限定詞＋名詞

一位漂亮的女孩__________________________________________________________我校一個(gè)美麗的校區(qū)________________________

我的學(xué)校生活__________________________twocarsabeautifulgirlabeautifulcampusofmyschoolmyschoollife限定詞＋形容詞(短語)＋名詞限定詞＋名詞＋介詞短語限定詞＋描述性名詞＋名詞名詞短語是指以一個(gè)名詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語。NounPhrase（NP）(1)限定詞包括:冠詞(a/an/the)指示代詞(this/that/these/those等)物主代詞(my/your/his/her/our/their等)不定代詞(some/no/neither/both等)數(shù)詞(one/two/first/second等)。名詞短語(nounphrases)(2)多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)?限定詞—數(shù)詞—描繪詞—出處—材料性質(zhì)—類別—名詞。如：asmallroundtable/atallgraybuilding/adirtyoldbrownshirt/afamousGermanmedicalschool/anexpensiveJapanesesportscar順口溜記憶:縣(限定詞)官(觀點(diǎn)形容詞)行(形狀形容詞)大(大小形容詞)令(年齡新舊形容詞)射(顏色形容詞)國(國家等出處形容詞)才(材料質(zhì)地等形容詞)。名詞短語(nounphrases)2.請完成下列句子，并寫出這些名詞短語的句法功能完成句子句法功能

attractedalotofreaders.這篇文章有趣的標(biāo)題吸引了很多讀者。_____Howtofightagainstsuchadiseaseis

today.怎樣與那種疾病作斗爭是今天的熱點(diǎn)話題。_____Shebought

.她給母親買了一些花。_____Peopleconsideredhim