高中英語Unit 9 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language課件

Unit9SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.通過對(duì)教材的理解,了解重要詞匯的基本用法。(語言能力)2.通過導(dǎo)學(xué)案的套用,以練促學(xué),鞏固內(nèi)化單詞、短語和句式,并學(xué)以致用。(學(xué)習(xí)能力)3.通過對(duì)教材的理解,學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用完成時(shí)。(語言能力)【自主預(yù)習(xí)】Step1單詞認(rèn)讀1.n.(完成困難事情的)能力;才能→adj.有能力的;有才能的

2.vt.計(jì)算;核算→n.計(jì)算;估計(jì)→n.計(jì)算器

3.n.物理學(xué)家→n.物理學(xué)→adj.身體的;肉體的

4.vi.&vt.革新;創(chuàng)新;改革→n.革新;創(chuàng)新→adj.革新的;創(chuàng)新的

5.adv.人為地;虛假地→adj.人造的;假的

6.n.比較→adj.比較的→v.比較;對(duì)比;與……類似(或相似)

7.adv.完全地→adj.全部的;整體的;完全的

8.adj.準(zhǔn)確的;正確的→n.精確;準(zhǔn)確→adj.不準(zhǔn)確的

9.n.診療;治療;療法;對(duì)待方式→v.對(duì)待;看待

10.adj.僅僅;只不過;極小的;極不重要的→adv.僅僅;只不過

11.n.福氣;幸運(yùn)→v.祝福;祝圣→adj.神圣的;有福的;愉快安寧的

答案1.capability;capable2.calculate;calculation;calculator3.physicist;physics;physical4.innovate;innovation;innovative5.artificially;parison;comparative;compare7.wholly;whole8.accurate;accuracy;inaccurate9.treatment;treat10.mere;merely11.blessing;bless;blessed構(gòu)詞規(guī)律v.+-tion→n.v.+-ing→n.calculationn.計(jì)算innovationn.革新;創(chuàng)新blessingn.福氣;幸運(yùn)paintingn.油畫Step2短語記誦1.beboundto

2.alargenumberof

3.takecareof

4.becrucialfor

答案1.一定會(huì);一定要2.大量3.照顧4.對(duì)……來說至關(guān)重要Step3佳句賞析1.ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.(動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語)

翻譯第一只成功克隆的動(dòng)物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。仿寫Thecompanyisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.

這家由5個(gè)小工廠組成的公司正面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī)。2.Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned!(動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語)

翻譯它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動(dòng)物(哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別,包括猿、猴子和人類)!仿寫Mymotheristhefirstwomaninhervillage.

我母親是她村里第一位接受高等教育的女性。3.Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.(while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)翻譯雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。仿寫,theyalsogiveusbeneficialvitaminD.

雖然太陽光會(huì)老化和傷害我們的皮膚,但是它們也能給我們提供有益的維生素D。答案1.madeupof5smallfactories2.toreceivehigheducation3.While/Although/Thoughthesun'srayscanageandharmourskin【合作探究】新知探究解析教材TOCLONEORNOTTOCLONECloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyorartificially.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidenticaltwins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg(1).

克隆還是不克隆克隆是通過自然或人為的方式,對(duì)植物或動(dòng)物進(jìn)行精確復(fù)制、培育的過程。自然克隆由來已久。例如,園丁們從植物上截取一段,放在合適的培養(yǎng)基中(例如土壤),就是一種克隆。自然克隆的另一個(gè)例子是同卵雙胞胎,它們是由同一個(gè)卵子(受精)產(chǎn)生的。【助讀點(diǎn)撥】(1)who引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞identicaltwins。Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimalsartificially.ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.Atfirst,Dollygrewnormally,butlatershedevelopedanillnessthatismorenormallyfoundinmucholderanimals.Shelivedforsixandahalfyears,onlyhalfthelifeofthesheepfromwhichshewascloned.AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20mammalspecies,includingcamels,cattle,deer,dogs,goatsandmice.However,theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealthproblemswiththeseotherspeciesaswell.Thishasledtoquestionssuchas,“Willthisbeamajorissueforallclonedanimals?”“Willitcontinuetohappenforever?”.

InJanuary2018,thecloningoftwolong-tailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,wasannouncedbyChinesescientists.Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned!Incomparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”,anddoingsowithnon-reproductivecellswasevenmorecomplicated.DrSunQiang,directoroftheresearchteam,saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.Therehadbeenanumberoffailuresbeforetheyeventuallyfoundawaytosuccessfullycloneamonkey.Thereasontheyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrierwastogetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodelsthatarehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth.(2)

多年來,人們一直在嘗試人工克隆動(dòng)物。第一只成功克隆的動(dòng)物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。起初,多莉發(fā)育正常,但后來患上了一種疾病,這種疾病更常見于衰老的動(dòng)物。多莉活了6年半,壽命只有母體綿羊的一半。繼多莉之后,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)克隆了20多種哺乳動(dòng)物,包括駱駝、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。然而,在這些物種的克隆動(dòng)物身上科學(xué)家們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了(與多莉羊)相似的健康問題。這引發(fā)了一些疑問,例如:“這會(huì)是所有克隆動(dòng)物的主要問題嗎?”“這個(gè)問題會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去嗎?”2018年1月,中國科學(xué)家宣布成功克隆兩只長尾猴,中中和華華。它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動(dòng)物(哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別,包括猿、猴子和人類)!與其他的物種相比,克隆靈長類動(dòng)物被證明要“困難得多”,而使用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆則更為復(fù)雜。研究小組的負(fù)責(zé)人孫強(qiáng)博士說,他們?nèi)硇牡赝度氲窖芯恐?5年多來每周7天,每天24小時(shí)照看1000多只猴子。歷經(jīng)多次失敗,他們最終找到了成功克隆猴子的方法。他們之所以如此努力地要突破這一技術(shù)壁壘,是為了獲得經(jīng)過基因編輯的動(dòng)物,研制動(dòng)物模型,為醫(yī)學(xué)研究和人類健康發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn)?！局x點(diǎn)撥】(2)theyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrier是省略了關(guān)系副詞why的定語從句,修飾先行詞Thereason;thatarehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞animalmodels。Thesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthroughthatmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess.Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenesinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds.Thiscouldhelpsaveresearchtime,reducethenumberofanimalsrequiredfortesting,producemoreaccurateresults,andleadtomoreeffectivetreatments.靈長類動(dòng)物的成功克隆獲得了全世界的贊譽(yù),被認(rèn)為是一項(xiàng)巨大的突破,從而為治愈多種疾病、延緩衰老提供線索。有了這項(xiàng)技術(shù),我們就有可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)培育大量基因相同的猴子,甚至可以改變它們的基因,以適應(yīng)研究需要。這有助于節(jié)省研究時(shí)間,減少實(shí)驗(yàn)所需動(dòng)物的數(shù)量,使實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確、治療方法更有效。Cloning,however,continuestobeanissuethatcausesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions.Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.Theybelieveitisboundtoleadtocloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethicalquestionsthisraises.Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity(3).Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.

但是,克隆仍是一個(gè)會(huì)引起很多爭議、激起強(qiáng)烈情緒的問題。雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。他們認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)必將導(dǎo)致其他物種的克隆,擔(dān)心由此引起的倫理問題。比如,他們提出克隆體是被當(dāng)作物體還是具有獨(dú)特個(gè)性的個(gè)體。而且,克隆體可能僅僅被看作母體的復(fù)制品,因此被認(rèn)為更低等。最后,他們擔(dān)心某些組織可能會(huì)出于不道德的目的濫用該技術(shù)?！局x點(diǎn)撥】(3)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作wonder的賓語。Sofar,itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup(4).Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument(5).Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”

到目前為止,我們?nèi)圆磺宄兄泻腿A華長大后會(huì)發(fā)生什么。研究人員認(rèn)為,克隆科學(xué)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步得到探索與發(fā)展。正如愛因斯坦所言:“科學(xué)是一種強(qiáng)有力的工具。怎樣使用它,究竟是給人類帶來幸福還是帶來災(zāi)難,完全取決于人類自己,而不取決于工具。刀子是有用的,但刀子也能殺人?！薄局x點(diǎn)撥】(4)what引導(dǎo)主語從句,it作形式主語代替真正的主語,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。(5)Howitisused作主語從句,dependson作謂語動(dòng)詞,whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。核心單詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)1justifyvt.證明……有道理;為……辯護(hù);是……的正當(dāng)理由*justifiedadj.(做某事)有正當(dāng)理由的*justadj.公正的;合理的adv.只是;僅僅;剛才(牛津詞典)Howcantheyjustifypayingsuchhugesalaries?他們?cè)跄茏C明付這么大筆薪金是正當(dāng)?shù)哪?知識(shí)拓展justify(doing)sth證明……(做)某事是正當(dāng)?shù)膉ustify...to...向……證明……是合理的bejustifiedindoing...有理由做某事經(jīng)典佳句Howcouldteachersjustifyspendingsomuchtimeonoutdooractivities?教師們?cè)撊绾巫C明花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)上是合理的呢?Hetriedtojustifyhisabsencewithlameexcuses.他試圖用站不住腳的借口為自己的缺席辯解。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句填空(1)Howwillyoujustifythispaycutyouremployees?

(2)Thedecisionis(justify)onthegroundsthatthereisnorealisticalternative.

(3)Heisfullyjustifiedin(do)so.

答案(1)to(2)justified(3)doing知識(shí)點(diǎn)2calculatevt.計(jì)算;核算*calculationn.計(jì)算;推測(cè)*calculatorn.計(jì)算器(牛津詞典)Usetheformulatocalculatethevolumeofthecontainer.用公式計(jì)算容器的容積。知識(shí)拓展calculateon(doing)sth指望或依靠(做)某事Itiscalculatedthat...據(jù)估算……becalculatedtodosth打算做某事;可能做某事圖解釋義Mothers'devotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated.母親對(duì)孩子的奉獻(xiàn)幾乎無法計(jì)算。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)Wecan'tcalculategoodweatherforthebarbecue.

(2)Thisadvertisementiscalculated(attract)theattentionofhousewives.

(3)Byhis(calculate),itcouldsaveairlineshundredsofmillionsofdollarsayear.

(4)Ithasbeen(calculate)thatthelossfromtheearthquakeislikelytobemorethanahundredmilliondollars.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(5)(2023·福建寧德期末)thepopulationofChinaismorethan1.4billion.

據(jù)估算中國人口已超過14億。答案(1)on(2)toattract(3)calculation(4)calculated(5)Itiscalculatedthat知識(shí)點(diǎn)3participantn.參加者;參與者*participationn.參加;參與*participatevi.參加;參與(牛津詞典)Hehasbeenanactiveparticipantinthediscussion.他一直積極參與這次討論。知識(shí)拓展participatein(doing)sthwithsb與某人一起參加/參與(做)某事participatewithsbinsth與某人分擔(dān)某事經(jīng)典佳句Weencourageanyonetoparticipateinthesingingcompetitionandtheparticipantwhowinswillbegivenagiftasarewardfortheparticipation.我們鼓勵(lì)任何人參加歌唱比賽,獲勝者將獲得一份禮品作為參賽獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。名師點(diǎn)撥participate是不及物動(dòng)詞,常與in構(gòu)成搭配,同義短語有joinin、takepartin等。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)Everyoneintheclassisexpectedtoactivelyparticipatethesediscussions.

(2)Sheparticipatedherfriendsintheirsufferings.

(3)Wewereverypleasedwiththehighlevelof(participate)inthecharityevents.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(4)(2023·河南信陽一中月考)KnowingthatyouhaveanappetiteforChineseculture,Isincerely.

得知你喜歡中國文化,我真誠邀請(qǐng)你參加這個(gè)演講比賽。答案(1)in(2)with(3)participation(4)inviteyoutoparticipatein/joinin/takepartinthespeechcontest知識(shí)點(diǎn)4servevi.&vt.(為……)工作;服務(wù);履行義務(wù);盡職責(zé);(給某人)提供;端上*servicen.(對(duì)顧客的)接待;服務(wù);公共服務(wù)系統(tǒng);公共事業(yè)*servingn.(供一個(gè)人吃的)一份食物(P51)Aperson'slifeislimitedbutservingthepeopleislimitless.人的生命是有限的,但是為人民服務(wù)是無限的。知識(shí)拓展servesbwithsth為某人提供某物servesthtosb=servesbsth給某人端上;用……招待某人serveas用作;當(dāng)作;充當(dāng)經(jīng)典佳句IfIamluckyenoughtobeelected,Iwillmakeeveryefforttoservethestudentsandourclub.如果我有幸當(dāng)選,我將盡最大努力為學(xué)生和社團(tuán)服務(wù)。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.最近在食品服務(wù)行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了低脂肪和少鹽的趨勢(shì)。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarming(喬遷慶宴)thereisn'talotoffood(serve).

(2)Sheshowedmeintothefrontroom,whichservedheroffice.

(3)Don'teatsomethingyoudon'twanttoeat,butdon'toffendthepeoplewhoservedityou.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(4)Theoryisbasedonpracticeand.

理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ),反過來又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。答案(1)served(2)as(3)to(4)inturnservespractice知識(shí)點(diǎn)5comparisonn.比較;對(duì)比*comparevt.比較;將……比作(P52)Incomparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”,anddoingsowithnon-reproductivecellswasevenmorecomplicated.與其他的物種相比,克隆靈長類動(dòng)物被證明要“困難得多”,而使用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆則更為復(fù)雜。知識(shí)拓展bycomparison比較起來;相比之下by/incomparison(withsb/sth)(與……)相比較compareto/with...和……相比compare...to...把……比作……compare...with...把……和……比較經(jīng)典佳句Itisdifficulttomakeacomparisonwithherpreviousbook—theyarecompletelydifferent.這很難與她以前的書相比——兩者是截然不同的。Theywerelivingratherwell,incomparisonwithpeopleelsewhereintheworld.和世界上其他地方的人相比,他們生活得相當(dāng)好。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句填空(1)Wealsoliketocompareyoungpeopleflowers,astheyarefullofvigorandnewideas.

(2)Thoseplacesaremoderncomparisonwiththecountryside.

(3)Wecarefullycomparedthefirstreportthesecond.

答案(1)to(2)by/in(3)with知識(shí)點(diǎn)6devotev.把……獻(xiàn)(給);把……用于;專心于;奉獻(xiàn)*devotedadj.忠實(shí)的;深愛的*devotionn.奉獻(xiàn);關(guān)愛(P52)DrSunQiang,directoroftheresearchteam,saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.研究小組的負(fù)責(zé)人孫強(qiáng)博士說,他們?nèi)硇牡赝度氲窖芯恐?5年多來每周7天,每天24小時(shí)照看1000多只猴子。知識(shí)拓展devote...to(doing)sth把……獻(xiàn)給/用于(做)某事devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于;專心致力于經(jīng)典佳句Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.事實(shí)上,他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千千萬萬的中國農(nóng)民一樣。Yourfaithfuldevotionisoneofyourbestqualities,butbecarefulnottobecometoodependentonothers.你的忠實(shí)奉獻(xiàn)是你最美好的品質(zhì)之一,但要注意不要過分依賴別人。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)His(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswell-known.

(2)ZhongNanshanhasbeendevotedChina'smedicalcareallhislife.

(3)Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimeto(help)othersrebuild.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(4)(2023·安徽蚌埠模擬)yourspokenEnglish,themorefluentitwillbecome.

你用來練習(xí)英語口語的時(shí)間越多,你的英語口語就會(huì)越流利。答案(1)devotion(2)to(3)helping(4)Themoretimeyoudevotetopracticing知識(shí)點(diǎn)7suitv.適合n.西服;套裝*suitableadj.適合的;適宜的(P53)Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenesinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds.有了這項(xiàng)技術(shù),我們就有可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)培育大量基因相同的猴子,甚至可以改變它們的基因,以適應(yīng)研究需要。知識(shí)拓展besuitablefor適合……besuitabletodosth適合做某事Itsuitssbtodosth.對(duì)某人來說,最好做某事。圖解釋義Pleasemakeasuittomymeasure.請(qǐng)按照我的尺寸做一套西服。易混辨析suit“適合;適宜”,指衣服顏色、樣式適合某人,還可指合乎需要、口味、地位、條件等。另外,用于比喻意義時(shí)多用suitfit“適合;合身”,指大小、尺寸、形狀等合適,引申為“吻合;協(xié)調(diào)”match“適合;和……匹配”,多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配,含有“與之相匹配”之意融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.用fit、suit、match的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Thoughthestyledoesn'tme,Iwanttotakethisjacketbecauseitmewellandmytrousers.

Ⅱ.單句填空(2)Ithinksuitsmetostartworkatalatertime.

(3)Thisbook,writteninsimpleEnglish,is(suit)forbeginners.

答案(1)suit;fits;matches(2)it(3)suitable知識(shí)點(diǎn)8treatmentn.診治;治療;療法;對(duì)待方式*treatv.治療;對(duì)待;款待n.款待;招待(P53)Thiscouldhelpsaveresearchtime,reducethenumberofanimalsrequiredfortesting,producemoreaccurateresults,andleadtomoreeffectivetreatments.這有助于節(jié)省研究時(shí)間,減少實(shí)驗(yàn)所需動(dòng)物的數(shù)量,使實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確、治療方法更有效。知識(shí)拓展treatsbas...把某人當(dāng)……看待treatsbwith...用……對(duì)待某人treatsthseriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事物treatsb/oneselfto用……款待某人/自己It'smytreat.我請(qǐng)客。經(jīng)典佳句Sincetheepidemicended,scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.自從疫情結(jié)束以來,科學(xué)家們就一直在進(jìn)行治療方面的試驗(yàn)以預(yù)防任何未來的(疫情)暴發(fā)。Treatotherpeopleinthemannerthatyouwishthemtotreatyou.你希望別人怎樣對(duì)待你,你就怎樣對(duì)待別人。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句寫作(1)—Didyouenjoytheparty?你喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?—Yes.Webyourhosts.

是的,我們受到了主人的盛情款待。(2)I'llattherestaurantinfrontofourschool.

我將請(qǐng)你在我們學(xué)校前面的餐館吃午飯。(3)Let'sgooutforlunchafterwork—.

下班后咱們到外面去吃午餐吧——我請(qǐng)客。答案(1)weretreatedwell(2)treatyoutolunch(3)it'smytreat知識(shí)點(diǎn)9crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的*cruciallyadv.至關(guān)重要地;關(guān)鍵性地(P53)Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。知識(shí)拓展becrucialto/forsth對(duì)某事而言是至關(guān)重要的acrucialdecision/issue/factor關(guān)鍵性的決定/問題/因素Itiscrucialthat...……是極其重要的atthecrucialmoment在緊要關(guān)頭cruciallyimportant極其重要經(jīng)典佳句Theconservationoftropicalforestsisofcrucialimportance.保護(hù)熱帶森林是至關(guān)重要的。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句填空(1)Itiscrucialtheproblemshouldbetackledimmediately.

(2)Thisaidmoneyiscrucialthegovernment'seconomicpolicies.

答案(1)that(2)to/for知識(shí)點(diǎn)10concernn.擔(dān)心;關(guān)心;重要的事情vt.使擔(dān)憂;涉及;關(guān)系到*concernedadj.擔(dān)心的;關(guān)注的*concerningprep.關(guān)于;就……而言(P53)Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。知識(shí)拓展showconcernfor...對(duì)……關(guān)切;關(guān)心Itconcerns/concernedsbthat...令某人擔(dān)憂的是……as/sofaras...beconcerned關(guān)于;至于;就……而言beconcernedabout/for關(guān)心;擔(dān)憂;掛念beconcernedwith牽涉到;與……有關(guān);關(guān)心經(jīng)典佳句AsfarasIamconcerned,thepublicareshowingmoreandmoreconcernforeducation.Sothebooksconcerningacademicsarepopularwiththem.Butitconcernsmethatthehealthoftheyoungisinbadconditionnow,whichisworrying.在我看來,公眾越來越關(guān)心教育。因此,有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)的書籍受到他們的歡迎。但我擔(dān)心的是,現(xiàn)在年輕人的健康狀況很差,這是令人擔(dān)憂的。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句填空(1)Asfarastechnology(concern),webelieveweareamongthebestintheworld.

(2)Heaskedseveralquestions(concern)thefutureofthecompany.

(3)Moreandmorepeopleshowgreatconcernroadsafety.

(4)What(concern)meisourlackofpreparationforthechange.

答案(1)isconcerned(2)concerning(3)for(4)concerns知識(shí)點(diǎn)11abusevt.濫用;妄用;虐待n.濫用;虐待(P53)Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.最后,他們擔(dān)心某些組織可能會(huì)出于不道德的目的濫用該技術(shù)。知識(shí)拓展abuseone'spower/privilege/position濫用某人的權(quán)力/特權(quán)/職權(quán)alcoholabuse酗酒childabuse虐待兒童astreamofabuse一通大罵經(jīng)典佳句Whatshedidwasanabuseofherpositionasmanager.她的所作所為是濫用經(jīng)理職權(quán)。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句寫作(1)willbringouroffspringaterriblefuture.

濫用能源會(huì)給我們的子孫后代帶來可怕的未來。(2)Accordingtothenewlaw,parentsarenotallowedinthefamily.

根據(jù)新的法律,家長不允許在家中虐待兒童。答案(1)Abusingenergy/Energyabuse(2)toabusechildren短語句式知識(shí)點(diǎn)12morethan超過;不止;不僅僅;多于(P52)AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20mammalspecies,includingcamels,cattle,deer,dogs,goatsandmice.繼多莉之后,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)克隆了20多種哺乳動(dòng)物,包括駱駝、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。知識(shí)拓展morethan+數(shù)詞,表示“超過;多于”,相當(dāng)于overmorethan+形容詞,表示“很;非?！眒ore...than...比……更;與其說……不如說……nomorethan+名詞或基數(shù)詞,表示“不過;僅僅;只有”(側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量少)notmorethan+基數(shù)詞,表示“至多;不超過”lessthan少于otherthan除了;不同于ratherthan而不是圖解釋義Themotherpandahastakencareoftheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.熊貓媽媽照顧這只小熊貓不止兩年。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.寫出下列句中morethan的含義(1)Therearemorethan5hospitalsinthesmalltown.

(2)Wearemorethangladtoseeyouhere.

(3)Georgeismoreintelligentthanaggressive.

(4)Tomismorethanmybrother;heisalsomygoodfriend.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(5)wasburntinthefire.

不止一間房屋在火災(zāi)中被燒毀。(6)Heisanordinarypoliceman.

他只不過是一名普通的警察。(7)Thesitenowhasworldwide.

現(xiàn)在這一網(wǎng)站在全球擁有一百多萬名會(huì)員。答案(1)超過;多于(2)很;非常(3)與其說……不如說……(4)不僅僅(5)Morethanonehouse(6)nomorethan(7)morethanonemillionmembers知識(shí)點(diǎn)13leadto引起;導(dǎo)致;通向(P52)Thishasledtoquestionssuchas,“Willthisbeamajorissueforallclonedanimals?”“Willitcontinuetohappenforever?”.這引發(fā)了一些疑問,例如:“這會(huì)是所有克隆動(dòng)物的主要問題嗎?”“這個(gè)問題會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去嗎?”知識(shí)拓展leadsbtodosth使某人做某事leadsbto+地點(diǎn)把某人領(lǐng)到某地leadsbbythenose牽著某人的鼻子走leada...life過著……的生活inthelead領(lǐng)先經(jīng)典佳句Withaguideleadingtheway,wearrivedatavillageinTibet,wherewefoundthelocalpeopleleadingahappylife.由向?qū)?我們到達(dá)了西藏的一個(gè)村莊。在那里,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^著幸福的生活。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句填空(1)Whatledyou(select)yourmajor?

(2)I'mnotgoingtoallowanyonetoleadmethenose.

(3)TheDemocratsnowappeartobethelead.

答案(1)toselect(2)by(3)in知識(shí)點(diǎn)14anumberof許多;大量的(P52)Therehadbeenanumberoffailuresbeforetheyeventuallyfoundawaytosuccessfullycloneamonkey.歷經(jīng)多次失敗,他們最終找到了成功克隆猴子的方法。知識(shí)拓展agreat/large/smallnumberofagreat/goodmanyquiteafewagreatdealofagreat/largeamountof+alotof/lotsofagreat/largequantityofmassesofplentyof+經(jīng)典佳句Alargenumberofstudentswillbenefitfromthenewteachingmethod.許多學(xué)生將從這個(gè)新的教學(xué)方法中獲益。Withoutdoubt,thenumberofjobsininformationtechnologywillmultiply.毫無疑問,信息技術(shù)方面的工作數(shù)量會(huì)大大增加。名師點(diǎn)撥“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！皌henumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)形式?！癮largeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)argeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)amounts決定,用復(fù)數(shù)形式。“alargequantityof+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！發(fā)argequantitiesof+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quantities決定,用復(fù)數(shù)形式。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)Inthepasttenyears,anumberofhighbuildings(arise)wheretherewasnothingbutruins.

(2)Largeamountsofmoney(spend)onadvertisementseveryyear.

(3)Largequantitiesofwater(pipe)tothedryareasincelastyear.

(4)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads(keep)risingthesedays.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(5),it'snotdifficultforthemtounderstandthesewordsinChinesecontexts.

隨著學(xué)習(xí)英語的人越來越多,對(duì)他們而言,在中文語境里理解這些英語單詞并不是很困難。(6)auniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention.

一位普通的工人向一所大學(xué)捐贈(zèng)了一大筆錢,這引起了公眾的關(guān)注。答案(1)havearisen(2)arespent(3)havebeenpiped(4)keeps(5)AsthenumberofEnglishlearnersisontherise(6)Agreatdeal/amountofmoneywasdonatedto知識(shí)點(diǎn)15動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語(P52)ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.第一只成功克隆的動(dòng)物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。知識(shí)拓展(1)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語時(shí)通常與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,或表示動(dòng)作已完成。(2)動(dòng)詞-ed形式還可以在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等狀語。此時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式通常與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,或表示動(dòng)作已完成。Theexperiencegainedwillgiveyoumoreconfidencetohelpyourcustomers.獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)給你更多的信心去幫助你的客戶。Therearemanybeautifullydecoratedhousesinthisrichzone.這個(gè)富人區(qū)有許多裝修精美的房子。Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.我感到累極了,爬上床很快就睡著了。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)(give)alotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.

(2)(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

(3)Theteachercamein,(follow)byagroupofstudents.

Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(4)Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.→Themeetingisofgreatimportance.(動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語)

答案(1)Given(2)Used(3)followed(4)heldyesterday知識(shí)點(diǎn)16動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(P52)Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned!它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動(dòng)物(哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別,包括猿、猴子和人類)!知識(shí)拓展句中tohavebeencloned是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。(1)當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)或前有next、only、last等時(shí),常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞,常見的有:ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。名師點(diǎn)撥如果作后置定語的動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式后要有相應(yīng)的介詞。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空(1)Heisalwaysthefirst(come)andthelast(leave).

(2)Shewasthefirstwoman(win)agoldmedalintheOlympicGames.

(3)Thankyouforgivingmethechance(make)thespeech.

Ⅱ.單句寫作(4)Theabilityisasimportantastheideaitself.

表達(dá)思想的能力和思想本身同等重要。答案(1)tocome;toleave(2)towin(3)tomake(4)toexpressanidea知識(shí)點(diǎn)17while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(P53)Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。知識(shí)拓展(1)while用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然;盡管”,相當(dāng)于though。(2)while用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“在……期間;當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(3)while用作并列連詞,表對(duì)比,意為“而”。(4)while用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,意為“只要”,相當(dāng)于aslongas。(5)while用作名詞,意為“一會(huì)兒;一段時(shí)間”,主要用于短語中。afterawhile“過了一會(huì)兒”;forawhile“暫時(shí);一會(huì)兒”;allthewhile“一直;始終”。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句寫作(1),thereishope.

有生命就有希望。(2)Theboyisgoodatmaths.

那個(gè)男孩擅長數(shù)學(xué),而他妹妹擅長語文。(3),Ican'tagreewithyou.

雖然我明白你說的話,但是我還是不認(rèn)同你的觀點(diǎn)。(4)Theyandthenwenttowork.

他們聊了一會(huì)兒,然后就去上班了。答案(1)Whilethereislife(2)whilehissisterisgoodatChinese(3)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay(4)chattedforawhile語法探究完成時(shí)自主探究閱讀下列句子,注意黑體部分的時(shí)態(tài)。①Tomhadtocorrectthemistakesinhiscompositionthathisteacherhadpointedout.②Thehackerwasaccusedoftheftbecausehehadstoleninformationfromotherpeople'sdatabases.③Hehasworkedforuseversinceheleftschool.④Ihavebeenworkingwithherfor20years.⑤Whenshearrivedattheschoolgate,Ihadbeenwaitingfor2hours.⑥Ihadbeentryingtocallhomebutcouldn'tgetthrough.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)以上句子均體現(xiàn)了完成時(shí)態(tài)。(1)句為過去完成時(shí)。

(2)句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

(3)句為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(4)句為過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

答案(1)①②(2)③(3)④(4)⑤⑥探究點(diǎn)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、基本用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+done”構(gòu)成,表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/hasbeen+doing”構(gòu)成,表示某一動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能到此為止,也有可能繼續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)兩者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成,或者在過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響;而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生,但現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù),側(cè)重未完成。I'vedialedfourtimes;Idon'tthinkanyoneisintheoffice.我已經(jīng)撥了四次電話了,我認(rèn)為辦公室里沒人。I'vebeendialling;Idon'tthinkanyoneisintheoffice.我一直在打電話,我認(rèn)為辦公室里沒人。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎?Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見過他嗎?3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(可能表示不滿)Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(說明一個(gè)事實(shí))4.有些動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞be、have、exist等;表示感情的動(dòng)詞like、love等;表示感覺的動(dòng)詞see、hear、smell等;表示知道、相信、猜測(cè)的動(dòng)詞know、believe、suppose等。Hehashadacoldforaweek.他已經(jīng)感冒一周了。IhavelikedjazzsinceIwasateenager.從青少年時(shí)期起我就喜歡爵士樂了。Ihaveknownherforalongtime.我認(rèn)識(shí)她已經(jīng)很長時(shí)間了。5.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work、study、live、teach、stay、wait、lie、sleep等)在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多,只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長久性。Howlonghaveyouworked/beenworkinghere?你在這兒工作多久了?I'velived/beenlivingheresince1988.自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。6.與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);但與次數(shù)連用時(shí)只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ithasn'trainedforsixweeks.已經(jīng)六個(gè)星期沒下雨了。Ithasbeenrainingsinceyesterdayanditisstillraining.從昨天起,雨就沒停過,而且現(xiàn)在還在下。Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o'clock.從十二點(diǎn)后,他已經(jīng)給我打了五次電話。Hehasbeenringingmeupallmorning.他整個(gè)上午一直在給我打電話。7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),若一定要用,可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.這個(gè)問題已被研究了五天。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句填空(1)It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumber(rise)forsometime.

(2)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It'sbecauseI(practise)alotthesedays.

(3)LilywenttoChinalastyearandI(hear)fromhereversince.

答案(1)hasbeenrising(2)havebeenpracticing(3)haven'theard探究點(diǎn)2過去完成時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、過去完成時(shí)(一)過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)由“had+done”構(gòu)成。(二)過去完成時(shí)的用法1.過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去的時(shí)間可以用by、before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示,還可通過上下文來表示。Whentheexplorerhurriedtothedestination,theothershadalreadyleft.當(dāng)這名探險(xiǎn)者匆忙趕到目的地的時(shí)候,其他人已經(jīng)離開了。Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到宇宙飛船發(fā)來的200張圖片。2.表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for、since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。Hetoldusthathehaddonethescientificresearchforfiveyears.他告訴我們他做科學(xué)研究已經(jīng)五年了。3.動(dòng)詞think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。Ihadneverthoughtthatyouwerecontenttohelpme.我從未想過你愿意幫我。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們本來希望能來看看你。4.過去完成時(shí)常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他對(duì)她很熟悉。5.當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語從句與主句的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去時(shí),通常一個(gè)動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)表示,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)表示。如果從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,從句用過去完成時(shí);如果從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后,則從句用一般過去時(shí)。從句常由when、before、after、assoonas、till/until引導(dǎo)。WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來時(shí),雨已停了。注意:在before、after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句多用一般過去時(shí)。AfterhearrivedinEngland,heworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.他到達(dá)英格蘭之后努力提高他的英語水平。6.過去完成時(shí)的常用固定句型(1)主語+hadhardly/scarcely/nosooner+done+when/than從句(從句用一般過去時(shí));當(dāng)hardly、scarcely、nosooner等表示否定意義的詞位于句首時(shí),主句要倒裝。Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.我剛到家就下雨了。(2)Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句(從句用過去完成時(shí))ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我離開北京至少有3個(gè)月了。(3)Itwasthefirst/second/...time+(that)從句(從句用過去完成時(shí))ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.那是我第一次用英語在網(wǎng)上聊天。(4)主句(過去完成時(shí))+bythetime...(一般過去時(shí))Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.在他們到達(dá)之前,我們已經(jīng)做好一切準(zhǔn)備了。(5)句子(過去完成時(shí))+bytheendof...(表示過去的時(shí)間)Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedEnglishforatleastfouryears.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們至少已經(jīng)學(xué)了四年英語。二、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“hadbeen+doing”構(gòu)成(二)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1.強(qiáng)調(diào)到過去為止,某一活動(dòng)或動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù),可能仍然持續(xù)下去。Ithadbeensnowingfor2dayswhenIarrivedinHeilongjiang.當(dāng)我到黑龍江的時(shí)候,已經(jīng)下了兩天的雪了。(可能當(dāng)時(shí)還在下雪)2.表示重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作——就是表示過去某一活動(dòng)或者時(shí)間之前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ihadbeentryingtocallheronthephone.Finallyshegavemeacall.我一直試圖給她打電話,最后她給我打了電話。注意:重復(fù)的動(dòng)作不能說出具體次數(shù)。3.過去完成時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性,過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束這一事實(shí)。Theyhadbeenbuildingtheroadbytheendoflastmonth.到上個(gè)月月底為止,他們一直在修建這條路。Theyhadbuilttheroadbytheendoflastmonth.上個(gè)月月底,他們已建好了這條路。融會(huì)應(yīng)用單句寫作(1)I,butsomethinghappened.

我本打算來,但發(fā)生了一些事。(2)Sheabadcoldbeforeshetooktheexam.

她在考試之前一直患重感冒。(3)If