中國文化通覽五-九單元提綱

中國文化通覽提綱中國文化瑰寶四書五經(jīng)?！瘛对娊?jīng)》我國第一步詩歌總集?！瘛渡袝肺覈瞎挪糠质妨系膮R編?！瘛叭Y”指《儀禮》、《周禮》和《禮記》?！瘛吨芤住贩帧兑捉?jīng)》和《易傳》?！瘛洞呵铩肤攪窌?，也是世界上最早的一部編年史。●《大學》作于漢初，是《禮記》中一篇論述在古代的“大學”階段如何學習修身和治國之道的文章。●《中庸》《禮記》中另一篇文章，講儒家的處世哲學?！瘛墩撜Z》是孔子及其弟子時人的言行錄?！瘛睹献印芳畜w現(xiàn)了孟子的哲學思想和政治思想。京劇與地方戲曲●京?。簢狻裨u?。罕狈降胤綉颉裨絼。涸从谡憬r(nóng)村●豫?。涸从诤幽稀顸S梅戲：18世紀后期在安徽、湖北和江西三省毗鄰地區(qū)以黃梅采茶調(diào)為主的民間歌舞基礎上發(fā)展而成的一種小戲?！窈颖卑鹱樱汉颖笔〉胤綉駽hineseCulture:AnIntroduction五．GemsoftheChineseCulture1.TheForeBooksandTheFiveClassics●TheBookofPoetry:thefirstmajorcollectionofChinesepoems.●TheBookofHistory:anincompletecollectionofthehistoryofancientChina.●TheBookofRites:includesYiLi,ZhouLiandLiJi.●ZhouYiorTheBookofChanges:YiJingandYiZhuan.●TheSpringandAutumnAnnals:acanonicalbookofhistorywhich,isacombinationofcannotandhistory.●TheGreatLearning:writtenintheearlyHanDynasty,isinfactanessayinTheBookofRites.●TheDoctrineoftheMean:anotheressayinTheBookofRites.●TheConfucianAnalects:acollectionofthesayingsandteachingsofConfuciusandhisdisciples.●TheWorksofMencius:acollectionofanecdotesabouttheteachingsofMasterMengKe,orMencius.2.BeijingOperaandLocalOperas●BeijingOpera:aculturalsymbolofChina●Pingju:popularinNorthandNorthestChina●Yueju:originatedinshengxianCounty,ZhejiangProvince●Yuju:originatedinHenan●HuangmeiOpera:basedonthefolksongsanddancesintheborderingareaofAnhui,HubeiandJiangxiprovincesinlate18thcentury.●HebeiBangzi:majorformsoflocaloperainHebeiProvince.●呂?。荷綎|省地方戲●川劇：西南幾省的地方戲中國書畫●中國傳統(tǒng)人物畫：人物活動為只要描寫對象●中國傳統(tǒng)山水畫：自然風景為只要描寫對象●中國傳統(tǒng)花鳥畫：動植物為只要描寫對象●中國書法：中國特有的具有悠久歷史和民族特色的傳統(tǒng)藝術生活中的文化符號文房四寶：筆、墨、紙、硯●中國對聯(lián)：俗稱對子，是我國一種獨特的文學藝術形式●中國印章：即璽印篆刻，是依附于書法而又具有相對獨立性的一種傳統(tǒng)藝術形式中國民間藝術與競技民間工藝木版年畫，剪紙，風箏，刺繡，紡織，印染，陶瓷，金銀玉器，竹木藤器，泥塑。民間游藝●社火：源于古老的土地崇拜，今天已變?yōu)楦鞯毓?jié)慶日的大型群眾文藝游樂活動?！駸熁ㄅ谥瘢悍昴赀^節(jié)燃放煙花爆竹，已成為我國節(jié)日文化中不可或缺的內(nèi)容之一?！耵[花燈：正月十五的主要民俗活動?！馤vju:majorformsoflocaloperainShandongProvince.●Chuanju:afolklanternplayofSichuanProvince3.ChinesePaintingandCalligraphy●TraditionalChineseFigurePainting:withhumanactivitiesasthemajorobjectsofdescription.●TraditionalChineseLandscapePainting:naturallandscapeareitsobjectofdescription.●TraditionalChineseFlower-and-BirdPainting:animalsandplantsareitssubjects.●ChineseCalligraphy:nativetoChina,isatraditionalcharacteristicfeatures.4.CulturalTokensinDailyLifeTheFourTreasuresoftheStudy:writingbrush,ink-stick,paperandink-slab.●DuilianorChineseCouplets:alsoknownasduizi,isauniqueliterarygenreinChina.●ChineseSeals:thoughbasedonChinesecalligraphy,isacomparativelyindependenttraditionalartform.六．FolkArtsandSports1.FolkHandicraftBlock-PrintedchineseNewYearPictures;Paper-Cut;Kites;Embroidery;Textile;PrintingandDyeing;Ceramics;Gold,SilverandJadeWares;Bamboo,Wood,andRattanWork;ClayandDoughFigureModelling.2.FolkPerformanceandEntertainment●Shehuo：Originallyreferringtosacrificeritualstognome,shehuoisnowageneraltermforallkindsofrecreationalactivitiesinfestivals.●FirecrackersandFireworks:oneoftheessentialpartsofChinesefestivalculture.●LanternShow:fallsonthe15thofthefirstmonthoftheChineseNewYear.●踩高蹺：由表演者腳踩木蹺扮演人物、故事的表演藝術?！袼｝垷簦阂环N以龍形道具為主體，十數(shù)人共同表演的大型民間藝術形式?！癃{子舞：由兩人或一人身披獅型服裝表演的民間藝術形式。●跑旱船：是指女演員身上套、挎著船型道具扮坐船、男演員手持船篙扮劃船，二人共同表演的一種民間表演藝術?！窕ü摹⒀模阂环N多由男女二人對唱對舞的民間歌舞藝術形式民間競技●中國武術：我國人民在長期的生產(chǎn)和社會實踐中不斷積累和豐富起來的一種傳統(tǒng)民間競技技術?！裰袊笃澹涸从诠爬系牟┺挠螒?，發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代，中國象棋游戲規(guī)則已經(jīng)非常規(guī)范?！颀堉鄹偧迹菏怯靡环N狹長的龍形舟船、由多人同時劃槳進行的劃船競賽活動，通常于每年農(nóng)歷的五月初五在各地知名的江河湖泊中舉行，是一種傳統(tǒng)的民間利于競賽項目?！癜魏樱阂豁椨扇藬?shù)相等的雙方對拉一根又長又粗的繩索以比較力量的傳統(tǒng)民間競技活動。中國風土人情飲食文化●中國烹飪：講究色、香、味和營養(yǎng)。●中國筷子：中國進餐習俗中的一絕，至今已有數(shù)千年歷史。●Stilts-Walking:apairoflong,slenderpoleseachequippedwitharaisedfootresttoenabletheusertowalkelevatedabovetheground.●DragonLanternDance:auniquefolkdanceinChina.●LionDance:afolkshowperformedbyoneortwopersonswrappedaroundwithlionskincostume.●BoatingDance:afolkdancewithonedancerplayingthewomanpassengercarryingthepropboataroundherandanotherplayingtheboatmanwithanoar.●ColoredDrumDanceandWaistDrumDance:afolksinginganddancingperformanceactedbyamaleandafemale,orbymanypeopleinsomeplaces.3.FolkSports●ChineseWushu:avaluableculturalheritageoftheChinesenation,isatraditionalChinesesportwithauniquenationalcharacteristic.●ChineseChess:Chinesechessoriginatesfromancientboandyigames.Today,Chinesechesshasverystandardizedandspecificrulesofthegame.●TheDragon-BoatRace:aboatinggameinvolvingdragon-shapedlongcanoespropelledbyacrewofmanypaddlersinunison.●Tug-of-War:atraditionalfolksport,tug-of-warisatestofstrengthinwhichtwoteamswithequalnumberofparticipantspullagainsteachotheronarope,eachtryingtopulltheotheroverthewinningline.七．ChineseFolkCulrures1.TheDieteticCulture●ChineseCulinaryArts:attachesgreatimportancetocolor,aroma,tasteandnutrition.●ChineseChopsticks:withahistoryof●中國宴席禮儀：講究座次，上菜順序和擺菜位置，進食的規(guī)范和主客的禮儀。酒文化●酒文化的源流：商代飲酒風氣極盛，明清出現(xiàn)不少地方名酒?！窬屏睿阂环N飲酒時的游戲?！裰袊疲好┡_、西鳳、紹興加飯酒等。茶文化●茶文化發(fā)展：西漢時期，已有飲茶習慣；魏晉南北朝時，飲茶成為上層人物中間的一種時尚；唐代，中國茶文化成熟時期；宋代，飲酒盛行不衰；元代，飲茶成為日常生活極為平常的事；明清時期：飲茶方式不斷豐富?！裰袊杷嚕阂皇沁x茶擇器，二沖泡斟酌，三聞香品飲●茶的品種：有綠茶、紅茶、花茶、烏龍茶、白茶、緊壓茶六大茶系。姓氏文化包括姓、氏、名、字和號。節(jié)日文化節(jié)日起源于古代歷法。●春節(jié)：每年農(nóng)歷的正月初一。●清明節(jié)：每年公歷4月4日（或5日）。●端午節(jié)：每年農(nóng)歷五月初五。thousandsofyears,areawonderofChinesediningutensils.●TheEtiquetteofChineseBanquets:seatorder,theorderofservingdishesnandthewaydishesaresetonthetable.2.TheWineCulture●DrinkingEtiquette:popularinShangDynasty,MingandQingappearmanyfamouswines.●Wagergame:adrinkers’wagergame●FamousChineseWine:Maotai,Xifeng,Shaoxingjiafanetc.3.TheTeaCulture●TeaCultureDevelopment:WesternHanDynasty,teadrinkinghabitshavebeen;SouthernDynasties,teabecameafashionamongtheelite;theTangDynasty,Chineseteaculturematureperiod;Song,drinkingpowerfulasever;theYuanDynasty,teadrinkingbecomeadailyAverycommonthing;MingandQingDynasties:drinkingteacontinuouslyenriched.●ChineseTea:OneelectionteaSelector,twobrewingdiscretion,drinkingthreearoma●Varietiesoftea:greentea,blacktea,jasminetea,oolongtea,whitetea,tea,compressedtea,Departmentofthesix.4.TheNameCultureIncludingxing/shi/ming/ziandhao.5.ThefestivalCultureHolidayoriginatedintheancientcalendar●SpringFestival:onthefirstdayofthefirstmonthaccordingtothelunarcalendar.●China’sTombSweepingDay:Aprilthefourthorfifthofthesolaryear(accordingtotheGregoriancalendar).●TheDragonBoatFestival:fallsonthefifthlunarminth.●乞巧節(jié)：每年農(nóng)歷七月初七?！裰星锕?jié)：每年農(nóng)歷八月十五。●重陽節(jié)：每年農(nóng)歷九月初九。中國地理文化古城古跡●中國八大古都：鄭州、西安、北京、洛陽、開封、南京、杭州、安陽。●中國著名古城及其名勝古跡：南京城、山西平遙、湖南鳳凰和云南麗江、大理等古城?！裰袊鴼v史文化名城：天津、濟南、曲阜、武漢等。景點景觀中國各級風景名勝區(qū)共677個?！褡匀痪坝^：黃山、廬山、武夷山、武陵源、長江山峽等?！袢宋木坝^：八達嶺、洛陽龍門、臨潼驪山風景區(qū)等。名山●五月：東岳泰山、西岳華山、南岳衡山、北岳恒山、中岳嵩山?！穹鸾堂剑何迮_山、九華山、普陀山、峨眉山?！竦澜堂剑糊埢⑸??！耧L景名山：雁蕩山、路南石林、巫山、天山、五大連池火山群等?！馫iqiaoFestival:fallsontheseventhdayoftheseventhlunarmonth.●TheMid-autumnFestival:fallsonthe15thoftheeightyhlunarmonth.●DoubleNinthFestival:fallsontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.八．ChineseGeographicalCulture1.AncientCitiesandHistoricalSites●TheEjghtGreatestAncientCapitals:Zhengzhou,Xian,Beijing,Luoyang,Kaifeng,Nanjing,HangzhouandAnyang.●FamousChineseAncientCitiesandHistoricalSites:Nanjiang,PingyaoAncientCity,FenghuangAncientCity,theancientcityofLijingandDaliAncientCityetc.●FamousHistoricalandCulturalCitiesinChina:Tianjin,jinan,Qufu,Wuhanetc.2.FamousScenicSpotsThereaeatotalof677scenicspotsinChinaatalllevels.●ScenicAreasFamousforNaturalLandscapes:MountHuang,MountLu,MountWuyi,Wulingyuan,Riversetc.●ScenicAreasofCulturanView:Badaling-MingTombsScenicArea,LongmenGrottoesScenicArea,LishanScenicAreaetc.3.FamousMountains●The“FiveSacredMountains”:MountTai,MountHua,MountHenginHunanProvince,MountSong.●The“FourSacredBuddhistMountains”:MountWutai,MountJiuhua,MountPutuoandMountEmei.●The“FourSacredTaoistMountains”:MountLonghu,MountQingcehng,MountWudangandMountQiyun.●FamousScenicMountains:MountYandang,TheStoneForestin河流湖泊●中國的河流：長江、黃河、京杭大運河?！裰袊暮矗何骱?、蜀崗—瘦西湖、無錫太湖、松花湖、滇池、青海湖、天山天池。中國建筑與園林傳統(tǒng)建筑風格●傳統(tǒng)建筑的發(fā)展階段：原始社會至漢代—形成期；魏晉南北朝—發(fā)展期；隋唐—成熟期；宋朝—大變革時期；元朝—繼續(xù)發(fā)展時期；明清—高峰時期?！駛鹘y(tǒng)建筑風格特點：建筑材料以木材、磚瓦為主，采用梁柱式的彈性結(jié)構(gòu)體系?！裰袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)建筑的類別：包括管式建筑和民間建筑兩類。著名傳統(tǒng)建筑宮殿、陵墓、壇廟、祠堂、會館、佛寺、石窟、塔、道教宮觀、橋梁、樓閣、坊表、亭廊闕榭。園林及其特色私家園林、北方皇家園林。英本103班周東方Lunan,MountWu,TheTianshanMountain,GroupVolcanoesinWudalianchietc.4.FamousRiversandLakes●FamousChineseRivers:TheChangjiangRiver,TheYellowRiver,TheGrandCanal.●FamousChineseLakes:WestLake,ShouxiLake,TaihuLak